尿素/乙醇胺复配增塑聚乙烯醇性能的研究

采用尿素/乙醇胺为复合增塑剂,利用流延法制备了增塑改性的PVA膜.通过FTIR法研究了尿素/乙醇胺复合体系与PVA的相互作用,采用XRD、DSC考察了增塑改性PVA膜的结晶性能和热性能.研究结果表明,乙醇胺作为尿素的良溶剂,能有效抑制尿素从PVA基体中析出.由尿素、乙醇胺组成的复合增塑剂能破坏PVA分子中的氢键作用、降低PVA的结晶度和熔点,对PVA的增塑作用显著.增塑改性后的PVA膜在水中的溶胀率(DS)下降,溶失率(S)增加.力学性能测试表明增塑改性后的PVA膜拉伸强度(TS)降低,断裂伸长率(E%)提高.含30phr尿素/乙醇胺的PVA膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率分别为23.89MPa和542.88%.     

氯化镁/氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑改性淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯共混材料的结构与性能

用氯化镁/氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIM]Cl)复合增塑剂改性淀粉/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)共混材料,采用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)及力学性能测试等方法研究了氯化镁/[BMIM]Cl改性淀粉/PBS共混材料的结构和性能.结果表明,氯化镁能与淀粉及PBS形成较强的相互作用,从而破坏淀粉及PBS原有的氢键,导致淀粉/PBS共混体系结构和性能的改变.与[BMIM]Cl改性体系相比,氯化镁/[BMIM]Cl改性体系能进一步增强淀粉与PBS的界面结合力,提高共混体系的相容性;使淀粉/PBS的熔融焓、结晶度及结晶温度降低,冷结晶温度升高;提高共混体系的力学强度和断裂伸长率,抑制[BMIM]Cl因高效增塑产生的强度降低作用.采用氯化镁/[BMIM]Cl改性淀粉/PBS可制备出具有良好力学性能的淀粉/PBS共混材料.     

谷朊粉/淀粉/甘油混合体系的流变行为与力学性能

研究了甘油增塑谷朊粉/淀粉混合体系的动态流变行为与单轴拉伸力学性能,考察了淀粉与水含量的影响.研究结果表明,含水量10%的混合体系储能模量(G′)随淀粉含量增大而增大,并在100℃出现橡胶平台.增塑谷朊粉在30℃呈现凝胶特性,在80℃出现交联网络结构.淀粉粒子可与小麦蛋白质形成复杂相互作用,阻碍蛋白质链段运动,导致模量与强度增加,断裂伸长率降低.含水量为20%与25%时,水份在淀粉粒子与蛋白质网络间起稀释和润滑作用,拉伸强度与断裂伸长率随淀粉含量的增高而降低.     

热塑性淀粉中氢键及其对性能的影响

热塑性淀粉中的氢键对热塑性淀粉的性能有决定性的作用．本文利用红外光谱分析甘油或甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉中塑化剂和淀粉间的氢键形成情况，发现在淀粉中，与塑化剂形成氢键的主要是C-O-C基团中的氧原子和C-O-H基团中的氢原子；而且过量的塑化剂之间会形成氢键，减弱塑化剂与C-O-C中氧原子的氢键作用．与甘油相比，甲酰胺可以和淀粉形成更稳定的氢键．X-ray衍射研究了氢键对两种热塑性淀粉在不同湿度环境下的回生性能的影响．结果表明甲酰胺可以有效抑制淀粉回生．热动态力学分析(DMTA)研究发现，氢键使甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉的玻璃化转变温度更低．氢键使甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉强度和杨氏模量低，但伸长率和断裂能大．     

乙酰化淀粉的塑化和性能研究

以乙酰化改性淀粉为基体,甘油为增塑剂,利用哈克旋转流变仪密炼制备热塑性乙酰化淀粉.实验结果表明制备热塑性乙酰化淀粉的甘油/乙酰化淀粉配比应大于30/100(W/W),且随甘油含量增加,热塑性乙酰化淀粉的脆性降低.动态机械热分析(DMTA)显示热塑性乙酰化淀粉包含富甘油和富淀粉两相,乙酰化淀粉和甘油为部分互溶.流变学分析显示淀粉分子间作用力非常强,表现为类固态行为.同时本文对材料的热稳定性进行了初步研究.     

PVA/PEG/Mg(OH)_2复合材料体系的非等温结晶行为

采用熔融共混法,以聚乙二醇(PEG)为增塑剂、Mg(OH)2为稳定剂制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/PEG/Mg(OH)2复合材料。利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)考察了PVA/PEG/Mg(OH)2复合体系中PVA的非等温结晶行为。结果表明:在熔融过程中PEG与PVA大分子形成的分子间氢键,破坏了PVA分子内或分子间的氢键,改善了PVA的热塑性能,使研究其熔融结晶行为成为可能。     

甘油单醚类化合物对纤维素膜的增塑作用

报道甘油单丁醚、单己醚、单庚醚和单辛醚４种化合物的合成，并用作再生纤维素膜的增塑剂．实验结果表明这４种甘油单醚类化合物对纤维素膜具有较好的增塑作用，随增塑剂单醚碳原子数的增加，增塑效果降低，但增塑剂与纤维素分子间相互作用增强．经甘油单己醚、单庚醚和单辛醚增塑的再生纤维素膜其耐水洗性明显高于甘油增塑的膜．     

氯化镁增塑改性聚乙烯醇

以氯化镁为增塑剂, 采用流延法制备了增塑改性聚乙烯醇(PVA). 研究了氯化镁与PVA的相互作用以及氯化镁增塑改性PVA的结晶性能、 热性能和机械性能. 研究结果表明, 氯化镁能与PVA大分子发生较强的相互作用, 从而破坏PVA分子链内和链间的氢键, 降低PVA的结晶度. 氯化镁对PVA的热性能影响显著, PVA在加入氯化镁后的热分解过程由纯PVA的两段失重过程转变成三段失重过程. 氯化镁可有效增塑PVA, 其玻璃化转变温度降低, 拉伸强度下降, 断裂伸长率上升, 储能模量下降.     

环境友好型增塑剂增塑PVC体系的性能测试与分析

以传统增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)为参比对象,研究了对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)、环己烷1,2-二羧酸二异壬酯(DINCH)、聚酯3种环境友好型增塑剂增塑PVC体系的效果,对其力学性能、低温性能、稳定性能与光学性能等做了全面对比与分析。结果表明:在力学性能上,DOTP增塑PVC的效果最佳;在低温性能上,DINCH增塑PVC的效果最佳;在稳定性能上,聚酯增塑PVC的效果最佳;在光学性能上,DINCH增塑PVC的效果最佳。由此可见,针对不同使用领域,DOTP、DINCH和聚酯可取代统增塑剂DOP。     

尿素和甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉

用甲酰胺和尿素作为塑化剂制备了热塑性淀粉 (TPS) .扫描电镜显示甲酰胺和尿素混合物可以使淀粉塑化 ,形成均一的连续相 ;根据FT IR谱图可以确定 ,与甘油相比 ,甲酰胺可以使热塑性淀粉体系在保存时更稳定 ,各基团的化学环境变化更小 ,这是由于甲酰胺可以和淀粉羟基形成更稳定的氢键 .X ray衍射说明甲酰胺和尿素 (重量比为 10 % 2 0 % )作为混合塑化剂可以有效抑制淀粉的回生 ,同时防止尿素结晶析出 .在RH=33%的湿度环境保存 1周 ,这种热塑性淀粉有良好的拉伸强度、伸长率和断裂能 ,分别达到 4 83MPa ,10 4 6 %和 2 17N·m .水含量对热塑性淀粉的力学性能的影响也被研究 .另外 ,热失重实验和吸水实验说明这种热塑性淀粉的热稳定性和耐水性也要优于常用的甘油塑化热塑性淀粉     

Ethanolamine as a novel plasticiser for thermoplastic starch

Ethanolamine plasticised thermoplastic starch (ETPS) was prepared using a novel plasticiser ethanolamine. SEM images show that the native starch granules were destroyed, and the ethanolamine made them come into a uniform continuous phase. FTIR spectroscopy showed that the hydrogen bonds between the ethanolamine and starch molecules weakened the strong effect of starch intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The ETPS successfully restrains the re-crystallization of traditional thermoplastic starch plasticised by glycerol (GTPS), which was proved by XRD. The mechanical properties of ETPS, such as Young's modulus and breaking energy and the water absorption were improved. The glass-transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability were also studied by DSC and TGA.     

甲酰胺塑化热塑性淀粉的性能研究

用甲酰胺作为塑化剂制备了热塑性淀粉 (TPS) ,扫描电镜显示甲酰胺可以使淀粉塑化 ,形成均一的连续相 ;流变性能说明在加工温度范围内 ,甲酰胺塑化淀粉 (FPTPS)的剪切应力对温度变化敏感性要小于甘油塑化淀粉 (GPTPS) ;用热重和DSC研究了热稳定性和玻璃化转变 ;FPTPS在 13%～ 2 3%的水含量时有较好的力学性能 ,水含量为 13%时 ,FPTPS有最大的断裂强度 3 9MPa ;水含量为 17%时 ,FPTPS最大的伸长率为 95 % ;与GPTPS相比 ,在RH(Relativehumidity) =0 5 0 %and 10 0 %环境下 ,FPTPS有良好的耐回生性能 ,这主要是因为甲酰胺可以和淀粉羟基形成更稳定的氢键     

Interactions of hydrophilic plasticizer molecules with amorphous starch biopolymer—an investigation into the glass transition and the water activity behavior

In this article, we demonstrated that within a hydrophilic biopolymer–plasticizer system, the molecular “activity” of the plasticizer also influenced the extent of these interactions. We demonstrated through an analysis of crystallinity and calorimetry results that the equilibrium moisture content within the starch matrix can preferentially interact with the hydrophilic plasticizers and modify the polymer recrystallization process to an extent that the commonly acknowledged relationship between the crystallinity and the glass transition behavior is disrupted. Two plasticizers, glycerol (three ? OH groups) and xylitol (five ? OH groups), were selected. The water sorption isotherm of polymer samples with 5–20 wt % (dry basis) plasticizers were examined across a water activity range from ～0.11 to ～0.95 and using Guggenheim‐Anderson‐de Boer analysis, we compared the molar sorption enthalpies of various starch–plasticizer mixtures. Finally, the competitive plasticization between water and plasticizer molecules at different water activities was also discussed using known glass transition models. The analyses validated the antiplasticization limit for glycerol to be ～10–15 wt %, but for xylitol, its antiplasticization behavior did not manifest till 20 wt %. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2011     

Synthesis of aliphatic amidediol and used as a novel mixed plasticizer for thermoplastic starch

In this paper,aliphatic amidediol was synthesized and mixed with glycerol used as a plasticizer for preparing thermoplastic starch（AGPTPS）.The yield of aliphatic amidediol was 91%.FF-IR expressed that the mixture of aliphatic amidediol and glycerol formed stronger and stable hydrogen bond with starch molecules compared to the native cornstarch.By scanning electron microscope（SEM）native cornstarch granules were proved to transfer to a homogeneous continuous system.After being stored for a period time at room temperature,the mechanical properties of AGPTPS were also studied.As a mixed plasticizer,aliphatic amidediol and glycerol would be practical to extend TPS application scopes.     

The influence of the plasticizer nature on the selectivity of ion-selective electrodes to physiologically active amine cations: Regularities and abnormalities

The influence of the nature of plasticizer in the membrane of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) on its selectivity to cations of more than 20 physiologically active amines (PAA) is studied. It is found that an increase in the basicity of the plasticizer leads to a sharp increase in the membrane selectivity to PAA cations with lower degrees of the substitution of the salt-forming nitrogen atom, and also to PAA cations with nonionic polar groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds with Lewis bases. PAA cations forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds are an exception. The effect of the nature of the ion exchanger on the selectivity to PAA cations is strongest when plasticizers with low basicity are used; the selectivity of membranes with plasticizers of high basicity does not depend on the nature of the ion exchanger. For ISEs based on the neutral carrier dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB-18-C-6), the best selectivity to primary amine cations in comparison to secondary and tertiary ones is achieved using plasticizers with low basicity.     

A Novel Plasticizer for the Preparation of Thermoplastic Starch

TPS was a biodegradable material based on starch. Starch was an inexpensive and natural renewable polysaccharide, which was widely investigated as the substitute of petroleum-derived plastics. Native starch commonly existed in granule structure with about…     

Preparation,characterization and performances of biodegradable thermoplastic starch

A biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) was successfully prepared from plasticizer ethanolamine and native cornstarch. The hydrogen bonding interaction between starch and ethanolamine was investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR). When the ethanolamine mass content was 30%, after the ethanolamine‐plasticized thermoplastic starch (ETPS) was stored at RH 50% for 14 days, the mechanical testing showed that the maximum tensile stress of the ETPS reached 5.98 MPa, the tensile strain reached 106.52%, Young's modulus increased from 38.14 MPa of glycerol‐plasticized thermoplastic starch (GTPS) to 75.32 MPa of ETPS, and the breaking energy increased from 1.921 N·m to 2.305 N·m, which indicated that the mechanical properties of ETPS evidently excelled those of the GTPS. The effects of water contents on the mechanical properties of ETPS and GTPS were studied. A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the low‐temperature transition and the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the ETPS were ?58 and 22°C respectively, which were lower than that of the GTPS. The ETPS effectively restrained the re‐crystallization of traditional GTPS, which was proved by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images presented that ethanolamine made starch uniform. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Wheat gluten films obtained by compression molding

Edible films based on plasticized wheat gluten protein were prepared by intensive mixing followed by compression molding. The effects of water and glycerol, which were selected as plasticizers for the wheat gluten, as well as the processing conditions (mixing time and molding temperature) on the physical and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated. The resulting films were characterized in terms of moisture sorption, total soluble matter, water vapor permeability, dynamic mechanical and tensile properties. It was found that plasticizer type and concentration had a dominating effect on mechanical properties and WVP, while other physical properties remain almost non-affected. Moreover, the effect of the added plasticizer (glycerol) on the film properties strongly depends on natural presence of water in commercial gluten (9% as is). On the other hand, the pressing temperature affected the final properties of the films more than the mixing time because the former influences the final cross-linking degree of the protein network. Processing temperatures higher than 100 °C led to darker films that would be discarded by consumers if they were used as food packaging.     

Barrier and mechanical properties of modified starches

The study addressed starch-based coatings on paper and fabrics. Coated materials and free starch films containing different amounts of a well-established plasticizer (glycerol) or potential plasticizer (mainly polyols) were tested with respect to water vapour permeance (WVPe), water vapour permeability (WVP), glass transition temperature (T_g), and mechanical strength (tensile tests). Both normal and high- amylose potato starch were used. These starches were modified by (a) oxidation, (b) oxidation and hydroxypropylation or (c) oxidation and hydrophobically modified by reaction with octenyl- or alkenyl-substituted succinic acid anhydride. Free films of hydroxypropylated high-amylose potato starch showed a lower WVP than did the corresponding starches based on regular potato starch. The WVP of the hydrophobically modified regular potato starches was substantially higher than that of films of the corresponding hydroxypropylated starches. The expected hydrophobic effect of the succinic acid anhydrides in terms of a reduced WVP could not be observed. When glycerol was used as a plasticizer, about 30 parts (by wt.) per hundred parts of starch were needed in order to reduce the T_g and to cause observable changes in the mechanical properties of the free films.