嵌段共聚物反介观液晶相新方法合成多级有序排列的二氧化硅纳米棒

在非极性溶剂体系中,开辟了利用反相液晶法制备多级有序纳米材料的新方法.利用嵌段共聚物表面活性剂在非极性溶剂中形成反相胶束,无机硅物种可以进入胶束的内部,在溶剂挥发后,有机-无机物种进一步组装成为反相六方液晶相.除去模板剂后即制备出尺寸规则的二氧化硅纳米棒材料.由于嵌段高分子的作用,六方排列的二氧化硅纳米棒进一步排列成层状结构(层间距约150nm).通过选择表面活性剂及改变其浓度,纳米棒的尺寸可以在9～15nm范围内调变.该反应途径对于合成其它尺寸均一、多级有序排列的纳米棒材料是非常有意义的.     

硫化镉/二氧化硅复合材料的合成

结合亲核取代反应与硅氧烷水解和硅羟基缩合反应,制备了羧酸镉/二氧化硅复合材料。通过硫化反应,实现了立方结构和六方结构硫化镉纳米粒子在复合材料中的原位制备。复合材料中硫化镉纳米粒子的发射峰位在617 nm,属于红色荧光(三元色之一)。硫化镉/二氧化硅复合材料在光学器件方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

键合型纳米纤维素手性固定相的制备及其手性拆分

通过碱法水解制备了纳米纤维素,并进一步衍生化得到了区域选择性纳米纤维素衍生物,通过化学键合法将纳米纤维素衍生物固定于硅胶基质上,制备了键合型纳米纤维素手性固定相。通过高效液相色谱对纳米纤维素键合的固定相进行手性拆分性能评价,探讨了溶剂效应(醇的浓度、流动相添加剂)对手性拆分的影响。     

超声波辅助侧柏叶水提液制备粒径可控的银纳米颗粒

使用植物质制备银纳米颗粒的方法具有绿色、经济、环保的特点,受到全球科学家的青睐。本实验使用超声波辅助侧柏叶水提液制备银纳米颗粒的新方法,得到粒径可控的球状银纳米颗粒。通过实验得出,超声波可提高侧柏叶植物质的提取效率且对植物质的性质无明显影响,超声波辅助反应可制备出粒径更小的银纳米颗粒并可提高产率。此外,超声波功率、银离子浓度、侧柏叶植物质浓度的调整均可制备出不同粒径范围的银纳米颗粒。     

生物模板法制备纳米氧化锌及其表征

本文以油菜花粉为生物模板,硝酸锌为锌源制备了一种分级多孔结构的纳米氧化锌。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和 FTIR等技术手段对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,采用油菜花粉为生物模板制备的氧化锌纳米材料为六方纤锌矿结构,较好的复制了花粉的分级多孔结构。同时,研究了制备条件诸如煅烧温度和反应物浓度对产物结构、形貌和尺度的影响。     

生物模板法制备纳米氧化锌

本文以油菜花粉为生物模板、硝酸锌为锌源制备了一种分级多孔结构的纳米氧化锌。采用SEM、TEM、XRD和FTIR等技术手段对其进行了表征。实验结果表明,采用油菜花粉为生物模板制备的氧化锌纳米材料为六方纤锌矿结构,较好地复制了花粉的分级多孔结构。同时,研究了制备条件诸如煅烧温度和反应物浓度对产物结构、形貌和尺度的影响。     

金@银核壳纳米粒子的制备和形貌的精确控制及其表面增强拉曼光谱性能

用种子生长法制备了金@银核壳结构的纳米粒子。在制备过程中通过控制氯金酸的浓度和硝酸银的体积,得到了不同粒径的金核和不同厚度的银壳构成的核壳纳米粒子。从而得到了具有不同SERS性能的金@银核壳纳米粒子。选取具有最佳SERS性能的金@银核壳纳米粒子实现了对罗丹明6G的微量检测。     

金@银核壳纳米粒子的制备和形貌的精确控制及其表面增强拉曼光谱性能

用种子生长法制备了金@银核壳结构的纳米粒子。在制备过程中通过控制氯金酸的浓度和硝酸银的体积,得到了不同粒径的金核和不同厚度的银壳构成的核壳纳米粒子。从而得到了具有不同SERS性能的金@银核壳纳米粒子。并选取具有最佳SERS性能的金@银核壳纳米粒子实现了对罗丹明6G的微量检测。     

pH值对LaVO_4:Eu~(3+)纳米晶的相变及发光性能的影响

运用水热法通过调节p H值制备了La VO4:Eu3+纳米晶体,采用XRD,SEM,TEM,PL对产物进行了表征,研究了单一因素p H对产物物相、形貌以及发光性能的影响。XRD结果表明,p H为8时可以得到纯的四方相La VO4:Eu3+晶体;SEM与TEM结果表明,生成的产物形貌有片状、六方棒状、针状和蠕虫状;PL结果表明具有片状、针状单斜相和六方棒状四方相的La VO4:Eu3+晶体具有最好的发光性能。     

氟离子浓度对稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米材料形貌及荧光寿命的影响

利用溶剂热法制备了Yb³⁺、Er³⁺共掺的NaYF₄上转换发光纳米材料。实验结果表明,不同F^-离子对纳米晶的晶型和粒径尺寸起着重要的作用。低F^-离子浓度下,NaYF₄纳米材料的粒径尺寸随F^-离子浓度的增加逐渐变小且趋于均一;高F^-离子浓度下,六方晶相的形成受到抑制,上转换纳米晶出现团聚现象。在一定浓度范围内,F^-离子的浓度有利于促进荧光发射。同时F^-离子浓度对荧光寿命也有显著的影响。     

水溶性银纳米材料的制备及抗菌性能研究进展

综述了近年来水溶性银纳米材料的研究进展;主要介绍了水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法、产物形貌和作为抗菌材料的应用,并对其发展前景作了展望.指出水溶性银纳米材料的制备方法主要有相转移法、化学还原法等;合成得到的Ag纳米材料呈球形、线形、棒状、三角形、立方形和树枝晶状等多种形貌.作为一类性能优异的新型抗菌材料,水溶性Ag纳米材料的抗菌性能与其粒径和形貌相关.     

长余辉纳米材料的控制合成及在疾病诊断中的应用

长余辉纳米材料具有独特的发光性质, 能在激发光关闭后持续发光. 通过收集激发光关闭后的长余辉发光信号可以有效消除背景信号的干扰. 此外, 长余辉材料在成像时无需原位激发, 可以减少生物体系的组织自发荧光和光散射干扰, 提高生物成像和检测的灵敏度. 由于这种独特的光学特性, 长余辉纳米材料在生物传感/生物成像以及疾病治疗等领域被广泛应用. 近年来, 为满足疾病相关生物标志物的体外检测及体内生物成像的应用要求, 控制合成发光性能优异、 生物相容性好的长余辉纳米材料成为研究热点.     

A chemical approach for cell-specific targeting of nanomaterials: small-molecule-initiated misfolding of nanoparticle corona proteins

A major challenge in nanomaterial science is to develop approaches that ensure that when administered in vivo, nanoparticles can be targeted to their requisite site of action. Herein we report the first approach that allows for cell-specific uptake of nanomaterials by a process involving reprogramming of the behavior of the ubiquitous protein corona of nanomaterials. Specifically, judicious surface modification of quantum dots with a small molecule that induces a protein-misfolding event in a component of the nanoparticle-associated protein corona renders the associated nanomaterials susceptible to cell-specific, receptor-mediated endocytosis. We see this chemical approach as a new and general method for exploiting the inescapable protein corona to target nanomaterials to specific cells.     

Synthesis and modification of silicon nanosheets and other silicon nanomaterials

Silicon nanomaterials and nanostructures exhibit different properties from those of bulk silicon materials based on quantum confinement effects. They are expected to lead to the development of new applications of silicon, in addition to wide use in semiconductor devices. Aside from industrial interest, intriguing issues of academic interest still remain with respect to the origins of their characteristic properties. Zero- and one-dimensional crystalline silicon nanomaterials have been synthesized, to date, by using many methods and there has been rapid progress in size control and modification procedures. However, there have been only a few examples of silicon nanomaterials with atomic-order thickness akin to carbon nanomaterials, such as two-dimensional silicon nanosheets. Moreover, mass production of silicon nanomaterials with relatively low cost is not easily achievable, due to the typically severe conditions required for fabrication, such as high temperature and ultralow pressure. Recently, we have developed a soft synthetic method for silicon nanosheets with chemical surface modification in a solution process. This review provides methods for the synthesis and modification of silicon nanosheets and other silicon nanomaterials with examples of their potential applications.     

复杂一维纳米材料的构筑及储钠性能

一维纳米材料因其独特的结构和物化性质而被广泛应用于能源存储与转换等领域. 钠离子电池由于钠资源储量丰富和成本低廉等特点而有望用于大规模能源存储. 随着能源需求的不断增长和研究的日益深入,一维纳米材料也经历着结构从简单到复杂、性能从一般到优异的演变. 因此,构筑结构复杂独特、储钠性能优异的一维纳米材料已成为储能领域的热点之一. 结合当前的研究热点和本课题组的研究进展,本文重点阐述了有机酸辅助干燥法、水热法和静电纺丝法制备复杂一维纳米材料的详细机理及其储钠性能,材料包括束状纳米线、介孔纳米管、豌豆状纳米管和离子预嵌入纳米带等,并对它们的结构与储钠性能相关性进行了详细分析. 这为一维纳米材料后续的研究和应用提供了一定的指导和帮助.     

Fabrication of ZnO "dandelions" via a modified Kirkendall process

We report that in addition to the fabrication of hollow nanomaterials, the Kirkendall-type diffusion can also be utilized in synthetic nanoarchitecture, through which low-dimensional nanobuilding blocks can be designed and organized chemically into complex geometrical conformations. Our approach may provide a new chemical alternative to materials self-organization. In principle, a great variety of inorganic "dandelions" and their nanocomposites can be tailored and fabricated through this type of total synthetic architecture.     

Silicon nanoclusters selectively generated by laser ablation in supercritical fluid

A novel method for generating nanomaterials is developed by performing laser ablation of silicon crystals in supercritical fluid. The method is shown to successfully generate silicon nanoclusters, and to allow for the selective generation of clusters having different electronic structures. This selective fabrication enables us to obtain the nanoclusters via a dry process, by changing only the fluid density and/or temperature when ablation is performed. The experimental procedures are not highly specialized, and a variety of researchers unfamiliar with wet chemical processes are able to obtain nanoclusters with different properties in only a few minutes. This new method can also be used to selectively obtain other semiconductor or metal nanomaterials with different properties.     

表面光电压测量中的最佳相位

对基于锁相放大技术的表面光电压测量中的“最佳相位"的物理意义及影响因素进行了系统的理论分析及实验验证.结果表明,对于通常所采用的金属-绝缘体-半导体（MIS）“三明治"测量结构,其等效阻抗会很大程度地影响到最佳相位.对于体相材料,“最佳相位"仅与测量条件有关;对于纳米材料等体系,光照可以改变MIS结构的等效电阻(Rins)、等效电容(Cins),从而将引起最佳相位角的显著变化,使“最佳相位”与所研究材料的特性直接关联起来.因此,该手段有可能成为一种新的纳米材料光电检测方法.     

电化学技术制备纳米材料研究的新进展

利用电化学方法制备与组装纳米材料是近年来发展起来的一项新技术.本文对电化学方法在纳米材料制备中的应用及其研究进展做了较为全面的概述,着重介绍了模板电化学法合成纳米材料、稳定剂保护下电化学还原法制备金属溶胶、电化学台阶边缘修饰法制备一维纳米材料以及脉冲超声电化学法制备纳米粒子,并对其应用前景做了展望.     

Nanomaterials for rechargeable lithium batteries

Energy storage is more important today than at any time in human history. Future generations of rechargeable lithium batteries are required to power portable electronic devices (cellphones, laptop computers etc.), store electricity from renewable sources, and as a vital component in new hybrid electric vehicles. To achieve the increase in energy and power density essential to meet the future challenges of energy storage, new materials chemistry, and especially new nanomaterials chemistry, is essential. We must find ways of synthesizing new nanomaterials with new properties or combinations of properties, for use as electrodes and electrolytes in lithium batteries. Herein we review some of the recent scientific advances in nanomaterials, and especially in nanostructured materials, for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.