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《影像科学与光化学》2015,(4)
为阻止纳米管钛酸在转变为新型锐钛矿TiO2时管状结构的破坏,先在纳米管钛酸的内、外表面化学吸附一层物质,用以保护纳米管钛酸在脱水转变为新型锐钛矿TiO2的过程中,管状结构不断裂、不塌陷,然后再除去表面的吸附物质,即可制得纯净的新型TiO2纳米管。新型TiO2纳米管有望应用于可见光"全"分解水制H2、药物缓释剂以及纳米反应器等研究。 相似文献
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以钛酸丁酯和季铵盐改性有机蒙脱石为原料,采用原位水解法和原位脱羟法制备了TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)表征了不同焙烧温度下TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的结构相变,并与不同焙烧温度下纯TiO2的结构相变进行对比。结果发现TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2从锐钛矿相开始转变为金红石的最低温度要比纯TiO2从锐钛矿开始相转变为金红石的最低温度高200℃,且在焙烧温度1 200℃时还存在锐钛矿相,而纯TiO2在焙烧温度800℃时就全部转换为金红石相。TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2和纯TiO2的平均晶粒度都随焙烧温度升高而增大,但TiO2/蒙脱石纳米复合物中TiO2的平均晶粒度要小于相同温度下焙烧纯TiO2的平均晶粒度。表明蒙脱石结构层的硅氧结构抑制了TiO2晶型由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,进而使相变温度升高,同时阻碍了晶体的生长。 相似文献
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在离子液体[Bmim]OH辅助的水热条件下合成了结晶度较好的偏钛酸纳米管,经470℃煅烧2 h,可转变为锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管.对产物的物相、形貌和比表面积等进行了表征.结果表明,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的比表面积约为355 m2/g,主孔径约为25 nm.锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管和偏钛酸纳米管均呈现出明显的紫外光催化降解对氯苯酚的活性,锐钛矿型TiO2纳米管的降解效率约为44%(1 h).离子液体的加入不仅可扩大水热合成的温度范围,且有助于提高偏钛酸纳米管的结晶度. 相似文献
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利用钛箔表面沉积一层TiO2纳米粒子作为晶种,与NaOH反应,通过改变反应温度制备了TiO2纳米管与纳米线.在170℃,48 h的条件下合成了TiO2纳米管.在180℃时得到另一种一维的TiO2纳米线.并用XRD,SEM,SAED,EDS及HRTEM等分析手段对两种产物的成分、形貌、结构进行表征.对TiO2纳米管电极的光电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明,TiO2纳米管与纳米线为锐钛矿型和金红石型的混晶结构.TiO2纳米管单色光的光电转化效率达到10.38%.与钛酸盐纳米管相比,混晶结构TiO2纳米管显示出优良的光电转化性能. 相似文献
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采用电化学阳极氧化技术,以含有NH4F和H2O的甘油溶液为电解液,在宽氧化电压范围(20~100V)下于纯钛表面制备了结构高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)考察了阳极氧化工艺(氧化电压、NH4F浓度、环境温度、水分含量等因素)及退火处理对纳米管形貌的影响;采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)表征了不同氧化电压和退火前后TiO2纳米管阵列的物相;并从电流-时间曲线出发简要地分析了纳米管阵列的形成机理。结果表明,纳米管的内外径和管长随氧化电压的增大而增大;NH4F浓度和环境温度对纳米管形貌有一定的影响;水分含量的多寡决定了能否在高电压下自组装形成纳米管阵列;TiO2纳米管阵列具有良好的热稳定性,管状形貌可以保持到700℃;直接制备的TiO2纳米管阵列均为无定型结构,经450℃退火处理后,无定型的TiO2纳米管转变为锐钛矿相,而600℃退火处理后,部分锐钛矿相转变为金红石相。 相似文献
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锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体的精细结构及其光催化降解苯酚的活性 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
摘要:以Ti(SO4)2·4H2O和尿素为原料,以聚乙二醇-1000为空间构
造剂,制备了不同粒径的具有高热稳定性的锐钛矿型纳米TiO2粉体,并
用XRD,BET和EXAFS技术对其晶相、粒径大小、比表面积及中心Ti原子
的K-边精细结构进行了表征,对其光催化降解苯酚反应的活性进行了
考察.结果表明,未经任何热处理的TiO2粉体即为锐钛矿型晶相,控制
焙烧温度可以达到控制其粒径及比表面积的目的.经850℃焙烧5h的样
品仍保持锐钛矿型晶相,未出现向金红石型晶相转变的迹象.随着纳米
TiO2晶粒的增大,Ti原子局域结构的有序度增强,边前结构A1,A2和A
3三个特征峰的强度增强,各壳层的配位数均呈增大的趋势.粒径处于
15~20nm的锐钛矿型TiO2粉体对光催化降解苯酚表现出较高的活性. 相似文献
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焙烧温度对纳米级SO4^2-/TiO2固体超强酸性能的影响 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10
用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO4^2-/TiO2固体超强酸,考查了焙烧温度对酸强度、比表面积、红外光谱及其催化活性的影响.结果显示该催化剂在450℃焙烧3h,可以形成纳米级SO4^2-/TiO2固体超强酸的结构,用该催化剂催化乙酸和丁醇酯化反应可使酯化率达到98.4%。 相似文献
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The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted
indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator
model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was
established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing
analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom.
Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997. 相似文献
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Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared. 相似文献
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Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position. 相似文献
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面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。 相似文献
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Stepkowska E. T. Perez-Rodriguez J. L. Jimenez de Haro M. C. Sayagues M. J. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2002,69(1):187-204
Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, Mo, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations
were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples
were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of
hematite Fe2O3. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the
best fitting experimental data.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献