国家一流专业建设背景下“赛教融合”的高分子化学实验教学改革与实践

安徽建筑大学高分子材料与工程专业2021年获评国家级一流本科专业建设点,对本专业人才培养能力提出了更高的要求。高分子化学实验是高分子专业核心课程,是该专业重要的实践环节。全国大学生高分子材料实验实践大赛作为高分子领域的实验技能大赛,对学生多方面能力都进行了培养、锻炼与提升。课题组从引进合理竞争,与企业联合打造校内实验大赛、构建比赛与常规实验实践教学融合的课程体系以及细化实验过程考核+变革实验运行方式等三方面形成了“赛教融合”的高分子化学实验教学模式,以提升高分子化学实验教学效果,满足一流专业建设的要求。     

高分子化学创新教学与一流课程建设

基于学情分析与独立思考,根据提高人才培养质量需要,在"以学生为中心、注重学生兴趣与能力,特别是可持续发展能力及创新能力培养"的教学思想指导下,针对高分子化学课程教学过程中的一些重点、难点、"痛点"问题,以及学生学习过程存在的一些短板问题,包括高分子化学课程特有的问题,所有工科专业课程共有的问题,以及所有大学课程都有的问题等,从"革新思想、优化内容、改进方法、更新手段、加强综合、增进渗透"等方面系统性地进行创新教学实践,取得了一系列成果,并将课程建设成为省级一流课程.     

《高分子结构与性能的现代测试技术》教材的建设

为了提升化学学科本硕贯通高层次人才的培养质量,我们编写了实验课程“现代化学实验与技术”教材——《高分子结构与性能的现代测试技术》。本教材构建了本硕贯通实验课程教学的新模式,体现出夯实专业基础知识、面向高分子学科前沿性科学研究、注重“个性化”培养学生科研实践能力以及通识性和实用性的特色。     

“Polymer Materials Science and Engineering”在线课程建设体会

全英文课程建设是拓展国际化办学领域的一个新举措,是提高留学生质量的一个重要方面。高分子材料科学与工程专业课程内容涉及面广,包括高分子化学、高分子物理、聚合物制备工程、聚合物加工工程、材料研究方法、模具设计等多方面的知识。"Polymer Materials Science and Engineering"在线课程,将上述内容中的共性问题进行提升凝练,综合了高分子物理、高分子化学、聚合物加工等核心专业课程的精华,面向硕士研究生和留学生开设,特别是针对国际学生的公共选修课程进行建设,采用全英文授课,对核心内容进行了弹性设计。本文介绍了"Polymer Materials Science and Engineering"在线课程建设过程中的体会以及课程特点、实施过程、教学效果及经验体会。     

Teaching System Construction of Polymer Chemistry Experiment and its Function on Training Creative Applying Talents

高分子化学是材料化学专业重要的技术基础课,是一门以实验为基础的学科,因此,高分子化学实验是高分子科研和高分子教学的重要组成部分,是学生在掌握高分子化学的基础上,学习高分子合成的各种实验技术、聚合实施方法,培养学生进行高分子材料研究和技术开发的基本能力。从市场就业对高分子材料方向的人才需求出发,以培养创新性应用型人才为目标,通过开展实验技术讲座、改进基础性实验为综合性实验和设计性实验、增加研究性实验对高分子化学实验教学体系进行了改革,实验内容体现材料的应用性和工程价值,培养了学生的创新能力、工程实践能力。     

《聚合物成型加工》课程教学改革初探

<聚合物成型加工>作为本科院校高分子材料与工程专业的必修专业课程,在教学过程中要坚持理论教学和实践教学两手抓,既要使学生掌握一定的理论基础,又要培养学生的实践应用能力.针对本校的培养"应用型人才"的培养方针,围绕聚合物成型加工课程的理论基础,我们在实践教学体系改革的过程中,改变了原有独立的、缺乏直接联系的实验内容,建立...     

“化学海洋学实验”课程的建设和教学实践

作为海洋化学专业的实践课程,“化学海洋学实验”已在很多高校开设,但该课程目前在授课内容、教学大纲和教学方法等方面尚未统一。在分析了该课程目前存在问题的基础上,介绍了中国海洋大学相关课程教学团队在该实验课程建设方面采取的措施,包括更新了课程的设计理念,调整、充实了实验内容,编写了实验教材,并介绍了学生通过学习该课程得到的锻炼和可以达到的学习目的。该课程的建设经验和教学实践对于课程的推广应用,以及培养知识结构合理、实践能力强的海洋人才,具有重要的作用。     

高分子材料加工实验一体化建设与实践

为了更好地培养学生的实践能力和科研能力,池州学院化学与材料工程学院对高分子材料加工实验进行整合和改革,从加强基础实验教学、优化实验项目、强化学生主体性及相应的考核机制四个方面入手,对高分子材料专业加工实验进行了一体化项目建设并开展教学实践。强化了学生的实际实验操作技能,提高了教科研项目中学生的参与度,培养了学生的科研能力。基本达到和实现了实验教学改革设定的目标。文章同时总结了在一体化项目教学实践中遇到的一些问题,并提出了教科研相结合的深化改革方向。     

高分子实验教学改革的几点探索

高分子实验课程是高分子化学和高分子物理课程教学的一种有效的实践教学形式,通过这一环节的学习和实践,可以使学生进一步巩固高分子的基本概念和理论。本文介绍了在高分子实验教学中的几点探索性改革措施,在开设原有验证性实验的基础上,增设了设计性和综合性实验。设计性实验的特点是实验方案的灵活多样;综合性实验则偏重高分子化学和高分子物理两门课程知识点的结合。实践证明,这些改革可有效激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生的动手能力和创新意识,是培养学生综合素质的重要途径。     

高分子化学课程教学改革与实践初探

高分子化学是高分子材料专业最重要的专业技术基础课之一,既包含了理论基础知识,又注重实验教学。《高分子化学》作为贵州大学高分子材料与工程专业的主干课之一,作者针对高分子化学课程教学内容多、概念多、推导多、关联多等问题,对高分子化学教学现状进行了分析,从教学体系、教学内容、教学方法、考核方式、教材编写等多个方面提出了课程教学改革的一些见解。实践表明,高分子化学课程教学改革与实践探索在激发学生兴趣,提高学生的综合能力上已经初见成效。     

Construction of Hydrocarbon Nanobelts

Linearly fused hydrocarbon nanobelts are a unique type of double‐stranded macrocycles that would serve as not only the powerful hosts in supramolecular science but also the templates to grow zig‐zag carbon nanotubes with defined diameters. Fully conjugated hydrocarbon nanobelts such as belt[n]arenes would also possess unique physical and chemical properties. Despite the importance, both fully conjugated and (partially) saturated hydrocarbon nanobelts remain largely unexplored because of the lack of cyclization methods. Reported here is the construction of nanometer sized H₁₂‐belt[12]arenes based on the strategy to close up all fjords of resorcin[6]arene by means of six‐fold intramolecular alkylation reactions of resorcin[6]arene derivatives. All resulting H₁₂‐belt[12]arenes produce a very similar nanobelt core structure with six benzene rings and six boat 1,4‐cyclohexadiene rings being alternately linear‐fused to give a nearly equilateral hexagonal cylinder. The average long diagonal is around 1 nm and the height of the cylinder is about 0.3 nm. The acquired H₁₂‐belt[12]arenes would be the potential precursors to various hydrocarbon nanobelts including fully conjugated belt[12]arenes.     

Construction of the Tricyclo

Histrionicotoxin derivatives have long been attractive targets for synthetic chemists as a result of their useful neurophysical properties, low natural abundance, and the unique structural features of the azaspiro[5.5]undecane ring system. Utilizing our tandem pinacol rearrangement-ene strategy and regiospecific Baeyer-Villiger oxidation as key steps, we have successfully synthesized an advanced synthetic intermediate, spiro[5.4]decane 4, which has previously been converted to (+/-)-perhydrohistrionicotoxin (5b). Pinacol rearrangement of simple Diels-Alder derived bicyclo[2.2.2]octene system 2a, followed by an ene reaction, led to the efficient formation of the highly fuctionalized tricyclo[5.3.1.0(1,5)]undecane system 1a. This tricyclic system 1a was selectively transformed into spiro[5. 4]decane system 4 via a regiospecific Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reaction. We also report the results of systematic studies of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation reactions of tricyclo[5.3.1.0(1, 5)]undecanone systems to elucidate the origin of the regioselectivity of this process.     

Construction of orthogonal subspaces

An orthogonalization procedure is presented that allows construction of at least (n?m) vectors orthogonal to {X_j}, j equals; 1, m, by linear combinations solely among {η_i}, i equals; 1, n, n>m, and 〈X_j/η_i〉≠0. An important application of the procedure is in effective core potential methods for which valence orbitals can be constructed that are orthogonal to the core orbitals and yet involve no component of the core. Thus, a separate calculation for only the valence electrons can be performed without any explicit reference to the core electrons (orbitals).     

Construction of Heterometallic Cubanes

Incorporation of M(CO)(3) fragments by trinuclear Ti complexes [{Ti(3)Cp(μ(3)-CR)}(μ-O)(3)] and [{Ti(3)Cp(μ(3)-N)}(μ-NH)(3)] (Cp*=eta(5)-C(5)Me(5)) leads to the formation of an unprecedented class of heterometallic clusters with cubane structure [e.g., Eq. (a)]. Density functional calculations on these complexes indicate the existence of electron delocalization in the Ti(3)M cores (M=Cr, Mo, W).     

Construction of benzene ring-layered polymers

A simple and novel approach for synthesizing the benzene ring-layered polymers using [2.2]paracyclophane and xanthene skeletons was demonstrated. Palladium-catalyzed polymerization of pseudo-p-diethynyl[2.2]paracyclophane 1, 2,7-di-tert-butyl-4,5-diiodo-9,9-dimethylxanthene 2, and ethynylferrocene 3 gave the corresponding polymers 4a-c, which composed of 7-30 face-to-face benzene rings by changing the feed ratio of 1-3.     

Spectroskope neuer Construction

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Laboratory Construction of Copper-Selective Electrode

Copper ion selective electrode was constructed and the performance of membranes prepared from different methods was compared. Removal of oxygen from the system in the preparation of electrode membrane was suggested. The behavior of the membrane, the working concentration range, response time, internal filling solution and treatment of the electrode were discussed.     

Enantioselective Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters

The stereoselective formation of C-C bonds is of great importance for the synthesis of enantiomerically pure natural products and pharmaceuticals. A broad repertoire of chiral auxiliaries, reagents, and catalysts can be utilized for the reliable generation of tertiary stereocenters. In contrast, the synthesis of organic compounds with quaternary stereocenters is a much more demanding and challenging task. Every enantioselective synthetic method can demonstrate its value through the generation of a fully substituted carbon center. In this Minireview examples of newer stoichiometric and catalytic methods are summarized which have proved their suitability for the enantioselective construction of quaternary stereocenters.