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1.
Dihydrogen Catalysis of the Reversible Formation and Cleavage of CH and NH Bonds of Aminopyridinate Ligands Bound to (η5‐C5Me5)IrIII 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Ana Zamorano Dr. Nuria Rendón Dr. Joaquín López‐Serrano Dr. José E. V. Valpuesta Dr. Eleuterio Álvarez Prof. Dr. Ernesto Carmona 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(6):2576-2587
This study focuses on a series of cationic complexes of iridium that contain aminopyridinate (Ap) ligands bound to an (η5‐C5Me5)IrIII fragment. The new complexes have the chemical composition [Ir(Ap)(η5‐C5Me5)]+, exist in the form of two isomers ( 1+ and 2+ ) and were isolated as salts of the BArF? anion (BArF=B[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3]4). Four Ap ligands that differ in the nature of their bulky aryl substituents at the amido nitrogen atom and pyridinic ring were employed. In the presence of H2, the electrophilicity of the IrIII centre of these complexes allows for a reversible prototropic rearrangement that changes the nature and coordination mode of the aminopyridinate ligand between the well‐known κ2‐N,N′‐bidentate binding in 1+ and the unprecedented κ‐N,η3‐pseudo‐allyl‐coordination mode in isomers 2+ through activation of a benzylic C?H bond and formal proton transfer to the amido nitrogen atom. Experimental and computational studies evidence that the overall rearrangement, which entails reversible formation and cleavage of H?H, C?H and N?H bonds, is catalysed by dihydrogen under homogeneous conditions. 相似文献
2.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Silylation of Aromatic and Benzylic CH Bonds Directed by a Secondary Amine 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Qian Li Prof. Dr. Matthias Driess Prof. Dr. John F. Hartwig 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(32):8471-8474
Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed, regioselective silylation of the aromatic C? H bonds of benzylamines and the benzylic C? H bonds of 2,N‐dialkylanilines. In this process, (hydrido)silyl amines, generated in situ by dehydrogenative coupling of benzylamine or aniline with diethylsilane, undergo selective silylation at the C? H bond γ to the amino group. The products of this silylation are suitable for subsequent oxidation, halogenation, and cross‐coupling reactions to deliver benzylamine and arylamine derivatives. 相似文献
3.
Lin‐Bao Zhang Dr. Xin‐Qi Hao Shou‐Kun Zhang Zhan‐Jiang Liu Xin‐Xiang Zheng Dr. Jun‐Fang Gong Dr. Jun‐Long Niu Prof. Mao‐Ping Song 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(1):272-275
The cobalt‐catalyzed alkoxylation of C(sp2)? H bonds in aromatic and olefinic carboxamides has been developed. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions in the presence of Co(OAc)2?4H2O as the catalyst and tolerates a wide range of both alcohols and benzamide substrates, including even olefinic carboxamides. In addition, this reaction is the first example of the direct alkoxylation of alkenes through C? H bond activation. 相似文献
4.
Zhen Wang Jizhi Ni Prof. Dr. Yoichiro Kuninobu Prof. Dr. Motomu Kanai 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(13):3496-3499
The first copper‐catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)? H and C(sp2)? H oxidative amidation has been developed. Using a Cu(OAc)2 catalyst and an Ag2CO3 oxidant in dichloroethane solvent, C(sp3)? H amidation proceeded at a terminal methyl group, as well as at the internal benzylic position of an alkyl chain. This reaction has a broad substrate scope, and various β‐lactams were obtained in excellent yield, even on gram scale. Use of CuCl2 and Ag2CO3 under an O2 atmosphere in dimethyl sulfoxide, however, leads to 2‐indolinone selectively by C(sp2)? H amidation. Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies indicated that C? H bond activation is the rate‐determining step. The 5‐methoxyquinolyl directing group could be removed by oxidation. 相似文献
5.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp3)H Activation: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinolinone Derivatives 下载免费PDF全文
Jia‐Xuan Yan Dr. Hu Li Dr. Xiang‐Wei Liu Jiang‐Ling Shi Xin Wang Prof. Dr. Zhang‐Jie Shi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(19):4945-4949
3,4‐Dihydroquinolinones were synthesized by the palladium‐catalyzed, oxidative‐addition‐initiated activation and arylation of inert C(sp3)? H bonds. Pd(OAc)2 and P(o‐tol)3 were used as the catalyst and ligand, respectively, to improve the efficiency of the reaction. A further advantage of this reaction is that it could be performed in air. A relatively rare seven‐membered palladacycle was proposed as a key intermediate of the catalytic cycle. 相似文献
6.
Practical Synthesis of anti‐β‐Hydroxy‐α‐Amino Acids by PdII‐Catalyzed Sequential C(sp3)H Functionalization 下载免费PDF全文
Kai Chen Shuo‐Qing Zhang Huai‐Zhi Jiang Jing‐Wen Xu Prof. Dr. Bing‐Feng Shi 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(8):3264-3270
An improved and practical procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids (anti‐βhAAs), by palladium‐catalyzed sequential C(sp3)?H functionalization directed by 8‐aminoquinoline auxiliary, is described. followed by a previously established monoarylation and/or alkylation of the β‐methyl C(sp3)?H of alanine derivative, β‐acetoxylation of both alkylic and benzylic methylene C(sp3)?H bonds affords various anti‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acid derivatives. As an example, the synthesis of β‐mercapto‐α‐amino acids, which are highly important to the extension of native chemical ligation chemistry beyond cysteine, is described. The synthetic potential of this protocol is further demonstrated by the synthesis of diverse β‐branched α‐amino acids. The observed diastereoselectivities are strongly influenced by electronic effects of aromatic AAs and steric effects of the linear side‐chain AAs, which could be explained by the competition of intramolecular C?OAc bond reductive elimination from PdIV intermediates vs. intermolecular attack by an external nucleophile (AcO?) in an SN2‐type process. 相似文献
7.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed CC and CO Coupling of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Alkynes: Combination of CH Activation with O‐Atom Transfer 下载免费PDF全文
Xueyun Zhang Zisong Qi Prof. Xingwei Li 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(40):10794-10798
[Cp*RhIII]‐catalyzed C? H activation of arenes assisted by an oxidizing N? O or N? N directing group has allowed the construction of a number of hetercycles. In contrast, a polar N? O bond is well‐known to undergo O‐atom transfer (OAT) to alkynes. Despite the liability of N? O bonds in both C? H activation and OAT, these two important areas evolved separately. In this report, [Cp*RhIII] catalysts integrate both areas in an efficient redox‐neutral coupling of quinoline N‐oxides with alkynes to afford α‐(8‐quinolyl)acetophenones. In this process the N? O bond acts as both a directing group for C? H activation and as an O‐atom donor. 相似文献
8.
Dr. Liene Grigorjeva Prof. Olafs Daugulis 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(38):10209-10212
A method for cobalt‐catalyzed, aminoquinoline‐ and picolinamide‐directed C(sp2)? H bond alkenylation by alkynes was developed. The method shows excellent functional‐group tolerance and both internal and terminal alkynes are competent substrates for the coupling. The reaction employs a Co(OAc)2?4 H2O catalyst, Mn(OAc)2 co‐catalyst, and oxygen (from air) as a terminal oxidant. 相似文献
9.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Styrenes with Aryl Methyl Ketones in Ionic Liquids: Direct Access to Cyclopropanes 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Pietro Cotugno Dr. Antonio Monopoli Prof. Francesco Ciminale Dr. Antonella Milella Prof. Angelo Nacci 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(49):13563-13567
The combined use of Pd(OAc)2, Cu(OAc)2, and dioxygen in molten tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) promotes an unusual cyclopropanation reaction between aryl methyl ketones and styrenes. The process is a dehydrogenative cyclizing coupling that involves a twofold C? H activation at the α‐position of the ketone. The substrate scope highlights the flexibility of the catalyst; a reaction mechanism is also proposed. 相似文献
10.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[b]thiophenes and Their Hetero‐Fused Analogues through Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative CH Functionalization/Intramolecular Arylthiolation 下载免费PDF全文
Anand Acharya S. Vijay Kumar Prof. Hiriyakkanavar Ila 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(47):17116-17125
An efficient, high yielding route to multisubstituted benzo[b]thiophenes has been developed through palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C?H functionalization–arylthiolation of enethiolate salts of α‐aryl‐β‐(het)aryl/alkyl‐β‐mercaptoacrylonitriles/acrylates or acrylophenones. The overall strategy involves a one‐pot, two‐step process in which enethiolate salts [generated in situ through base‐mediated condensation of substituted arylacetonitriles, deoxybenzoins, or arylacetates with (het)aryl (or alkyl) dithioates] are subjected to intramolecular C?H functionalization–arylthiolation under the influence of a palladium acetate (or palladium chloride)/cupric acetate catalytic system and tetrabutylammonium bromide as additive in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. In a few cases, the yields of benzo[b]thiophenes were better in a two‐step process by employing the corresponding enethiols as substrates. In a few examples, Pd(OAc)2 (or PdCl2) catalyst in the presence of oxygen was found to be more efficient than cupric acetate as reoxidant, furnishing benzothiophenes in improved yields by avoiding formation of side products. The method is compatible with a diverse range of substituents on the aryl ring as well as on the 2‐ and 3‐positions of the benzothiophene scaffold. The protocol could also be extended to the synthesis of a raloxifene precursor and a tubulin polymerization inhibitor in good yields. The versatility of this newly developed method was further demonstrated by elaborating it for the synthesis of substituted thieno‐fused heterocycles such as thieno[2,3‐b]thiophenes, thieno[2,3‐b]indoles, thieno[3,2‐c]pyrazole, and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines in high yields. A probable mechanism involving intramolecular electrophilic arylthiolation via either a Pd‐S adduct or palladacycle intermediate has been proposed on the basis of experimental studies. 相似文献
11.
Through‐Space 1,4‐Palladium Migration and 1,2‐Aryl Shift: Direct Access to Dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles through a Triple CH Functionalization Cascade 下载免费PDF全文
Samir Kumar Bhunia Arghya Polley Dr. Ramalingam Natarajan Dr. Ranjan Jana 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(47):16786-16791
A palladium‐catalyzed expeditious synthesis of dibenzofused carbazoles from readily available 2‐arylindoles and diaryliodonium salts is reported. Interestingly, after the electrophilic C3 palladation of indole, an unexpected “through‐space” 1,4‐palladium migration to the 2‐aryl moiety, by remote C?H bond activation followed by C?H arylation with diaryliodonium salt, and an unprecedented 1,2‐aryl shift take place. Finally, an intramolecular cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) at the C2 position affords dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles in high yields. Remarkably, the present migratory annulation occurs through three C?H bond activation one C?C bond cleavage, and the simultaneous construction of three new C?C bonds in a single operation. 相似文献
12.
Copper‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling Reaction between Allylic CH Bonds and α‐CH Bonds of Ketones or Aldehydes 下载免费PDF全文
Xing‐Fen Huang Muhammad Salman Prof. Zhi‐Zhen Huang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(22):6618-6621
A dehydrogenative cross‐coupling reaction between allylic C?H bonds and the α‐C?H bond of ketones or aldehydes was developed using Cu(OTf)2 as a catalyst and DDQ as an oxidant. This synthetic approach to γ,δ‐unsaturated ketones and aldehydes has the advantages of broad scope for both ketones and aldehydes as reactants, mild reaction conditions, good yields and atom economy. A plausible mechanism using Cu(OTf)2 as a Lewis acid catalyst was also proposed (DDQ=2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone; Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonate). 相似文献
13.
Kyle A. Hollister Elizabeth S. Conner Mark L. Spell Kristina Deveaux Léa Maneval Michael W. Beal Prof. Dr. Justin R. Ragains 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(27):7837-7841
Mild conditions are reported for the hydroxylation of aliphatic C? H bonds through radical translocation, oxidation to carbocation, and nucleophilic trapping with H2O. This remote functionalization employs fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] together with Tzo sulfonate esters and sulfonamides to facilitate the site‐selective replacement of relatively inert C? H bonds with the more synthetically useful C? OH group. The hydroxylation of a range of substrates and the methoxylation of two substrates through 1,6‐ and 1,7‐hydrogen‐atom transfer are demonstrated. In addition, a synthesis of the antidepressant fluoxetine using remote hydroxylation as a key step is presented. 相似文献
14.
C(sp3)H Activation without a Directing Group: Regioselective Synthesis of N‐Ylide or N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Controlled by the Choice of Metal and Ligand 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Warren B. Cross Sunnah Razak Kuldip Singh Andrew J. Warner 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(41):13203-13209
N‐Ylide complexes of Ir have been generated by C(sp3)?H activation of α‐pyridinium or α‐imidazolium esters in reactions with [Cp*IrCl2]2 and NaOAc. These reactions are rare examples of C(sp3)?H activation without a covalent directing group, which—even more unusually—occur α to a carbonyl group. For the reaction of the α‐imidazolium ester [ 3 H]Cl, the site selectivity of C?H activation could be controlled by the choice of metal and ligand: with [Cp*IrCl2]2 and NaOAc, C(sp3)?H activation gave the N‐ylide complex 4 ; in contrast, with Ag2O followed by [Cp*IrCl2]2, C(sp2)?H activation gave the N‐heterocyclic carbene complex 5 . DFT calculations revealed that the N‐ylide complex 4 was the kinetic product of an ambiphilic C?H activation. Examination of the computed transition state for the reaction to give 4 indicated that unlike in related reactions, the acetate ligand appears to play the dominant role in C?H bond cleavage. 相似文献
15.
A Highly Efficient Gold‐Catalyzed Photoredox α‐C(sp3)H Alkynylation of Tertiary Aliphatic Amines with Sunlight 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Jin Xie Dr. Shuai Shi M. Sc. Tuo Zhang M. Sc. Nina Mehrkens Dr. Matthias Rudolph Prof. Dr. A. Stephen K. Hashmi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(20):6046-6050
A new α‐C(sp3)? H alkynylation of unactivated tertiary aliphatic amines with 1‐iodoalkynes as radical alkynylating reagents in the presence of [Au2(μ‐dppm)2]2+ in sunlight provides propargylic amines. Based on mechanistic studies, a C? C coupling of an α‐aminoalkyl radical and an alkynyl radical is proposed for the C(sp3)? C(sp) bond formation. The mild, convenient, efficient, and highly selective C(sp3)? H alkynylation reaction shows excellent regioselectivity and good functional‐group compatibility. A scale‐up to gram quantities is possible with sunlight used as a clean and sustainable energy source. 相似文献
16.
Dr. Brian N. Laforteza Kelvin S. L. Chan Prof. Dr. Jin‐Quan Yu 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(38):11143-11146
The commonly used para‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl (nosyl) protecting group is employed to direct the C? H activation of amines for the first time. An enantioselective ortho‐C? H cross‐coupling between nosyl‐protected diarylmethylamines and arylboronic acid pinacol esters has been achieved utilizing chiral mono‐N‐protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands as a promoter. 相似文献
17.
Dr. Jingjun Hao Berline Mougang‐Soumé Boris Vabre Prof. Dr. Davit Zargarian 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(12):3218-3222
We describe the results of a study on the stabilities of pincer‐type nickel complexes relevant to catalytic hydroalkoxylation and hydroamination of olefins, C? C and C? X couplings, and fluorination of alkyl halides. Complexes [(POCsp3OP)NiX] are stable for X=OSiMe3, OMes (Mes=1,3,5‐Me3C6H2), NPh2, and CC? H, whereas the O(tBu) and N(SiMe3)2 derivatives decompose readily. The phenylacetylide derivative transforms gradually into the zero‐valent species cis‐[{κP,κC,κC′‐(iPr2POCH2CHCH2)}Ni{η2,κC,κC′‐(iPr2P(O)CCPh)}]. Likewise, attempts to prepare [(POCsp3OP)NiF] gave instead the zwitterionic trinuclear species [{(η3‐allyl)Ni}2‐{μ,κP,κO‐(iPr2PO)4Ni}]. Characterization of these two complexes provides concrete examples of decomposition processes that can dismantle POCsp3OP‐type pincer ligands by facile C? O bond rupture. These results serve as a cautionary tale for the inherent structural fragility of pincer systems bearing phosphinite donor moieties, and provide guidelines on how to design more robust analogues. 相似文献
18.
Heterobi‐ and ‐trimetallic Ion Pairs of Zirconocene‐Based Isoselective Olefin Polymerization Catalysts with AlMe3 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Gabriel Theurkauff Dr. Arnaud Bondon Dr. Vincent Dorcet Prof. Dr. Jean‐François Carpentier Dr. Evgueni Kirillov 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(21):6343-6346
The reactivity towards AlMe3 of discrete cationic ansa‐zirconocenes 2 a,b that are ubiquitously used in isoselective propylene polymerization and based on [{Ph(H)C(3,6‐tBu2‐Flu)(3‐tBu‐5‐Et‐Cp)}ZrMe2)] {Cp‐Flu} and rac‐[{Me2Si‐(2‐Me‐4‐Ph‐Ind)2}ZrMe2] {SBI} was scrutinized. The first example of a structurally characterized Group 4 metallocene AlMe3 adduct ( 3 b ) is reported. In the presence of excess AlMe3, the {SBI}‐based AlMe3 adduct 3 b undergoes a slow decomposition via C? H activation in a bridging methyl unit to yield a new species ( 4 b ) with a trimetallic {Zr(μ‐CH2)(μ‐Me)AlMe(μ‐Me)AlMe2} core. EXSY NMR data for the process 2 b ? 3 b → 4 b suggest very rapid and reversible binding of an additional AlMe3 molecule onto AlMe3 adduct 3 b . The resulting heterotrimetallic species intermediates exchange of methyl groups between different metal centers and slowly undergoes the C? H activation reaction towards 4 b . 相似文献
19.
Sulfonamide‐Promoted Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Unactivated Methylene C(sp3)H Bonds with Alkyl Iodides 下载免费PDF全文
Kai Chen Prof. Dr. Bing‐Feng Shi 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(44):11950-11954
The alkylation of unactivated β‐methylene C(sp3)? H bonds of α‐amino acid substrates with a broad range of alkyl iodides using Pd(OAc)2 as the catalyst is described. The addition of NaOCN and 4‐Cl‐C6H4SO2NH2 was found to be crucial for the success of this transformation. The reaction is compatible with a diverse array of functional groups and proceeds with high diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, various β,β‐hetero‐dialkyl‐ and β‐alkyl‐β‐aryl‐α‐amino acids were prepared by sequential C(sp3)? H functionalization of an alanine‐derived substrate, thus providing a versatile strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of unnatural β‐disubstituted α‐amino acids. 相似文献
20.
ortho‐Benzoxylation of N‐Alkyl Benzamides with Aromatic Acids Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Complex 下载免费PDF全文
Kishor Padala Dr. Masilamani Jeganmohan 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(14):4092-4097
A highly regioselective ortho‐benzoxylation of N‐alkyl benzamides with aromatic acids in the presence of [{RuCl2(p‐cymene)}2], AgSbF6, and (NH4)2S2O8 in 1,2‐dichloroethane at 100 °C for 24 h affording ortho‐benzoxylated N‐alkyl benzamides by C?H bond activation is described. Further, Ru‐catalyzed alkenylation is done at the ortho C?H bond of benzoxylated N‐alkyl benzamides with alkenes in water solvent. Subsequently, the benzoxyl moiety of N‐alkyl benzamides was converted into a hydroxyl group in the presence of base or acid. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed to account for the present coupling reaction. 相似文献