还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2纳米复合物制备及其光催化性能

采用一步水热法制备了还原氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛(RGO-P25)纳米复合物.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见漫反射谱(UVVisDRS)对复合材料的结构和光电性能进行了表征.在紫外光照和可见光照条件下,研究了不同复合比例的复合物的光催化降解甲基蓝(MB)的性能.结果表明:在水热过程中氧化石墨烯被还原,通过静电引力相互作用得到了具有较高缺陷的还原氧化石墨烯复合物.随着RGO含量的增加,复合物的禁带宽度由3.00 eV变到2.27eV,复合物的导电性增强.在可见光和紫外光光照条件下, 30 min内1%(w,质量分数)RGO-P25光催化降解甲基蓝的效率都超过了80%.紫外光照条件下, 1%RGO-P25纳米复合物催化降解N3染料, cis-Ru(H₂dcbpy)₂(NCS)₂ (H₂dcbpy = 4, 4'-二羧酸-2, 2'-联吡啶), 30 min内63%(摩尔分数)的染料被降解.与P25(75%锐钛矿, 25%金红石)相比,石墨烯的加入大大提高了光催化效率,有效抑制了电子-空穴对的复合.     

Cr掺杂TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的制备及光催化活性

以TiO_2纳米颗粒P25和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为Cr源,采用碱性水热法制备了Cr掺杂TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物(Cr-Ti O2 NWs/RGO).采用类似方法合成了TiO_2纳米线(Ti O2NWs)、Cr掺杂Ti O2纳米线(Cr-TiO_2NWs)和TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物(TiO_2 NWs/RGO)等其它样品.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)等方法对样品进行了表征.测试了样品在可见光下对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解活性,结果表明,Cr-TiO_2NWs/RGO在120 min内对MB的催化降解率为TiO_2NWs的2.2倍,催化降解速度为TiO_2NWs的5.8倍.     

RGO/C_3N_4复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

通过半封闭一步热裂解法和改进的Hummers法分别制备了类石墨氮化碳(C3N4)和氧化石墨烯(GO),再利用光还原方法制得还原氧化石墨烯/氮化碳(RGO/C3N4)复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS),光致荧光(PL)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对复合材料进行表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为探针分子在可见光下考察RGO/C3N4复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明:RGO的引入显著提高了C3N4的光催化活性,且6.0%RGO/C3N4复合物的光催化活性最高,可能的原因是RGO具有优良的接受和传导电子性能,抑制了C3N4光生电子-空穴的复合机率,进而提高了光催化活性。     

还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2复合材料在钠离子电池中的电化学性能

二氧化钛(TiO₂)作为有前景的钠离子电池负极材料, 具有良好的循环稳定性, 但由于其导电率较低, 而导致容量和倍率性能不佳限制了其实际应用. 本文采用喷雾干燥技术制备了氧化石墨烯/纳米TiO₂复合材料(GO/TiO₂), 通过热处理获得还原氧化石墨烯/TiO₂复合材料(RGO/TiO₂). 电化学测试结果表明, 还原氧化石墨烯改性的RGO/TiO₂复合材料的电化学性能得到显著提升, RGO含量为4.0%(w)的RGO/TiO₂复合材料在各种电流密度下的可逆容量分别为183.7 mAh·g^-1 (20 mA·g^-1), 153.7 mAh·g^-1 (100 mA·g^-1)和114.4 mAh·g^-1 (600mA·g^-1), 而纯TiO₂的比容量仅为93.6 mAh·g^-1 (20 mA·g^-1), 69.6 mAh·g^-1 (100 mA·g^-1)和26.5 mAh·g^-1 (600mA·g^-1). 4.0%(w) RGO/TiO₂复合材料体现了良好的循环稳定性, 在100 mA·g^-1电流密度下充放电循环350个周期后, 比容量仍然保持146.7 mAh·g^-1. 同等条件下, 纯TiO₂电极比容量只有68.8 mAh·g^-1. RGO包覆改性极大提高了TiO₂在钠离子电池中的电化学嵌钠/脱钠性能. RGO包覆改性技术在改进钠离子电池材料性能中将有很好的应用前景.     

光还原制备石墨烯-硫化钼RGO-MoSx产氢催化剂

本文以石墨烯氧化物(GO)和硫代钼酸铵((NH₄)₂MoS₄)为前体,曙红(EY)和三乙醇胺(TEOA)为光敏单元和电子牺牲体,通过一种环境友好的光还原方法原位制备了石墨烯-硫化钼(RGO-MoS_x)产氢催化剂。RGO-MoS_x表现出高效的催化产氢活性,石墨烯的引入使其催化产氢效率提高至原来的2.10倍。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征,证实了RGO-MoS_x的组成、结构及形貌特征。     

还原态氧化石墨烯的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

通过乙二胺（EDA）对氧化石墨烯（GO）进行还原制备了还原态氧化石墨烯（RGO）,利用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、热重分析和扫描电子显微镜等技术对制得的RGO进行了表征。 考察了RGO复合材料在静态吸附条件下对Pb(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Mn(Ⅱ)金属离子的吸附性能。 结果表明,该吸附材料对上述4种重金属离子在25 ℃时的静态饱和吸附量分别为396.6、115.3、54.2和38.6 mg/g。 吸附于RGO上的Pb(Ⅱ)可用0.05 mol/L HCl溶液进行洗脱,再生后的RGO重复使用3次时吸附量能达到首次吸附量的85%。     

一步法制备还原态氧化石墨烯载铂纳米粒子及其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以天然石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨.然后采用简单的一步化学还原法在乙二醇(EG)中同时还原氧化石墨烯(GO)和H₂PtCl₆制备高分散的铂/还原态氧化石墨烯(Pt/RGO)催化剂.采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对催化剂的微结构、组成和形貌进行表征.结果表明, GO已被还原成RGO, Pt纳米粒子均匀分散在RGO表面,粒径约为2.3 nm.采用循环伏安法和计时电流法评价催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能,测试结果表明, Pt/RGO催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性和稳定性与Pt/C和Pt/CNT相比有了很大提高.另外其对甲醇电催化氧化的循环伏安图中正扫峰电流密度(I_f)和反扫峰电流密度(I_b)的比值高达1.3,分别是Pt/C和Pt/CNT催化剂的2.2和1.9倍,表明Pt/RGO催化剂具有高的抗甲醇氧化中间体CO_ad的中毒能力.     

激光直写微型RGO/MWCNT/CF平面柔性超级电容器的制备及性能

将采用改性Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯与多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)复合, 通过激光直写的方法制备了以棉织物(Cotton fabric, CF)为基底的石墨烯复合碳纳米管的同心圆形织物柔性平面超级电容器(RGO/MWCNT/CF). 通过扫描电子显微镜、 X 射线衍射和拉曼光谱技术对RGO/MWCNT/CF进行了表征, 并对超级电容器的电导率和电化学性能进行了测试. 结果表明, 电极材料经激光还原后导电率达到了7.19×10 ⁴ S/m, 表现出良好的导电性能. 以RGO/MWCNT/CF为工作电极、 PVA/LiCl凝胶为电解质组装的超级电容器具有良好的电化学性能, 在电位窗口为0~1 V、 电流密度为40.8 mA/cm ²时比电容达到24 mF/cm ², 功率密度为61 mW·h/kg, 能量密度为1.22 mW·h/kg, 且循环1000次仍能保持92%的比电容.     

BiOBr-OV/RGO复合物的制备及其光催化CO2还原性能

采用水热合成方法先制得四方相BiOBr纳米片与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)相结合的二元复合物BiOBr/RGO,再经真空热处理获得富含氧空位(OV)的复合光催化剂BiOBr-OV/RGO。通过一系列分析测试方法对样品的结构、组成和光电性能进行了表征。BiOBr-OV/RGO表现出了最佳的模拟太阳光光催化CO₂还原活性,主要还原产物CO的生成速率达到15.67μmol·g^-1·h^-1,分别是纯BiOBr、BiOBr-OV和BiOBr/RGO的4.5倍、2.5倍和1.4倍,体现了OV和RGO协同增强的可见光吸收和促进光生载流子在空间上的分离作用,从而提高光催化反应活性。     

水溶液体系中氧化石墨烯的γ射线辐射还原

石墨烯是一种碳原子以二维蜂窝状晶格结构构成的单片层材料,由于其具有优异的电传导性、力学性能和热传导性近年来受到广泛关注.本文采用γ射线辐射技术分别处理水溶液和对苯二胺(PPD)水溶液中的氧化石墨烯(GO),得到辐照还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和胺基化修饰的还原氧化石墨烯(RGON).通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和热失重分析(TGA)等表征分析产物的化学结构和元素组成;通过四探针测试仪和接触角测量仪研究产物的导电性能和亲水性.实验结果表明,在水溶液及PPD水溶液中γ射线辐射均可高效还原GO,还原后得到的RGO和RGON电导率均显著增大.PPD的胺基在辐射还原过程中还可以修饰到石墨烯的表面,因此RGON的亲水性比RGO好,但胺基的存在会干扰石墨烯表面π电子的传导,导致其电导率下降.     

Visible-light-induced dye degradation over copper-modified reduced graphene oxide

Previously, it was found that reduced graphene oxide (RGO) can degrade rhodamine B (RhB) under visible-light irradiation, but with an extraordinarily slow rate. It was also found that modification of RGO with gold nanoparticles can dramatically accelerate the photoreaction rate. Herein, we describe the preparation and photocatalytic properties of copper-ion-modified RGO composite materials, which display a faster photocatalytic reaction rate and better mineralization under visible-light irradiation than gold-modified RGO. The copper-ion-modified RGO composites were prepared by an immersion method. The characterization results of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show the presence of crystalline copper species Cu(2)(OH)(3)NO(3) and Cu(2)(OH)(3)Cl on the surface of RGO. Modification of RGO with the copper species greatly enhances the degradation of RhB--after 3 hours of reaction under visible-light irradiation, the total organic carbon is decreased by about 31%. The copper species act as an electron relay, passing the excited electrons from the RGO sheets to adsorbed oxygen, thus leading to continuous generation of reactive oxygen species for the degradation of RhB.     

Polyaniline‐coupled graphene/nickel hydroxide nanohybrids as flame retardant and smoke suppressant for epoxy composites

Graphene‐polyaniline/nickel hydroxide ternary hybrid (RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂) was synthesized and incorporated into epoxy resin (EP) to improve the fire retardant property. Thermogravimetric analysis results showed that the RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂ nanohybrid could catalyze the thermal degradation of epoxy matrix that was essential to trigger the char formation. The char yield of the RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂/EP composite was improved compared with that of the samples with graphene and polyaniline only. With 3.0‐wt% RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂, significant reduction in peak heat release rate (40%) and peak smoke production rate (36%) was observed in the cone calorimeter tests. Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG‐IR) results indicated that the flammable volatiles of the RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂/EP composite was reduced compared with those of the EP and RGO‐PANI/EP. The superior flame retardant and smoke suppressant behaviors of the RGO‐PANI/Ni(OH)₂ nanohybrid over RGO‐PANI were attributed to the combination of good barrier effect of graphene with catalytic ability of char formation of PANI and metal hydroxide.     

Cuprous oxide nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Cuprous oxide (Cu(2)O) nanoparticles dispersed on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) were prepared by reducing copper acetate supported on graphite oxide using diethylene glycol as both solvent and reducing agent. The Cu(2)O/RGO composite exhibits excellent catalytic activity and remarkable tolerance to methanol and CO in the oxygen reduction reaction.     

Reduced graphene oxide as capturer of dyes and electrons during photocatalysis: surface wrapping and capture promoted efficiency

To elucidate the roles of graphene in photoelectric events and mass transfer during photocatalytic process is important for engineering graphene-semiconductor hybrid photocatalyst. Here, we demonstrated reduced graphene oxide (RGO) capturing dyes and photoinduced electrons during photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in water. It captures dyes from water through adsorption and desorption irreversible hysteresis, and captures photoinduced electrons from semiconductor through surface junction. The RGO was attached to the surface of TiO(2) in the form of surface wrapping. After one-step photocatalytic reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and TiO(2) in ethanol-water solvent under UV irradiation, the RGO wrapped TiO(2) hybrid (graphene-w-TiO(2)) photocatalyst was obtained. Using visible absorption spectroscopy, we also demonstrated these captured dyes were degraded during photocatalysis. The photocatalytic test showed the RGO significantly improved the photocatalytic activity of this hybrid photocatalyst.     

Assembly of Graphene Nanosheets and SiO2 Nanoparticles Towards Transparent,Antireflective, Conductive,and Superhydrophilic Multifunctional Hybrid Films

A new approach for the fabrication of transparent, antireflective, conductive and superhydrophilic multifunctional hybrid films through the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanosheets and SiO₂ nanoparticles is reported. The RGO nanosheets, SiO₂ nanoparticles and films were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis absorption spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle/interface system, and a four‐point probe. It was found that the graphene/SiO₂ hybrid films exhibited a significant increase in transmittance as compared with RGO films. The optical, electronic and wetting properties of hybrid films could be manipulated by rational design of the film structure and variation of the cycle number of the LbL assembly. The obtained transparent, conductive, and superhydrophilic graphene/SiO₂ hybrid films showed excellent antireflective, antistatic, and antifogging behaviors. The remarkable performance could be attributed to the combination of electrical conductivity of RGO nanosheets and superhydrophilic antireflective surface derived from SiO₂ nanoparticles.     

石墨烯负载镍催化CO_2加氢甲烷化

采用改进的Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),经水合肼还原得到石墨烯(RGO),通过浸渍法制备了石墨烯负载的镍基催化剂(Ni/RGO);对其催化二氧化碳甲烷化反应的性能进行了研究,并与以碳纳米管(CNTs)和活性炭(AC)为载体负载的Ni基催化剂进行了比较.由于催化剂的载体分别为RGO,CNTs和AC,所以Ni将会表现出不同的形态.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、比表面积(BET)测试、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等表征手段对其结构及物理性质进行了表征.结果表明,Ni/RGO具有相对较大的比表面积(316 m~2/g),Ni在Ni/RGO上的颗粒尺寸(5.3 nm)小于其在Ni/CNTs(8.9 nm)和Ni/AC(11.6 nm)上的颗粒尺寸;该催化剂在二氧化碳甲烷化反应中具有更高的催化活性和选择性,而且具有良好的使用寿命.     

Hemin‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Reveal Peroxynitrite Reduction and Isomerization Activity

Facile and efficient reduction of graphene oxide (GO) and novel applications of the reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based materials are of current interest. Herein, we report a novel and facile method for the reduction of GO by using a biocompatible reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Stabilization of DTT by the formation of a six‐membered ring with internal disulfide linkage upon oxidation is responsible for the reduction of GO. The reduced graphene oxide is characterized by several spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Dispersion of RGO in DMF remained stable for several weeks suggesting that the RGO obtained by DTT‐mediated reduction is hydrophobic in nature. This method can be considered for large scale production of good quality RGO. Treatment of RGO with hemin afforded a functional hemin‐reduced graphene oxide (H‐RGO) hybrid material that exhibited remarkable protective effects against the potentially harmful peroxynitrite (PN). A detailed inhibition study on PN‐mediated oxidation and nitration reactions indicate that the interaction between hemin and RGO results in a synergistic effect, which leads to an efficient reduction of PN to nitrate. The RGO also catalyzes the isomerization of PN to nitrate as the RGO layers facilitate the rapid recombination of ^.NO₂ with Fe^IV=O species. In the presence of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, the Fe^IV=O species can be reduced to Fe^III, thus helping to maintain the PN reductase cycle.     

Injectable Graphene Oxide/Graphene Composite Supramolecular Hydrogel for Delivery of Anti-Cancer Drugs

Injectable hydrogels have attracted a lot of attention in drug delivery, however, their capacity to deliver water-insoluble or hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs is limited. Here, we developed injectable graphene oxide/graphene composite supramolecular hydrogels to deliver anti-cancer drugs. Pluronic F-127 was used to stabilize graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in solution, which was mixed with α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) solution to form hydrogels. Native hydrogel was used as control. GO or RGO slightly shortened gelation time. The storage and loss moduli of the hydrogels were tracked by dynamic force measurement. The storage modulus of GO or RGO composite hydrogels was larger than that of the native hydrogel. Hydrogels were unstable in solution and eroded gradually. GO or RGO in Pluronic F-127 solution could potentially improve the solubility of the water-insoluble anti-cancer drug camptothecin (CPT), especially with large drug-loaded CPT amount. Drug release behaviors from solutions and hydrogels were characterized. The nanocomponents (GO or RGO) were able to bind more drug molecules either for CPT or for doxorubicin hydrochloride (DXR) in solution. Therefore, GO or RGO composite hydrogel could potentially enable better controlled and gentler drug release (for both CPT and DXR) than native hydrogel.     

Ultrasonic route synthesis,characterization and electrochemical study of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this study, an efficient route for graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (RGO) synthesis was developed by using an ultrasonic probe and bath alternatively. RGO...