纳米结构导电聚合物材料研究进展

具有纳米结构的导电聚合物因其诱人的应用前景越来越引起人们的重视。本文综述了聚苯胺、聚吡咯以及聚噻吩等导电聚合物的零维、一维、二维以及三维纳米结构的合成方法,并介绍了聚合物纳米结构的表征以及研究现状和应用前景。参考文献60篇。     

导电聚合物基电致变色器件的研究进展

导电聚合物作为电致变色活性材料是目前最有应用前景的智能材料之一。本文概述了电致变色器件的基本结构和导电聚合物的电致变色机理,着重介绍了多种导电聚合物基电致变色器件的特点、组成及制备,并展望了未来电致变色器件的发展及应用趋势。     

聚合物固体电解质研究进展

本文概述近十几年来聚合物固体电解质材料开发研究的状况,包括线型高分子、为改进性能而发展起来的枝型、梳型及交联型高分子,并对高分子与金属盐络合的离子聚合物结构和性能作了描述。阐述了高分子固体电解质的导电行为、导电模型及导电机理。对聚合物固体电解质的各种应用作了介绍并简要讨论了高分子固体电解质的发展趋向及前景。     

导电聚合物的电化学制备及其应用研究进展

导电聚合物由于具有结构特殊、环境稳定性好、成本低廉等优点而成为科学领域中极具应用前景的新型材料。本文综述了采用电化学聚合方法制备导电聚合物材料的国内外研究状况。电化学聚合方法是此类材料重要的制备方法之一。基于该方法的最新研究进展,本文系统地归纳了导电聚合物的恒电位法、恒电流法、动电位法、脉冲法等电化学聚合方法,并展望了导电聚合物纳米材料在超级电容器、太阳能电池、锂离子电池、电催化等领域的应用前景。     

导电聚合物的纳米结构及其在生物医学领域的应用

由于表面效应、小尺寸效应和量子效应,使纳米结构的导电聚合物材料与传统聚合物材料相比,显示出更优越的性能。基于神经组织对电场和电刺激敏感性,使得导电聚合物纳米材料在生物医学应用方面很有前景。本文综述了纳米结构的导电聚合物的合成方法,及其在生物医学领域的应用。合成方法主要关注于硬模板法、软模板法和无模板自组装法,以及这些方法中导电聚合物纳米结构的形成机理。总结了具有纳米结构的导电聚合物,如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维和纳米管等作为神经电极涂层材料和生物传感器等方面的应用。     

电化学聚合吡咯/噻吩导电共聚物纳米纤维阵列及其表征

导电聚合物因其具有良好的空气稳定性、电化学成膜性和导电性等特点,在二次电池、电色显示及固体电容器等方面都有诱人的应用前景.近年来人们研究导电聚合物的纳米结构时发现,由于超分子效应,纳米纤维中聚合物链会以平行于纤维轴向为优先取向,这种优先取向使导电聚合物纳米纤维的电导率比块材有极大提高.     

本征导电聚合物开发的最新进展

本征导电聚合物是一种新型功能高分子材料 ,因具有独特的化学、电化学和光学性能 ,在能源、电磁屏蔽和电致发光等领域有着广阔的应用前景 .本文扼要综述本征导电聚合物的开发现状和目前存在的问题 ,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望     

导电聚合物超级电容器电极材料*

导电聚合物（聚苯胺,聚吡咯,聚噻吩）作为超级电容器电极材料的研究引起了人们广泛的兴趣,该类材料制备的超级电容器具有成本低、容量高、充放电时间短、环境友好和安全性高等优点。本文综述了近年来基于导电聚合物及其与无机材料（碳材料/金属氧化物材料）复合所得电极材料在超级电容器中的应用进展,指出具有纳米结构导电聚合物材料及导电聚合物与无机纳米材料的复合是超级电容器电极材料研究的重要发展方向。     

基于导电聚合物吡咯膜的生物电化学传感研究

导电聚合物可以与纳米尺寸的生物分子形成纳米复合物,在生物催化传感器的设计中,聚吡咯(Ppy)是应用最为广泛的一种导电聚合物,这种聚合物膜具有良好的导电性、选择性、稳定性、灵敏性以及生物相容性,很容易用于纳米尺寸生物分子的固定,并展示独特的催化和亲合特性.文章主要讨论了氧化还原酶在Ppy界面上的电子传递,提出了Ppy在免疫传感器、DNA传感器以及分子印迹技术领域中的最新应用及存在的问题,并对导电聚合物在未来分子技术中的发展进行了展望.     

导电聚合物微米/纳米管的研究进展

介绍了模板及非模板法制备导电聚合物微米 /纳米管的基本合成方法 :详细地分析了影响导电聚合物微米 /纳米管形成的因素 ;对导电聚合物微米 /纳米管的特性及影响因素进行了讨论。     

Conformation Control of Conjugated Polymers

In the past few decades, conjugated polymers have aroused extensive interest in organic electronic applications. The electrical performance of conjugated polymers has a close relationship with their backbone conformation. The conformation of the polymer backbone strongly affects the πelectron delocalization along polymer chains, the energy band gap, interchain interactions, and further affects charge transport properties. To realize a rigid coplanar backbone that usually possesses efficient intrachain charge transport properties and enhanced π–π stackings, such conformation control becomes a useful strategy to achieve high-performance (semi)conducting polymers. This minireview summarizes the most important polymer structures through conformation control at the molecular level, and then divides these rigid coplanar conjugated polymers into three categories: 1) noncovalent interactions locked conjugated polymers; 2) double-bond linked conjugated polymers; 3) ladder conjugated polymers. The effect of the conformation control on physical nature, optoelectronic properties, and their device performance is also discussed, as well as the challenges of chemical synthesis and structural characterization.     

二次锂电池聚合物正极材料研究进展

近几十年,二次锂电池作为重要的储能装置得到迅猛发展,而开发高性能的锂电池电极材料一直是电化学能源领域的研究热点之一。与传统无机正极材料相比,聚合物正极材料具有比容量高、柔软性好、廉价易得、环境友好、加工方便、可设计性强等诸多优点。本文综述了导电聚合物、共轭羰基聚合物以及含硫聚合物正极材料的结构特点、电极反应机理、电化学性能和近五年来的重大研究进展,总结了这三类聚合物电极材料的优缺点,并重点介绍了含硫聚合物电极材料中存在的问题及改进手段,最后提出了综合这三类聚合物优点的含硫共轭导电聚合物将会是该领域的研究方向。     

导电聚合物的电化学制备和电化学性质研究——中国科学院有机固体重点实验室导电聚合物电化学研究工作简介(I)

简要介绍本研究组自上世纪80年代以来在导电聚合物的电化学制备和电化学性质研究中取得的一些主要成果,包括吡咯电化学聚合条件的影响、电化学聚合反应机理及其反应动力学、导电聚吡咯的两种掺杂结构及其两步电化学氧化还原过程和电化学过氧化的机理、导电聚苯胺的电化学性质、导电聚合物稳定性的电化学解释等等.     

Conjugated Polymers Atypically Prepared in Water

Processability remains a fundamental issue for the implementation of conducting polymer technology. A simple synthetic route towards processable precursors to conducting polymers (main chain and side chain) was developed using commercially available materials. These soluble precursor systems were converted to conjugated polymers electrochemically in aqueous media, offering a cheaper and greener method of processing. Oxidative conversion in aqueous and organic media each produced equivalent electrochromics. The precursor method enhances the yield of the electrochromic polymer obtained over that of electrodeposition, and it relies on a less corruptible electrolyte bath. However, electrochemical conversion of the precursor polymers often relies on organic salts and solvents. The ability to achieve oxidative conversion in brine offers a less costly and a more environmentally friendly processing step. It is also beneficial for biological applications. The electrochromics obtained herein were evaluated for electronic, spectral, and morphological properties.     

Conducting polythiophenes with a broad spectrum of reactive groups

The development of reliable and reproducible chemistries for the immobilization of biomolecules to a conducting polymer is a key challenge in the design and preparation of a CP‐based biosensor. In this article, the syntheses and electropolymerization of a series of new 3‐alkylthiophene derivatives functionalized with the most used reactive groups in immobilization chemistry, including maleimide, azide, and anhydride, are described. Despite the nucleophilic or electrophilic nature of the reactive groups, the synthesized thiophene monomers exhibit rather good polymerizability, and the reactive groups withstand the polymerization conditions and are correctly incorporated into the resulting electroactive polymers. The reactivity of the pendant reactive groups of the resulting polymers to attach biomolecules has been examined with different redox‐active, photoactive compounds as well as recognition elements as model compounds. It has been confirmed that with well‐established procedures developed for the immobilization of enzymes, the model compounds can be easily and selectively bound onto these new conducting polymers without the loss of their optical and electrochemical activity. Therefore, these conductive materials with a broad spectrum of reactive groups will provide a useful platform for developing CP‐based biosensors for a wide range of applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4547–4558, 2005     

Polyfluorenes: Twenty years of progress

Polyfluorenes are an important class of electroactive and photoactive materials. In the last three years this research field has literally exploded because of polyfluorenes' exceptional electrooptical properties for applications in light‐emitting diodes. This is the only family of conjugated polymers that emit colors spanning the entire visible range with high efficiency and low operating voltage. Other unusual optical and electrical properties are made possible with polyfluorene derivatives, such as thermochromism and conducting base‐doped polyelectrolytes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2867–2873, 2001     

Application of Conducting Polymers in Chemical Analysis

This paper presents recent achievements in the field of analytical application of conducting polymers, most of which were published in the last five years. Based on 171 references mainly to original papers in international scientific journals, the applications of conducting polymers in the design of electrochemical and optical sensors, enzymatic biosensors and immunosensors are reviewed together with applications in analytical preconcentration procedures and high-performance separation techniques.     

Applications of Inorganic Polymeric Materials II: Polysilanes

Polysilanes which cover one of the most attractive and challenging fields, are high molecular weight polymers with inorganic elements in their backbone. These materials have silicon atoms in their main chain and exhibit unique properties resulting from the easy delocalization of sigma electrons in the Si─Si bonds. There are many technical uses as well as applications of these materials such as precursors of silicon carbide ceramics; a strengthening agent in porous ceramic; imaging materials in microlithography; photoiniting in radical reactions; and photoconducting, conducting, and semiconducting which are due to the unusual mobility of sigma electrons. In this work, the main structural features, properties, and some other important and recent applications of polysilanes are discussed.     

Electroconductive Green Metal-polyaniline Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Application in Sensors

Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively used conducting polymer due to its fascinating properties including conducting, thermal, optical, magnetic and electrochemical properties, simple synthesis procedure and low cost of monomer. It has attracted major attention in a variety of applications including electrochemical sensors, catalysts, supercapacitors and biosensors. However, its limitations such as insolubility in common solvents, low process-ability and poor mechanical properties have led to the development of new approaches to improve it properties. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) such as silver, gold, copper and palladium have been combined with PANI to improve on its properties which has led to a new class of materials known as metal/PANI nanocomposites. These hybrid nanocomposites incorporate advantages of both MNPs and polymers which effectively improves the properties of the individual materials. Various synthesis techniques including in situ polymerization, ɤ-radiolysis, electrodeposition, complexation, vacuum deposition and interfacial polymerization have been used in the formation of metal/PANI nanocomposites. These nanocomposites have been used in various sensor and biosensor applications due to their excellent conductivity, ease of synthesis, excellent redox potentials, chemical and thermal stability. This review highlights the various metal/PANI nanocomposites, their various synthesis techniques and their application in sensors and biosensors. The importance of these nanocomposites in sensing and signaling various toxic heavy metals such as mercury, lead and silver and toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and chloroform has been discussed. In addition the review covers the applications of metal/PANI nanocomposites in biosensor systems for the detection of glucose, DNA, protein, cholesterol, drugs and hydrogen peroxide.