超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测霉千张中13种真菌毒素

建立了同时检测霉千张中黄曲霉毒素等13种真菌毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UHPLC-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经乙腈-水(50:50,V/V)提取,Mycospin 400净化。采用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C_(18)色谱柱(100 mm×2.1,1.8μm)作为分析柱,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.5%乙酸-水和10 mmol/L乙酸铵-0.5%乙酸-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正、负离子(ESI+,ESI-)多反应模式监测。评估了每种真菌毒素在霉千张样品中的基质效应,采用同位素内标法进行定量分析。结果表明,13种真菌毒素在1.0~500μg/kg范围呈良好线性,所得R2均大于0.999。样品在高、中、低3个浓度加标水平下的平均回收率为69.8%~118.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~15%。针对不同真菌毒素,方法的定量限为1.0~30μg/kg。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定虾饲料中7种真菌毒素

建立了虾饲料中黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、黄曲霉毒素M_1(AFM_1)、T-2毒素(T-2)、HT-2毒素(HT-2)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)同时检测方法。样品中加入15 mL乙腈-水(体积比4∶1)和10 mL乙腈饱和正己烷,涡旋混匀,超声提取,MycoSpin~(TM)400多毒素净化柱净化后上机测定。采用Hypersil Gold (150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-水(含0.03%氨水)为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾电离模式下正、负离子同时扫描检测,基质匹配外标法定量。在优化条件下,7种真菌毒素的线性相关系数(r~2)均大于0.991,检出限为1.83～12.63μg/kg。在高、中、低3个加标水平下,各目标毒素的回收率为87.5%～116%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～18%。该法可为水产饲料中多种真菌毒素的同时检测提供参考。     

应用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法建立谷物中18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查数据库及确证方法

建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)的18种真菌毒素非靶向筛查方法。真菌毒素标准物质用HSS T3色谱柱进行色谱分离后在UPLC-Q-TOF/MS MS^E模式下分别用正、负离子模式采集,获取MS和MS/MS的信息,记录对应保留时间、加合物离子、碎片离子精确质量数等信息,设置保留时间偏移为0.3 min,加合物离子和碎片离子的精确质量匹配容差为5×10^-6,在UNIFI中建立18种真菌毒素的数据库。在稻谷、小麦基质中,以筛查检出限(SDL)作为主要参数对筛查方法进行了验证。18种真菌毒素分为有最大限量和无最大限量两种类型,结果有最大限量的真菌毒素均能在其限量水平被准确筛查,无最大限量的真菌毒素其SDL的范围为2～800μg/kg。基质效应考察表明,稻谷中有14种真菌毒素有中等基质效应,小麦中有11种真菌毒素有中等基质效应。样品经乙腈提取后用QuEChERS萃取盐包和HLB净化柱净化,用建立的方法对25批稻谷、小麦进行筛查,结果2批稻谷中检出4种真菌毒素,2批小麦中检出2种真菌毒素。该方法能准确筛查SDL水...     

稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定植物油中16种真菌毒素

建立了稳定同位素稀释-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法简单、快速、高效地检测植物油中16种真菌毒素的方法。植物油经乙腈-水-乙酸(84∶15∶1,V/V)提取并离心后,上清液用水1∶1(V/V)稀释,高速低温离心去除油脂,过膜后,加入稳定同位素内标补偿基质效应干扰,以五氟苯色谱柱为分离柱,用甲醇和含有0.1%(V/V)甲酸的1 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液进行梯度洗脱,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测,内标标准曲线法定量测定植物油中的16种真菌毒素。16种真菌毒素的线性相关系数均大于0.9994,检出限为0.1~66.7μg/kg,定量限为0.3~200.0μg/kg。4种不同植物油基质中,3个浓度水平的加标回收率为74.2%~105.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%~13.9%。采用本方法检测了市售38个植物油样品中的真菌毒素。本方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于植物油中16种真菌毒素的快速准确检测。     

基于QuEChERS法提取液相色谱-串联质谱法测定新会陈皮中的9种真菌毒素和农药残留

建立了Qu ECh ERS-改性多壁碳纳米管提取净化结合液相色谱-质谱联用同时检测新会陈皮中6种真菌毒素和3种农药残留的分析方法,并对影响提取、净化、检测效率的因素进行了优化。以乙腈-水(80∶20)提取样品,适量改性多壁碳纳米管净化后,净化液直接用HPLC-MS/MS进行测定,选择多反应监测模式,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。在优化实验条件下,9种目标化合物在各自线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.983 8~0.998 2,检出限(S/N=3)为0.18~10μg/kg。在低、中、高3个加标水平的平均回收率为72.4%~106%,相对标准偏差为2.2%~7.4%。该法准确、灵敏度高﹑操作简单﹑快速,可满足新会陈皮中上述9种化合物同时测定的要求,应用于真菌毒素和农药残留的快速筛查和确证,结果满意。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食用油中16种真菌毒素

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定食用油中黄曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素等16种真菌毒素的方法。样品经乙腈–水–甲酸(体积比为80∶19∶1)振荡提取,过六合一真菌毒素免疫亲和柱净化,提取液用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7μm)色谱柱进行分离,采用内标法定量测定。方法的检出限为0.1～16.5μg/kg,定量限为0.3～50μg/kg,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3%～9.2%(n=6),平均回收率为75.9%～104.5%。该方法净化效果好,灵敏度高,具有良好的精密度与准确度,适用于同时检测食用油中的16种真菌毒素。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定辣椒粉及辣椒油中的7种罗丹明染料

建立了辣椒粉及辣椒油中7种罗丹明染料的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品经正己烷或甲醇-水(体积比为1∶1)溶液提取后,经固相萃取(SPE)柱净化,采用SB-C18柱分离,以乙腈和水(含体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子模式质谱检测,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量测定。7种罗丹明类染料在0.000 5～1.0mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.997;方法的检出限分别为0.21～51μg/kg(辣椒粉)和0.19～25μg/kg(辣椒油);方法的回收率为85.0%～106.0%,日内及日间相对标准偏差均小于20%。该方法简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短,适用于辣椒粉和辣椒油中7种罗丹明染料的同时测定。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中11种真菌毒素残留量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中11种真菌毒素的残留量。样品经乙腈沉淀蛋白和提取,正己烷脱脂,无水硫酸钠干燥,M160型多功能净化柱净化。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的水和甲醇混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用多反应监测模式检测。11种真菌毒素的质量分数均在4.0μg·kg-1以内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在0.001~0.006ng之间。加标回收率在60.1%~95.2%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.2%~9.6%之间。     

食用菌中多种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定研究

建立了同时测定食用菌中19种氨基甲酸酯类农药(NMCs)残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)。通过丙酮和乙腈(85∶15,V/V)提取,GPC法和PSA固相萃取柱两种方法净化,UPLC-MS/MS同时测定蘑菇、香菇、木耳和牛肝菌中19种氨基甲酸酯类农药,同位素稀释法定量。以GPC法净化,回收率为74.0%～93.2%;以PSA固相萃取柱净化,回收率为70.2%～91.8%,两种方法的检出限均为0.01mg/kg。各种NMCs在确定的添加范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数R均大于0.99。所建立的检测方法实用、准确、灵敏度高。     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS快速测定茶叶中23种真菌毒素

建立了QuEChERS(Quick、Easy、Cheap、Effective、Rugged、Safe)-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Ultra-highperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定茶叶中23种真菌毒素的分析方法。样品经过二次提取,十八烷基键合硅胶吸附剂(C₁₈)净化,以ACQUITY UPLC^TM BEH C₁₈色谱柱分离,采用超高效液相色谱-质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式进行检测,外标法定量。在优化的条件下,23种真菌毒素在各自的线性响应范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.995,在五种茶叶基质的三个不同加标水平下平均回收率为70.2%～112%,相对偏差(RSD)为1.50%～11.6%(n=6),方法检出限为0.02～9.08μg·kg^-1。此方法具有分析速度快、稳定性好、灵敏度高的特点,能够满足5大类茶叶中23种真菌毒素的快速检测需求。     

杂质吸附型净化结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定谷物和动物饲料中37种霉菌毒素

建立了谷物和动物饲料中霉菌毒素的高效、快速前处理方法,可同时提取和净化样品中37种理化性质差异较大的霉菌毒素,并采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）进行定性和定量分析。样品粉碎处理后,经84%（体积分数,下同）乙腈水（含0.1%甲酸）溶液振荡提取20 min,MLJ-1杂质吸附型固相萃取柱净化。目标物在BEH RP18色谱柱上分离,以0.1 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液（含0.1%甲酸）和甲醇溶液（含0.1%甲酸）作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾正、负离子模式和多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,本方法可在1 min内完成样品净化处理,15 min内完成37种目标化合物的分离分析。37种目标物在各自线性范围内线性关系良好,基质匹配标准曲线的相关系数均大于0.98。除伏马毒素外的所有目标化合物在4个添加水平下的回收率介于80%~120%之间,相对标准偏差（RSD）<20%（n=5）,方法定量限为2~40 μg/kg,能够满足《饲料卫生标准》判定要求。该方法操作简单、快速、准确,适合谷物和动物饲料中多种霉菌毒素同步筛查和确证检测。     

Use of a multifunctional column for the determination of deoxynivalenol in grains, grain products, and processed foods

Deoxynivalenol (DON), also known as vomitoxin, belongs to a class of naturally occurring mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. DON, 12, 13-epoxy-3,7 trihydroxytrichothec-9-en-8-one, is one of the most frequently detected mycotoxins in agricultural commodities worldwide. A method consisting of extraction, filtration, column cleanup, and RP-HPLC-UV separation and quantitation was validated for the determination of DON in grains (rice and barley), grain products (whole wheat flour, white flour, wheat germ, and wheat bran), and processed foods (bread, breakfast cereals, and pretzels). A 25 g test portion was extracted with 100 mL acetonitrile-water (84 + 16, v/v). After blending for 3 min, the supernatant was applied to a multifunctional column (MycoSep 225). The purified filtrate (2 mL) was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in the mobile phase. The toxins were then subjected to RP-HPLC-UV analysis. The accuracy and repeatability characteristics of the method were determined. Recoveries of DON added at levels ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 microg/g for all test matrixes were from 75 to 98%. SD and RSD(r) ranged from 0.7 to 11.6% and 0.9 to 12.7%, respectively. Within-laboratory HorRat values were from 0.1 to 0.7 for all matrixes analyzed. The method was found to meet AOAC method performance criteria for grains, grain products, and processed foods. The identity of DON in naturally contaminated test sample extracts was confirmed by HPLC/MS/MS analysis.     

Development and in-house validation of a robust and sensitive solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal-based foods

A sensitive and robust liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2)), ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in cereal-based foods. Samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (84:16, v/v) and cleaned up through a polymeric solid-phase extraction column. Detection and quantification of the nine mycotoxins were performed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS), using fully (13)C-isotope-labelled mycotoxins as internal standards. The method was validated in-house for five different cereal processed products, namely barley, oat and durum wheat flours, rye- and wheat-based crisp bread. Recoveries and repeatability of the whole analytical procedure were evaluated at contamination levels encompassing the EU maximum permitted levels for each tested mycotoxin. Recoveries ranged from 89 to 108% for deoxynivalenol, from 73 to 114% for aflatoxins, from 85 to 114% for T-2 and HT-2 toxins, from 64 to 97% for zearalenone, from 74 to 102% for ochratoxin A. Relative standard deviations were less than 16% for all tested mycotoxins and matrices. Limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio 3:1) ranged from 0.1 to 59.2 μg/kg. The trueness of the results obtained by the proposed method was demonstrated by analysis of reference materials for aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone. The use of inexpensive clean-up cartridges and the increasing availability of less expensive LC/MS/MS instrumentation strengthen the potential of the proposed method for its effective application for reliable routine analysis to assess compliance of tested cereal products with current regulation.     

Determination of chlorantraniliprole residues in crops by liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry

An analytical method is presented for the determination of chlorantraniliprole residues in crops. Chlorantraniliprole residues were extracted from crop matrixes with acetonitrile after a water soak. The extracts were passed through a strong anion-exchange (SAX) SPE cartridge stacked on top of a reversed-phase (RP) polymer cartridge. After both cartridges were rinsed and vacuum-dried, the SAX cartridge was removed, and chlorantraniliprole was eluted from the RP polymer cartridge with acetonitrile. The acetonitrile eluate was evaporated to dryness, reconstituted, and analyzed using an LC/MS/MS instrument equipped with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source. The method was successfully validated at 0.010, 0.10, and 10 mg/kg for the following crop matrixes: potatoes, sugar beets (tops), lettuce, broccoli, soybeans, soybean forage, tomatoes, cucumbers, oranges, apples, pears, peaches, almonds (nutmeat), rice grain, wheat grain, wheat hay, corn stover, alfalfa forage, cottonseed, grapes, and corn grain. The average recoveries from all crop samples fortified at the method LOQ ranged from 91 to 108%, with an overall average recovery of 97%. The average recoveries from all crop samples fortified at 10 times the method LOQ ranged from 89 to 115%, with an overall average recovery of 101%. For all of the fortified control samples analyzed in this study, the overall average recovery was 99%.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定花生、粮油中18种真菌毒素

采用同位素稀释法并结合凝胶色谱净化技术,建立了花生、粮油中18种常见真菌毒素污染的超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析方法.样品中添加同位素内标U-[13C17]-黄曲霉毒素 B1和U-[13C15]-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,经乙腈-水溶液(84:16,体积比)均质提取,凝胶渗透色谱净化,Waters ACQUITY UPLCTM ...     

Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and Fusarium toxins in maize by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after multitoxin immunoaffinity cleanup

A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins (B(1), B(2), G(1), G(2)), ochratoxin A, fumonisins (B(1), B(2)), deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins in maize. A double extraction approach, using a phosphate-buffered solution followed by methanol, was applied to achieve effective co-extraction of the 11 mycotoxins under investigation having quite different polarities and chemical structures. A new multitoxin immunoaffinity column containing antibodies for all these mycotoxins was used to clean up the extract. Detection and quantification of the 11 mycotoxins were performed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) using, as chromatographic mobile phase, a linear gradient of methanol/water containing 0.5% acetic acid and 1 mM ammonium acetate. Method performances were quite satisfactory for all tested mycotoxins at contamination levels close to or below the relevant EU maximum permitted or recommended levels. Limits of detection in maize ranged from 0.3 to 4.2 microg/kg. Recoveries higher than 79% were obtained for all tested mycotoxins with relative standard deviations less than 13%.     

液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查与确证紫甘蓝中415种农药残留

应用液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(LC-QTOF/MS)建立了一次进样可同时对紫甘蓝中415种农药残留进行快速筛查和准确确证的分析方法。实验采用1%(v/v)醋酸乙腈溶液提取,无水硫酸镁和氯化钠进行盐析,ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm)分离,以0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液(含5 mmol/L乙酸铵)-乙腈为二元流动相进行梯度洗脱,应用LC-QTOF/MS在电喷雾电离、全离子MS/MS(All Ions MS/MS)扫描正模式下进行检测,基质匹配外标法定量分析。通过优化全自动MS/MS采集模式(Auto MS/MS)和全离子MS/MS采集模式下的不同参数,得到每种采集模式下的最佳条件。然后在2种不同采集模式的最佳条件下对比,最终选取All Ions MS/MS采集模式。实验结果表明,采用所建立的分析方法可以准确定性和定量筛查紫甘蓝中415种农药残留,所有415种农药在各自的范围内线性相关系数(r²)均大于0.990,其中411种农药的筛查限(SDL)≤5 μg/kg, 413种农药的定量限(LOQ)≤10 μg/kg。在1倍、2倍和10倍LOQ添加水平下,农药的回收率分别为65.7%~118.4%、72.0%~118.8%和70.2%~111.2%,相对标准偏差分别为0.9%~19.7%、0.2%~19.9%和0.6%~19.9%。将该方法应用于2019年欧盟能力验证项目的紫甘蓝样品中未知农药残留筛查方法和定量方法考核样的检测,所有添加农药均被准确定性筛查和定量检测,没有假阳性和假阴性。结果表明,该方法快速、准确、可靠,适用于对紫甘蓝中多种农药残留的高通量定性筛查和准确定量,可以扩展到其他果蔬基质中多农残的高通量筛查。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱对粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的快速筛查和确证

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱快速筛查和确证粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的方法。样品经乙腈（含2%（体积分数）甲酸）提取,用Captiva EMR-Lipid小柱净化,采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C₁₈柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.9 μm）分离,用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行分析。在全扫描模式下以分析物的保留时间和一级母离子信息实现快速筛查,以自动触发采集的二级碎片离子信息进行确证。结果显示,目标分析物在各自的质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（相关系数r²>0.99）,方法检出限为0.25~20 μg/kg,回收率为72.9%~117.8%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~15.2%（n=6）。该方法灵敏度高,结果准确、可靠,适用于粮谷产品中20种真菌毒素的快速筛查和确证。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定动物血浆中21种霉菌毒素或其代谢物残留

建立了同时检测动物血浆中黄曲霉毒素B1等21种霉菌毒素或其代谢物残留的液相色谱-串联质谱方法.动物血浆样品中加入0.1％甲酸-乙腈溶液、NaCl和无水MgSO4进行萃取,无水MgSO4和C18,PSA,A-AL对提取液进行脱水净化,经浓缩、复溶和离心后,再进行测定.采用反相C18色谱柱分离,以0.1％甲酸-0.5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液和0.1％甲酸-甲醇溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)多反应监测离子模式(MRM)进行检测,基质标准曲线外标法进行定量分析,线性范围在0.05 ～ 100 ng/mL之间,方法的定量限为0.05 ～0.5 ng/mL.在高、中、低3个添加浓度水平下,21种霉菌毒素的平均回收率为62.0％ ～ 116.4％,相对标准偏差小于19％.     

LC/MS confirmation of ionophores in animal feeds.

A liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) electrospray confirmation method has been developed to confirm 4 ionophores (monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, and narasin) in a variety of animal feeds using a single quadrupole mass spectrometer. The sodium ions of these compounds are dominant in the electrospray mass spectrum. Using optimized "in-source" collision induced dissociation, characteristic fragment ions seen previously using MS/MS can be observed. The drugs were extracted from the feed matrix using hexane-ethyl acetate and isolated using a silica solid-phase extraction cartridge. These ionophores were confirmed in both medicated feeds and nonmedicated feeds fortified with these drugs at the 1-50 ppm level. In addition, this method was used to confirm residues of monensin in a nonmedicated feed that was collected from a feed mill immediately after the production of a similar feed that was medicated with high levels of monensin.