催化裂化过程中含硫化合物转化规律的研究

选择丁硫醚、叔丁硫醚、四氢噻吩和乙基苯基硫醚作为模化合物,在模拟固定床催化裂化微反装置上考察含硫化合物转化和分布规律,在催化裂化过程中,烷基硫醚可以完全转化,转化产物为硫化氢,反应条件对转化程度没有明显影响;环状含硫化合物的转化程度与反应条件、溶剂性质有关,转化产物主要为硫化氢和汪量噻吩,生产的噻吩可进一步发生烷基化反应,反应温度升高,溶剂供氢能力增强,硫化氢的收率增加;乙基苯基硫醚也可以完全转化,转化产物主要为硫化氢和苯硫酚,生成的苯硫酚可进一步发生烷基化反应,反应温度升高,溶剂供氢能力增强,硫化氢的收率增加。     

TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究（英文）

采用热重-质谱法(TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法(Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为:十四硫醇二丁基硫醚二甲基噻吩苯并噻吩苯硫醚二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO2;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H2S。且热解气中SO2含量要显著高于H2S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO2的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H2S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H2S逸出。     

TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究

采用热重-质谱法( TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法( Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为：十四硫醇>二丁基硫醚>二甲基噻吩>苯并噻吩>苯硫醚>二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO2;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H2 S。且热解气中SO2含量要显著高于H2 S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO2的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H2 S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H2 S逸出。     

TG-MS与Py-GC相结合法研究惰性气氛下含硫模型化合物热解过程中硫的脱除及释放行为研究

采用热重-质谱法(TG-MS)和热解-气相色谱法(Py-MS)相结合的方法对模型化合物(十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚、苯硫醚、二甲基噻吩、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩等)在惰性气氛下硫的脱除及释放行为进行研究。惰性气氛下硫的脱除顺序为:十四硫醇>二丁基硫醚>二甲基噻吩>苯并噻吩>苯硫醚>二苯并噻吩,苯硫醚除外,该顺序与含硫官能团的热分解顺序一致。在热解过程中,所有模型化合物在质谱和气相色谱仪上均被检测到SO₂;除苯硫醚和二苯并噻吩外,其他模型化合物中均检测到了COS;而只在十四硫醇、二丁基硫醚和二甲基噻吩中检测到了H₂S。且热解气中SO₂含量要显著高于H₂S和COS。这是由于活性炭作载体时,惰性气氛下内部氢的含量显著小于内部氧的含量,所以大多数的含硫自由基易与内部氧结合以SO₂的形式逸出。对于苯硫醚、苯并噻吩和二苯并噻吩中没有检测到H₂S,是由于内部氢的不足,使得含硫自由基不能与内部氢结合,所以没有检测到H₂S逸出。     

改性纳米HZSM-5催化剂上噻吩转化反应的研究

采用脉冲微反色谱研究了噻吩在不同方法制备的四种纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上的催化转化,并利用色质联用技术对反应产物定性.结果表明,在370℃下,噻吩在各种催化剂上除了脱硫生成硫化氢以外,还生成少量2-甲基噻吩、3-甲基噻吩和苯并噻吩等新的硫化物.噻吩转化率和脱硫率受反应气氛和催化剂酸度影响很大.氢气气氛比氮气气氛有利于提高噻吩转化率和脱硫率.临氢作用的实质是气相中的分子氢被催化剂上的L酸活化向噻吩裂化脱硫反应供氢.通过改性适当降低催化剂上的B酸中心数量和强度,增加L酸的比例,有利于发挥临氢作用.     

烃基-3-噻吩硫醚的合成

噻吩与溴、锌粉依次发生取代,还原反应生成3-溴噻吩。在-70℃,3-溴噻吩与n-丁基锂反应后,再依次加入硫粉、卤代烃,在常温下分别反应1．5、2．5、2．5、3、3和3．5 h,分别合成甲基-3-噻吩硫醚、乙基-3-噻吩硫醚、丙基-3-噻吩硫醚、丁基-3-噻吩硫醚、烯丙基-3-噻吩硫醚和异丙基-3-噻吩硫醚,收率分别为82％、74％、71％、70％、73%和49％。这些化合物结构都通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS测试技术进行了表征,并对其进行了初步香味评价。结果表明,它们都具有肉香味的特征。     

高分散铁系催化剂对煤加压低温热解过程中硫元素迁移影响（英文）

选取镜质组含量高的白石湖煤为研究对象,考察了高分散铁催化剂及热解气氛对煤加压低温热解过程中硫元素迁移影响。采用GC-SCD和FT-ICR MS研究了热解焦油中含硫化合物分子组成,采用XANES研究了热解半焦中硫分子结构。结果表明,白石湖煤中的硫化物主要是煤主体结构中侧链的S1类。催化剂中的单质硫助剂在热解过程中部分会进入焦油中形成硫醇或硫醚化合物。高分散铁系催化剂能活化煤中的氢原子,促进焦油中芳香硫化物的氢化饱和及裂解。该催化剂优先捕获硫化氢,增加了焦炭中黄铁矿的含量,抑制了半焦中硫酸盐的生成。在H_2气氛和高分散铁系催化剂的作用下,噻吩类化合物明显减少,亚砜类化合物减少。     

煤加氢液化研究—模型化合物的加氢裂解

在快速升温和冷却的共振搅拌反应管中,以四氢萘为溶剂,进行了六种模型化合物的加氢裂解试验。反应条件如下:反应温度300—450℃,氢初压3.0—9.0MPa,表观反应时间5—45 min。试验结果表明,这六种化合物加氢裂解稳定性顺序为:二苯甲烷>二苯醚>二苯乙烷>苯基苄基醚>二苄基硫醚和二苄基二硫醚。裂解为一级反应,根据试验结果计算了苯基苄基醚和二苯乙烷的表观反应速度常数和活化能,前者ΔE 为83.9 kJ/mol,后者ΔE 为150kJ/mol。提高氢初压,使用预硫化的Mo-Ni 催化剂、Y 型和5A 型分子筛或添加易裂解化合物作自由基引发剂对模型化合物的加氢裂解均有利。     

哈密煤温和液化固体产物热解过程中硫的变迁规律

利用固定床反应器研究了哈密煤温和液化固体产物(MLS)在热解过程中含硫气体的释放规律以及不同形态硫的变迁规律,并分析了矿物质对硫变迁规律的影响。结果表明,在实验考察的条件范围内,MLS热解过程中大部分的硫残留在半焦中,仅有不到10%的硫迁移到焦油中或转化为含硫气体逸出。热解生成的含硫气体以H2S为主,当热解温度为400℃时H2S的逸出速率达到最大。通过改进方法测定了M LS及其热解半焦中各种形态硫的含量,发现M LS热解过程中以硫化物硫和有机硫的分解和转化为主。随着热解温度的升高,MLS中有机硫逐渐分解并以含硫气体的形式逸出;当热解温度低于600℃时,M LS中硫化物硫逐渐转化为含硫气体、有机硫和少量的黄铁矿硫;当热解温度高于600℃时,M LS中碱性矿物质吸收气相中的H2S转化为硫化物硫,硫化物硫缓慢增加。醋酸酸洗可以保留M LS中大部分的硫化物硫,且酸洗后M LS热解生成的H2S逸出速率增大,峰温向低温方向移动;当热解温度高于600℃时,有机硫和硫化物硫的脱硫反应速率降低,并且M LS中的碱性矿物质与H2S反应生成金属硫化物,导致H2S逸出速率明显降低。     

高硫煤加氢热解脱硫的研究Ⅰ.热解与加氢热解脱硫的对比

以兖州烟煤和红庙褐煤为考察对象，在加压固定床上压力为３ＭＰａ，温度从３５０～６５０℃范围内，研究了加氢热解以及氮气下热解过程中硫在半焦、焦油中的含量以及脱硫率和硫分布的变迁规律。实验表明，加氢热解比氮气下热解有着更好的脱硫作用，有利于降低半焦中的硫含量。这种脱硫作用随煤种的不同而不同，尤其受到煤中矿物质的显著影响。因此红庙煤加氢热解焦油中硫含量显著降低，半焦的硫含量随温度的升高，先逐渐降低然后增加；而兖州煤一直呈下降趋势。ＸＲＤ分析表明，红庙煤在加氢热解条件下，碱性矿物质与Ｈ２Ｓ反应而产生的硫化物主要是ＦｅＳ和ＣａＳ。从兖州煤的脱硫率曲线可以得出，加氢热解不仅有利于易分解脂肪类含硫化合物的脱除，而且可以促使难分解噻吩芳香类含硫化合物的脱除。     

Plasma-Chemical Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Atmosphere of Methane with Addition of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> and O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Plasma-chemical conversion of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere of methane with addition of CO₂ and O₂ in the nonequilibrium plasma of barrier discharge is studied. The degree of hydrogen sulfide removal reaches 97 vol%. The degree of methane transformation does not exceed 14 vol%. Gaseous reaction products contain hydrogen, carbon oxides, and C₂–C₄ hydrocarbons. The energy consumption for the removal of hydrogen sulfide ranges from 84 to 182 eV molecule^?1. The process is accompanied by the formation of deposits on the surface of reactor electrodes. The composition of deposits is studied. Organic linear and cyclic polysulfides, as well as sulfones of various structures are identified in soluble components of deposits. Based on the experimental data and the results of theoretical estimates, a radical chain reaction mechanism is proposed. It is shown that the formation of polysulfide compounds with terminal alkyl and oxygen-containing groups is provided by the reactions between atomic oxygen, SH, and alkyl radical which were formed in the initial stages of processes in the non-equilibrium plasma of barrier discharge.     

Thiophene Hydrogenation to Tetrahydrothiophene over Tungsten Sulfide Catalysts

Independent reactions of thiophene reduction to tetrahydrothiophene and thiophene hydrogenolysis to form hydrogen sulfide and C₄ hydrocarbons are shown to occur over supported tungsten sulfide catalysts and unsupported tungsten sulfide at an elevated temperature and a high pressure. The highest rate of tetrahydrothiophene formation over the supported catalysts is observed when alumina was used as a support, and the lowest reaction rate is found when silica gel was used as a support. Both catalysts are less active than unsupported tungsten disulfide. The rate of thiophene hydrogenation over tungsten disulfide increases with increasing thiophene concentration and hydrogen pressure and is inhibited by tetrahydrothiophene. The selectivity to tetrahydrothiophene is constant (70–90%) in the whole range up to high thiophene conversions. The high selectivity over tungsten sulfide catalysts is suggested to be due to the reaction pathway through thiophene protonation mediated with the surface SH groups and to the inhibition of hydrogenolysis.     

Kinetic Study of Catalytic Hydrogenation of Thiophene on a Palladium Sulfide Catalyst

The kinetics of thiophene hydrogenation on a palladium sulfide catalyst is studied at high hydrogen pressures. The reaction mainly occurs via the consecutive scheme: the reaction of thiophene with hydrogen results in the formation of tetrahydrothiophene, which partially decomposes under the action of hydrogen to yield butane and hydrogen sulfide. A kinetic model describing the reaction rates and the selectivity to tetrahydrothiophene at 0.2–3.0 MPa and 493–533 K is proposed. The rate constants and activation energies are determined. The effect of temperature and pressure on the maximal yield of tetrahydrothiophene is examined.     

Preparation and synthetic utility of cyclopropyl phenyl sulfides

Primary alkyl halides and epoxides react with 1-lithiocyclopropyl phenyl sulfide to give derivatives suitable for transformation to carbonyl compounds or for desulfurization.     

Facile oxygenation of organic sulfides with H2O2 catalyzed by Mn-Me3TACN compounds

Two binuclear Mn-Me₃TACN (Me₃TACN is 1,4,7-N,N′,N″-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) compounds catalyze the oxygenation of organic sulfides utilizing H₂O₂ under ambient conditions. Both phenyl sulfide and ethyl phenyl sulfide were converted to the corresponding sulfones and chloroethyl phenyl sulfide proceeds to its elimination product of phenyl vinyl sulfone.     

The S2 emission characteristics of several organic sulfur compounds obtained by molecular emission cavity analysis and pyrolysis

Emission profiles of several organic sulfur compounds are investigated by modified molecular emission cavity analysis (MECA). Thiourea, 1,3-diethylthiourea, S-methyl- cysteine and taurine are pyrolyzed in a hydrogen stream and the pyrolytic products are determined by gas chromatography. The S₂ emission mechanism is discussed on the basis of emission profiles and the composition of the pyrolytic products. Although some compounds give multipeaked responses, the splitting disappears when a worn surface cavity is used or oxalic acid is added to the sulfur compound in the cavity. When the emission profile from thiourea is compared with that from 1,3-diethylthiourea, it is clear that the multipeaked response is due to quenching by degradation products of the latter compound. The main product of pyrolysis is hydrogen sulfide. The emission intensity is related to the yield of hydrogen sulfide in pyrolysis. As methylmercaptan was not detected in the pyrolysis products, it is suggested that the quenching by the organic fragments results from their hydrogen consumption rather than their reaction with sulfur species. The S₂ emission from sulfur-containing compounds is rapidly complete in the presence of oxalic acid, and it is suggested that such compounds are subject to reductive breakdown in the cavity.     

碱氮化合物喹啉催化裂化转化规律的研究

采用固定床微反活性实验装置，以甲苯、十六烷、四氢萘为溶剂，研究了碱性含氮化合物喹啉的催化裂化转化规律。反应温度、催化剂与原料油的质量比、空速、原料氮含量都影响待生催化剂的氮含量和氮在产物中的分布。催化剂的酸性、烃类溶剂的供氢能力对喹啉裂化有显著影响。催化裂化待生催化剂上的焦炭由烃生焦、吸附氮焦和缩合氮焦组成。提出了喹啉催化裂化的可能转化途径：喹啉通过物理或化学作用吸附于催化剂表面，或在催化剂上脱氢缩合生焦；喹啉烷基化；喹啉加氢生成四氢喹啉，四氢喹啉进一步裂化转化为吡啶、苯胺和氨。     

Degradation of organic sulfur compounds by a coal-solubilizing Fungus

Paecilomyces sp. TLi, a coal-solubilizing fungus, was shown to degrade organic sulfur-containing coal substructure compounds. Di-benzothiophene was degraded via a sulfur-oxidizing pathway to 2,2′-dihydroxybiphenyl. No further metabolism of that compound was observed. Ethyl phenyl sulfide and diphenyl sulfide were degraded to the corresponding sulfones. A variety of products were formed from dibenzyl sulfide, presumably via free radical intermediates. Diphenyl disulfide and dibenzyl disulfide were cleaved to the corresponding thiols and other single-ring products. It was concluded that degradation of organic sulfur compounds byPaecilomyces involves an oxidative attack localized at the sulfur atom.     

催化剂和供氢剂对渣油模型化合物裂化反应选择性的影响

供氢剂与分散性催化剂协同作用对于传统的煤液化体系和渣油加氢裂化体系非常重要。通过活化分子氢及煤分子，使液化反应在较低的温度下进行以减少副反应，继而提高氢转移效率，增加液体产物产率。供氢剂和催化剂起促进煤分子裂化的作用。将供氢剂与催化剂的协同作用应用于渣油加