The first structural characterization of a phosphonium amide: synthesis, isolation and molecular structure of (Ph3PEt)(NPh2)

The first isolation of a phosphonium amide, (Ph₃PEt)⁺(NPh₂)⁻, obtained via the deprotonation of a secondary amine (diphenylamine) with a phosphorus ylide (triphenylphosphonium ethylide), is described. An X-ray crystal structure provides the first observation of an essentially ion-separated Ph₂N⁻ anion in the solid state, though weak association with Ph₃PEt⁺ cations take plac through C---H…N hydrogen bonding. Cryoscopic and NMR spectroscopic data suggest that this association is not maintained in benzene solution.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (2-carbamoyloxy-1-alkenyl)cyclopropanes by intramolecular cycloalkylation

Enantioenriched, diastereomerically pure (2-carbamoyloxy-1-alkenyl)cyclopropanes 22 are easily prepared via deprotonation of different allyl carbamates with n-butyllithium and (−)-sparteine (4). The mechanism of the cyclization reaction was determined and several substituted (S)-configured vinylcyclopropanes 32 were synthesized by two different methods. The configurational stability of the intermediate lithiated allyl carbamates and the half-time of epimerization were investigated in a series of silylation experiments, achieving up to 90% ee in the kinetically controlled enantiotopos-differentiating deprotonation.     

Direkte und indirekte metallierung von endo-dicylopentadien. Sn- und C-NMR studie stannylierter folgeprodukte

endo-Dicyclopentadiene (1) can be metalated by use of simple procedures with good overall yields. The attack occurs at the various vinyl, rather than at the allyl, positions of 1 as was confirmed by trapping the carbanions with Me₃SnCl. When t-BuLi/TMEDA are used, the 8- and 9-stannyl derivatives (3 and 4) are formed, whereas an excess of n-BuLi/t-BuOK leads to doubly stannylated derivatives with Me₃Sn groups in position 4/8 (6), 4/9 (7), and 3/9 (8) in addition to 3 and 4. Furthermore the latter reaction yields 5,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)cyclopentadiene (5). With stoichiometric amounts of n-BuLi/t-BuOK the formation of 3 and 4 predominates over that of 5–8. 5 is obtained from 1 after deprotonation at the allyl position, followed by an extremely fast retro-Diels-Alder reaction and then by further deprotonation. This follows from two experiments: (1) exo- and endo-5-trimethylstannyl-endo-dicyclopentadiene (11 and 12) which are synthesized from 1 in three steps give cyclopentadienyllithium and 1 when treated with methyllithium at −78°C; (2) cyclopentadiene reacts with an excess of n-BuLi/t-BuOK and Me₃SnCl to give 5. When 12 is heated syn-10-trimethylstannyl-endo-dicyclopentadiene (13) is obtained. The eight stannyl derivatives of 1 are identified mainly from the following NMR parameters: δ(¹¹⁹Sn), δ(¹³C), δ(¹H), ⁿJ(^119/117Sn---¹³C), and ⁶J(¹¹⁹Sn---^119/117Sn). The ¹³C NMR satellite spectrum of 1 yields the isotope shifts ¹Δ¹³(i(¹³C(j)) and ¹J(¹³C---¹³C). The latter lead to the revision of earlier signal assignments.     

Cu交换量对Cu-SAPO-34催化剂上NH_3选择性催化还原NO_x反应的影响

选用不同种类的铵盐和调变Cu2+离子交换时间制备不同铜交换量的Cu-SAPO-34催化剂。并考察了铜交换量对催化剂在氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx反应中的催化性能和高温水热稳定性的影响。结果表明,Cu2+是Cu-SAPO-34催化剂在NH3-SCR反应中的主要活性中心,随着Cu交换量的增加催化剂的低温SCR活性先升高后降低。铜交换量为2.37%时,Cu-SAPO-34催化剂的低温活性最好,NOx转化率在185℃时即可达到80.0%,且最高达98.7%。ICP、H2-TPR、FT-IR和NH3-TPD等表征结果显示,Cu引入不但产生了新的氨吸附位点,增加了Lewis酸量,而且略微降低了SAPO-34上氨的吸附强度。继续增加Cu交换量反而导致催化剂的SCR活性下降,这是由于大量的Cu2+取代了桥式羟基Si-OH-Al中的H,抑制了SCR反应中NH3在催化剂表面的吸附、储存与迁移。此外,较高Cu交换量也不利于改善Cu-SAPO-34的高温水热稳定性。     

Cu/SAPO-34催化剂的NH_3-SCO活性及抗水热性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同铜含量的Cu/SAPO-34催化剂,考察了该系列催化剂上NH_3选择性催化氧化反应性能(NH_3-SCO)。实验结果表明,10%-Cu/SAPO-34催化剂在300℃温度下具有100%的NH_3去除率,且其氮气选择性大于90%。与此同时,通过XRD、BET、UV-vis、H_2-TPR和XPS等表征分析结果表明,高度分散的CuO是Cu/SAPO-34催化剂的主要活性组分。对10%-Cu/SAPO-34催化剂进行水热处理后,催化剂低温活性明显提高,催化剂的N_2选择性在325℃急剧下降。这是由于水热处理导致一定数量的铜物种发生迁移并且形成了更稳定的铜物种引起。SAPO-34的骨架结构遭到一定程度的破坏。     

改性Cu-Mn/SAPO-34催化剂在SCR脱硝反应中的特性研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列铜锰复合氧化物分子筛催化剂(Cu-Mn/SAPO-34),在固定床反应器上考察不同Cu/Mn质量比对分子筛催化剂选择催化还原NO的影响,利用XRD、NH_3-TPD、H_2-TPR、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征分析。结果表明,双金属改性的Cu-Mn/SAPO-34催化剂在NH_3-SCR反应中表现出较为优异的催化活性,具有较宽的活性温度窗口。当Cu/Mn质量比为1∶4时,催化剂具有最宽的活性温度窗口,NO_x转化率在250℃已达到85.39%,在300-400℃转化率均达到96%以上,450℃时仍能达到90%。铜和锰物种高度分散于催化剂表面,未改变SAPO-34的晶体结构,且构成协同作用。Cu-Mn共同负载促进了Cu~(2+)向Cu~+的转变,增加了高价态Mn~(4+)和Mn~(3+)的比例,有利于提高低温活性,促进催化反应的进行。Cu-Mn/SAPO-34/1∶4具备丰富的酸性位、良好的氧化还原性能和抗SO_2/H_2O性能,该配比有助于催化剂的催化活性和稳定性的提高。     

K_xFe_yO_z对煤化学链催化燃烧性能影响研究

以廉价的钙铝水泥作为载氧体制备过程的载体,并以机械混合-挤压成型造粒法制备了基于Fe2O3为载氧体活性相、钙铝水泥为载体的新型载氧体。在单流化床反应器上研究了钙铝水泥添加比例以及钾添加剂对合成载氧体的化学链燃烧性能的影响。研究结果表明,合成载氧体中载体以Ca2Al2SiO7形式存在,钾的添加显著提高了煤气化反应速率以及煤转化速率,钾在稳定相中以K2Fe22O34存在。K2Fe22O34在煤化学链燃烧过程的催化性能体现在其作为储钾相与KFeO2相的形态转变过程中。     

Macropolyhedral boron-containing cluster chemistry. Aspects of the S2B16H16 system. Preparation, structure, NMR spectroscopy and isomerism

Thermolysis of [arachno-4-SB₈H₁₂] (1) in boiling cyclohexane gives two isomers 2 and 3 of 18-vertex [S₂B₁₆H₁₆], together with known 12-vertex [closo-1-SB₁₁H₁₁] (4) and known 11-vertex [nido-7-SB₁₀H₁₂] (5). Compounds 2 and 3 are characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and single- and double-resonance ¹¹B- and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. The [n-S₂B₁₆H₁₆] isomer 2 takes the form of nido ten-vertex: nido ten-vertex [anti-B₁₈H₂₂] with the 9 and 9′ positions occupied by S vertices, whereas the [iso-S₂B₁₆H₁₆] isomer 3 takes the form of a nido 11-vertex {SB₁₀} subcluster fused via a common two-boron edge to a nido-type {B₈} subcluster that is additionally linked exo to the {SB₁₀} subcluster by a bridging S atom that is held endo to the {B₈} unit. Isomer 2 is readily deprotonated and its monoanion 6 is characterised by NMR spectroscopy and by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of its [tmndH]⁺[n-S₂B₁₆H₁₅] salt 6b; deprotonation has occurred from an open-face B---H---B bridging site.     

Syntheses of dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin derivatives via iron complexes, and further functionalizations via directed metallation

Double nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions between (cyclopentadienyl)(η⁶-1,2-dichlorobenzene)iron(1 + ) salts and substituted 1,2benzenediols have been carried out under mild conditions to prepare [η⁶-dibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxin]iron(1 + ) complexes functionalized in the 1- or 2-position with an alkyl, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, methoxycarbonyl, carboxamide, or hydroxy group. 3-Methyl- and 4-methyl-(η⁶-1,2-dichlorobenzene)iron complexes were treated with substituted 1,2-benzenediols to effect functionalization of both aromatic rings of the heterocycle. The dibenzodioxin ligands were liberated routinely by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Directed deprotonation of the free functionalized dibenzodioxins with an alkyllithium reagent followed by quenching with a variety of electrophiles yielded further derivatives, including two new isoindolone systems.     

ON THE ROLE OF TYROSINE IN THE PHOTOCYCLE OF BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Abstract -The rate of formation of the M intermediate ( k _M) in the photocycles of bacteriorhodopsin (bR₅₇₀) and of nitrated bacteriorhodopsin (bR₅₃₂ⁿ), is measured over the range between pH 6.5 and 11.5. In the case of bR₅₇₀, k _M is markedly pH dependent, exhibiting a titration-like curve with pK ∽ 10.3. The pH dependency is completely eliminated by nitration. On the basis of previous work by Lemke and Oesterhelt (1981), the effect is attributed to the specific modification of the Tyr 26 residue. The data are rationalized by a mechanism in which deprotonation of Tyr 26 at the stage of the L intermediate constitutes a prerequisite for deprotonation of the retinal-lysine SchifT base. Both reactions are intimately associated with the photo-induced proton pump mechanism.     

THE EFFECT OF IONIC STRENGTH AND pH ON THE PROTONATED SCHIFF BASE AND TYROSINE DEPROTONATION KINETICS DURING THE BACTERIORHODOPSIN PHOTOCYCLE

Abstract— The deprotonation kinetics of tyrosine and the protonated Schiff base during the bacteriorho-dopsin photocycle were studied under different perturbations by transient absorption spectroscop Native purple membrane, as well as samples which were deionized (blue) then restored with Na⁺ or La³⁺ were used at pH's ranging from 7 to 10 at very low salt concentrations. The results were compared with previous studies at higher ionic strength. The important conclusions can be summarized as follows: (a) The rate constants of both the Schiff base and tyrosine deprotonation are not very sensitive to the changes of conditions. (b) An almost linear relationship is observed between the relative amplitudes of the tyrosine deprotonated during the cycle and the slow component of the Schiff base deprotonation under the different perturbations studied. This was taken to support the two site model for the protonated Schiff base, one near tyrosine and the other near its ionized form. (c) The pK_a value determined from the ratio of the amplitude of the fast to the slow component of the Schiff base deprotonation is found to decrease with increasing ionic strength of the medium. At extremely low ionic strength, it was found to equal that of the tyrosine phenolic group in solution.     

浓凝胶转换法制备纳米SAPO-34及其CH4/N2吸附分离性能研究

通过浓凝胶转换法合成了一种厚度约为50 nm, 大小约为200 nm的纳米片状SAPO-34分子筛, 经XRD, SEM, ICP和氮气(77 K)吸附-脱附等方法对其进行了表征, 结果显示, 相比于微米级立方体形的SAPO-34 (2 μm), 本文合成的纳米片状SAPO-34表现出更高的比表面积(818.68 m²/g)和孔容(0.57 cm³/g). 比表面和孔容积的增大使其气体吸附容量得到较大的提升, 其中CH₄的吸附容量达到25.74 cm³/g, 提升了60%, 高于绝大多数分子筛吸附剂, 同时CH₄/N₂的吸附选择性未出现明显下降(3.1), 且达到商用吸附剂水平(＞3.0). 通过CH₄/N₂(体积比1∶1, 298 K)混合气体穿透测试证明所合成的纳米SAPO-34是一种有效的CH₄/N₂分离吸附剂, 在煤层气富集脱氮工业中具有极大的应用潜力.     

NH3-SCR反应过程中NH3和NOx在Cu/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂上的吸附特性和作用

通过离子交换法制得Cu/SAPO-34菱沸石分子筛催化剂, 同时研究了NH₃和NO_x (NO和NO₂)在该催化剂上的吸附位、吸附强度、吸附量和吸附速率, 得到了不同反应气氛在Cu/SAPO-34 上的吸附性能及其在NH₃选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)反应中的作用. 研究采用瞬态实验、程序升温脱附(TPD)和漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(DRIFTS)等方法进行表征实验. 瞬态实验结果表明NH₃是吸附性气体. 程序升温脱附实验和红外漫反射实验结果表明NH₃可以吸附在布朗斯特和路易斯酸性位上形成不同的NH₃物种, 它们显示不同的SCR活性. NH₃在Cu²⁺上的吸附速率最快, 且键强最强. NO_x可以氧化并以硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐的形式吸附在Cu物种上. 最后, 本文讨论了NH₃选择性催化还原反应过程中在Cu物种上的中间物种并推测反应机理.     

Protonation and deprotonation of hydroxamic acids. An MO ab initio study

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations with 4-31G//4-31G, 6-31G^*//4-31G and 6-31+G//4-31G basis sets have been used to examine the structure, relative energy, protonation and deprotonation of a series of seven hydroxamic acids in the gas phase. The results show that hydroxamic acids are predominantly in the E-TS form and that the most probable protonation site is the carbonyl oxygen atom, while deprotonation proceeds by loss of NH hydrogen.     

Silicon polypodands: a new class of efficient solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysts

Silicon polypodands 1-7 were found to be powerful complexing agents of alkali metal salts, even in low polarity media (chlorobenzene) and hence very efficient phase-transfer catalysts. Their catalytic activity was measured in typical anion-promoted reactions under solid-liquid phase-transfer catalysis (SL-PTC) conditions. It is mainly determined by the complexing ability of the ligand, increasing with the number of silicon atoms and binding sites. Comparison with traditional phase-transfer catalysts showed that these polypodands are better catalysts not only than open-chain PEG400Me₂ and TRIDENT, but even than more sophisticated macrocyclic polyethers such as DCH18C6.     

NO_2对Cu/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂上NH_3选择性催化还原NO性能的影响

主要考察了NO2对Cu/SAPO-34分子筛催化剂在整个温度范围内(100-500°C)NH3选择性催化还原(SCR)NO性能的影响.研究所使用样品为新鲜Cu/SAPO-34催化剂在750°C下水热处理4 h的稳定期样品.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品的结构以及形貌进行表征,采用SCR活性评价、动力学实验以及原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in situ-DRIFTS)表征催化剂的性能以及催化剂表面物种的变化.活性评价实验结果表明,NO2会抑制催化剂的低温(100-280°C)活性,但其存在会提高催化剂的高温(280°C以上)活性.与此同时,随着反应物中NO/NO2的摩尔比例减少,由于NH4NO3物种的分解,副产物(N2O)的浓度增大.动力学结果表明,Cu/SAPO-34催化剂上快速SCR反应的表观活化能(Ea=64.02 kJ?mol-1)比标准SCR反应的表观活化能(Ea=48.00 kJ?mol-1)更大.In situ-DRIFTS实验结果表明NO比NO2更容易在催化剂表面形成硝酸盐,并且NO2更容易与吸附在Br?nsted酸性位上的NH3物种反应生成NH4NO3.低温下,催化剂表面的NH4NO3物种会覆盖SCR反应的活性位,造成活性降低,但在高温时,形成的NH4NO3物种一部分会被NO还原为N2,而另一部分会直接热分解为N2O,造成催化剂的选择性降低.     

Electric field driven protonation/deprotonation of self-assembled monolayers of acid-terminated thiols

Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we provide an explanation for the pH dependence of the voltammetric peak height for the electric-field-driven protonation and deprotonation of carboxylic acid-terminated thiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The current flowing through the interface can be divided into a purely capacitive current and a protonation/deprotonation current that is directly related to the rate of change of the SAM's protonation (or deprotonation). We demonstrate that at applied potentials close to those corresponding to half-ionization of the SAM and pHs near the pK(1/2), the equivalent circuit describing the interface consists of a Helmholtz film capacity in parallel with a "protonation/deprotonation" impedance which is further shown to be a series combination of a resistor, Rp, and capacitor Cp. Explicit expressions for Rp and Cp are derived in terms of the rate constants for the forward (protonation) and reverse (deprotonation) reactions. Simulated EIS data demonstrate the agreement between our model of the interface and experimental impedance and voltammetric data.     

晶种法合成UZM-9分子筛及其CO2/CH4/N2吸附分离性能

以TEAOH和TMAOH为有机模板剂,酸处理的UZM-9分子筛为晶种,采用水热法在48 h内合成出分子筛UZM-9,并对其CO₂/CH₄/N₂的吸附分离性能进行了研究。采用XRD、ICP、TG、SEM与气体吸附等手段对晶种法合成的UZM-9分子筛结构、耐水稳定性与吸附性能进行了研究。结果表明,晶种法可以在2 d内合成出硅铝原子比在3以上、收率达到65%的UZM-9分子筛;所得分子筛的CO₂吸附容量可以达到5 mmol/g以上,吸附热为34 kJ/mol,CO₂/CH₄、CO₂/N₂与CH₄/N₂的平均分离因子分别为100、240与2.4,CO₂分离性能优良且具有一定耐水性能。     

PHOTO-CIDNP STUDY OF ADENYLYL-CONTAINING DEOXY-DINUCLEOTIDES. PAIR SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS DUE TO INTRAMOLECULAR CATION RADICAL DEPROTONATION

Abstract— 360 MHz ¹H photo-CIDNP spectra of several adenylyl containing deoxy dinucleotides show that fast deprotonation at the 6-amino group of the adenylyl radical cation can occur via two intramolecular routes. One is mediated by the 5'-phosphomonoester group and only occurs for the pdA moiety at the 3' end of the dinucleotide, e.g. in pdTpdA and pdApdA; molecular model building studies reveal that fluctuations away from the B-DNA like conformation are involved. In the second route the deprotonation is catalyzed by N-l located on an adjacent adenine ring, like in dApdA and pdApdA; it probably occurs for both adenylyl units in a stacked conformation. This fast deprotonation leads to the observation of negative polarization for the adenineH–8 as was observed in the case of adenosine 5-monophosphate in the presence of added phosphate.     

Redox reactions of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) in aqueous solution

Pulse radiolysis technique has been employed to study the reactions of oxidizing (^√OH, N₃^√) and reducing radicals (e⁻_aq, CO₂^√−, acetone ketyl radical) with 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (o-vanillin) at different pH. Hydroxyl radicals react mostly by addition reaction forming radical adducts (λ_max=420 nm) and the oxidation is only a minor process even in the alkaline region. The reaction with azide radicals produced phenoxyl radicals (λ_max=340 nm), which are formed on fast deprotonation of solute radical cation. Using PMZ^√+/PMZ and ABTS^√−/ABTS²⁻ as the reference couple, different methods are employed to determine the one-electron reduction potential of o-vanillin and the average value is estimated to be 1.076±0.004 V vs. NHE at pH 6. The phenoxyl radicals of o-vanillin were able to oxidize ABTS²⁻ quantitatively. The e_aq⁻ is observed to react with o-vanillin with rate constant value of 2×10¹⁰ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹. CO₂^√− and acetone ketyl radical are also observed to react with o-vanillin by electron transfer mechanism and showed the formation of transient absorption bands with λ_max at 350 and 390 nm at pH 4.5 and 9.7, respectively. The pK_a of the one-electron reduced species was determined to be 8.1. The results indicate that the aldehydic group is the most preferred site for electron addition.