共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于其结构简单、能量密度高、易携带、无污染等优点,成为燃料电池未来发展的方向。阳极和阴极催化剂的活性和稳定性是决定DMFC性能、寿命和成本的关键。然而,商业催化剂铂(Pt)的低储量和高成本限制了DMFC的广泛应用,同时,非铂类催化剂的活性和稳定性还需要进一步提高,以达到商业化应用的要求。本文综述了近年来国内外DMFC阳极和阴极催化剂的最新研究进展。首先,对于阳极甲醇氧化催化剂,分别对Pt基催化剂的改性和非Pt类催化剂的研究进展进行了详细介绍;其次,概述了Pt基阴极氧还原催化剂的改性和非Pt阴极催化剂的发展现状;此外,对于催化剂与载体的强相互作用产生的协同效应进行了总结论述;最后,对直接甲醇燃料电池阳极和阴极催化剂的发展前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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Pt/C—SPE和PtRu/C—SPE膜电极上甲醇的催化氧化 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用化学还原法制得直接甲醇燃料电池中甲醇阳极氧化的Pt/C和PtRu/C催化剂,结果表明后者比前者具有更高的催化活性,通过XRD和XPS的分析,阐明了对提高甲醇电催人活性的作用。 相似文献
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作为未来能源储存和转换装置的理想选择, 直接甲醇燃料电池具有能量密度高、携带方便以及环境友好等特点. 直接甲醇燃料电池欲实现商业化关键在于如何降低其催化剂成本, 构建高效稳定催化层, 尤其是阳极催化层. 由于非Pt催化剂对于甲醇催化氧化效率太低, 远远达不到商业化应用的要求, 因此对于Pt基改性催化剂的研究具有更重要的现实意义. 对于催化剂而言, 其微观电子结构以及能级密度分布很大程度上决定着催化剂的本征催化活性. 因此通过对其宏观特性的调控以改变Pt的微观结构, 是提高Pt基催化剂催化活性的有力方向. 本文着重从催化剂的组成、形貌和粒度等方面就近几年对Pt基催化剂的改性研究进行了综述, 并对其改性机理进行了相关讨论. 相似文献
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高活性和耐用性的甲醇氧化电催化剂对于直接甲醇燃料电池的商业可行性至关重要,然而,目前的甲醇氧化电催化剂与预期相去甚远,存在贵金属用量过多、活性平庸、衰减快等问题。在这里,我们报告了锚定在镍铁层状金属氢氧化物(NiFe-LDHs)表面Pt纳米颗粒复合材料,用于在碱性介质中稳定电催化甲醇氧化。基于Pt纳米颗粒的高固有甲醇氧化活性,与商业Pt/C催化剂相比,基底材料NiFe-LDHs在200,000 s循环测试后进一步增强了Pt的抗中毒能力和稳定性。NiFe-LDHs层板上单原子分散的Fe作为锚定位点将Pt纳米颗粒均匀分散在其表面,进一步充分利用了层状金属氢氧化物表面丰富的OH基团,促进邻近Pt位点上毒化中间体的氧化去除。这项工作突出了NiFeLDH在提高甲醇氧化反应整体效率方面的特殊性,为其他甲醇氧化电催化的设计和应用提供了指导。 相似文献
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Brenda L. García Burjor Captain Richard D. Adams Ana B. Hungria Paul A. Midgley Sir John Meurig Thomas John W. Weidner 《Journal of Cluster Science》2007,18(1):121-130
The cluster complex Pt2Ru4(CO)18 was used as a precursor to prepare a 60 wt% 1:2 Pt:Ru nanoparticles on carbon (PtRu/C) for use as an electrocatalyst for
methanol oxidation. This bimetallic carbonyl cluster complex was found to provide smaller, more uniform bimetallic nanoparticle
that exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity than a 60 wt% 1:1 Pt:Ru commercial catalyst from E-Tek. Using bimetallic cluster
precursors simplifies the synthetic procedures by reducing the need for high temperature reduction and assures a more intimate
mixing of the two different metals. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the catalyst obtained from the cluster
precursor showed bimetallic nanoparticles having a narrow size range of 2–3 nm that were dispersed uniformly over the surface
of the support. Images of the commercial catalyst showed particles 3–4 nm in diameter that tended to agglomerate near the
edges of the carbon support particles. Cyclic voltammograms of methanol oxidation from the two catalysts showed significantly
higher activity for the cluster-derived catalyst. The onset potential for methanol oxidation for the cluster-derived catalyst
was approximately 170 mV lower than that of the commercial catalyst at 100 A/g Pt, and approximately 250 mV lower at 400 A/g
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* This report is dedicated to Prof. Günter Schmid on the occasion of his 70th birthday. 相似文献
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二甲醚(DME)由于具有高的十六烷值,在燃烧过程中可降低氮氧化物等有害气体的排放,实现无烟燃烧,可作柴油发动机的洁净替代燃料,被认为是"二十一世纪的洁净燃料"。此外,DME液化气的物性与液化石油气相似,燃烧性能优于液化石油气(LPG),可作优良的民用洁净燃料。九十年代初,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所在国内首先提出以DME替代LPG作洁净民用燃料。他们在实验室研究开发了氧化铝和分子筛两种类型的甲醇脱水制二甲醚催化剂,考察了工艺条件对反应的影响;确定了产品的分离、精制过程;对催化剂制备放大后进行了寿命试验并在1升催化剂的模试装置上进行了验证;提出了适合中、小规模生产的甲醇催化脱水制DME液化气工艺流程并进行了500t/a甲醇脱水制DME液化气的工业试验,甲醇单程转化率为~78%,DME收率为~98%:对所生产的DME液化气进行燃烧试验、环境卫生及卫生防疫检测,结果符合国内有关标准。 相似文献
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Development of high performance Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for methanol synthesis and the water-gas shift reaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Our groups studies on Cu/ZnO-based catalysts for methanol synthesis via hydrogenation of CO2 and for the water-gas shift reaction are reviewed. Effects of ZnO contained in supported Cu-based catalysts on their activities for several reactions were investigated. The addition of ZnO to Cu-based catalyst supported on Al2O3, ZrO2 or SiO2 improved its specific activity for methanol synthesis and the reverse water-gas shift reaction, but did not improve its specific activity for methanol steam reforming and the water-gas shift reaction. Methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2 over Cu/ZnO-based catalysts was extensively studied under a joint research project between National Institute for Resources and Environment (NIRE; one of the former research institutes reorganized to AIST) and Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE). It was suggested that methanol should be produced via the hydrogenation of CO2, but not via the hydrogenation of CO, and that H2O produced along with methanol should greatly suppress methanol synthesis. The Cu/ZnO-based multicomponent catalysts such as Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 and Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3/Ga2O3 were highly active for methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2. The addition of a small amount of colloidal silica to the multicomponent catalysts greatly improved their long-term stability during methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2. The purity of the crude methanol produced in a bench plant was 99.9 wt% and higher than that of the crude methanol from a commercial methanol synthesis from syngas. The water-gas shift reaction over Cu/ZnO-based catalysts was also studied. The activity of Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst for the water-gas shift reaction at 523 K was less affected by the pre-treatments such as calcination and treatment in H2 at high temperatures than that of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst. Accordingly, the Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst was considered to be more suitable for practical use for the water-gas shift reaction. The Cu/ZnO/ZrO2/Al2O3 catalyst was also highly active for the water-gas shift reaction at 673 K. Furthermore, a two-stage reaction system composed of the first reaction zone for the water-gas shift reaction at 673 K and the second reaction zone for the reaction at 523 K was found to be more efficient than a one-stage reaction system. The addition of a small amount of colloidal silica to a Cu/ZnO-based catalyst greatly improved its long-term stability in the water-gas shift reaction in a similar manner as in methanol synthesis from CO2 and H2. 相似文献
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采用化学还原浸渍法在两种不同条件下制备炭载PtRu催化剂,通过XRD和TEM技术对催化剂的晶体结构及微观形貌进行了分析,运用循环伏安法、线性扫描法来检测不同条件下制备的催化剂对甲醇及吸附态CO(COad)电催化氧化活性的影响.结果表明,不同条件下制备的催化剂Pt和Ru形成合金的程度不同,Pt-Ru合金原子的颗粒在载体炭上的粒径大小和分布不同,导致催化剂对甲醇及COad的电氧化催化活性不同.其中以甲醛为还原剂在乙二醇体系中制备的催化剂PtRu/C-2能形成较好的合金状态,粒径小,分布均匀,对甲醇及COad的氧化具有较高的电催化活性. 相似文献