采用一体化燃煤添加剂的燃烧中固硫作用研究

针对五个不同煤种 ,研制出与之相匹配的催化燃烧及固硫一体化添加剂 ,采用高温定硫仪对其燃烧固硫效果进行了评价 ,考察了温度、Ca S摩尔比等影响因素 ,并着重讨论了一体化添加剂中催化燃烧组分的协同固硫作用。结果表明 ,一体化添加剂中的金属催化组分对CaO固硫具有较大的协同促进作用 ,固硫作用适宜的Ca S摩尔比因而可适当降低 ,一体化添加剂在燃烧固硫方面比传统单一组分固硫剂更具优越性 ,从而使催化燃烧和燃烧固硫两个过程有机地结合在一起。     

燃煤固硫及催化燃烧一体化添加剂的催化作用机理研究

用热重法研究了燃煤固硫及催化燃烧一体化添加剂对峰峰烟煤的催化燃烧和催化固硫作用，采用非等温燃烧反应模型和粒子模型，计算了加入一体化添加剂前后煤的燃烧反应动力学和固硫反应动力学参数，对一体化添加剂的催化作用机理进行了分析。结果表明，一体化添加剂中金属催化组分Fe2O3对煤的燃烧和固硫组分CaO的固硫均起到了较好的催化促进作用。一体化添加剂的加入可提高煤的燃烧反应速率，外加金属离子通过电荷迁移使碳表面的棱、角、缺陷等活性部位增加，加快了氧气的吸附速度，使反应活化能和频率因子降低。在燃烧固硫反应，一体化添加剂中金属助剂Fe2O3催化了SO2转变为SO3的过程，使固硫组分CaO的硫酸盐化反应表面化学反应速度常数k和有效扩散系数D增大，在固硫反应的产物层扩散控制阶段，Fe2O3的存在使得CaO晶粒团之间相互接触黏连的几率减小，减轻了固硫产物CaSO4的团聚，弱化了扩散作用的影响，减轻了CaO固硫反应的孔窒息效应。     

金属盐对O2/CO2煤粉混燃钙基脱硫反应的影响

利用添加剂调制改性的方法，考察了以碳酸钠为代表的金属盐对石灰石微观结构的影响，得出调制改性优化了石灰石的物理结构，并在离子比γ为15∶1的加入量效果最佳。在此基础上，借助定硫仪比较了O2-CO2气氛下调制前后石灰石对燃煤SO2释放的影响，并对燃烧产物进行灰熔点分析及灰成分的XRD测试。实验结果表明，在不影响煤粉燃烧结渣特性的前提下，改性后的石灰石可以更有效地抑制SO2的排放，固硫效果在1 000 ℃时达到最佳。     

黄铁矿表面改性产物的XRD谱研究

用Ｘ射线衍射技术（ＸＲＤ）分析了重庆中梁山矿的煤系黄铁矿不同氧化程度及改性后的表面结构。根据改性前后的ＸＲＤ数据，推导出不同电化学条件下的表面产物，为浮选分离煤系黄铁矿提供理论依据。     

热重分析法研究贝壳固硫反应动力学

采用热分析法研究了贝壳和石灰石固硫反应过程, 用等效粒子模型对固硫反应过程进行了表征, 计算分析了其固硫反应动力学参数. 结果表明, 贝壳比石灰石含有较多的碱金属盐, 其作用是提高了贝壳固硫反应速率常数和有效扩散系数. 贝壳固硫反应中存在补偿效应. 根据等动力学温度判别固硫剂活性适用于不同反应控制区的活性判断. 碱金属成分对钙基固硫剂活性有正负两个方面的影响, 含量过大或过小都会削弱固硫剂活性, 因而存在最适含量. 在1 073～1 273 K温区固硫时, 钙基固硫剂中碱金属离子与钙离子摩尔比为1∶50左右时固硫活性较高.     

用于流化床燃烧脱硫的石灰石固硫反应模型

在模拟流化床燃烧脱硫气氛和温度条件下，建立了石灰石煅与固硫反应同时进行的数学模型。描述了两反应过程之间的相互影响及石灰石内部晶粒大小、孔隙率和运行参数对反应过程的影响。模型的合理性通过理论计算和实验结果的比较得到验证。     

添加剂对燃煤电石渣固硫的促进作用

在煤的燃烧过程中采用钙基固硫技术脱除SO2等气体污染物，是实现煤高效清洁燃烧的有效措施之一。传统钙基固硫剂价格低廉，但普遍存在固硫剂利用率低，固硫反应速率与硫析出速率不一致，以及高温下形成的固硫产物易于分解等缺点。研究表明，在钙基固硫剂中掺入微量添加剂可以有效提高钙基固硫剂的固硫率。添加剂主要起两大作用，一是对煤的燃烧过程有助燃和促进作用，提高钙基利用率；二是在燃烧过程中形成耐热稳定的物相或熔融物相包裹固硫物相，从而抑制固硫物相的分解，阻止SO2的排放。     

碱金属氟化物/La2O3催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了碱金属氟化物添加剂对Ｌａ２Ｏ３的甲烷氧化偶联反应催化性能的影响，发现ＮａＦ的促进效应最明显，还研究了ＮａＦ含量对催化剂 批表面积、活性选择性的影响，发现催人上比表面积与活性存在着对应关系，温度改变，催化剂的活性选择性了将随之发生变化，在１０７３Ｋ，Ｃ２收率达到最大值，约１８．０％，应用ＸＲＤ，ＸＰＳ等技术对反应前后催化剂的表面组成和结构进行了表征。     

型煤燃烧固硫特性的TG／DTG—GC研究

采用ＴＧ／ＤＴＧ－ＧＣ技术研究不同固硫剂／助燃睦型煤燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,助燃剂在对煤燃烧产生的助燃作用的同时减少甚至消除燃烧反应后期ＳＯ２的释放,进一步证实固硫剂与助燃剂的协同作用,同时,有些固硫剂本身也是一种助燃剂,单一组分助燃剂的助燃作用元宵 如复合型助燃剂,但二者助燃作用均与固硫剂有关。     

复合钙硅固硫剂的固硫反应动力学研究

用机械混合法、沉淀法及溶胶-凝胶法制备了Ca-Si系列复合固硫剂,并用热分析法分别研究其固硫性能和固硫过程,用等效粒子模型对固硫反应的动力学过程进行表征,计算了各固硫反应的动力学参数.研究结果表明,氧化钙固硫动力学参数活化能与指前因子之间存在着耦合现象,即反应活化能E_a下降时,指前因子k₀相应下降,反之,活化能增加时,指前因子相应增加.用不同方法制备的Ca-Si复合固硫剂的固硫性能和固硫过程有明显差别,但其固硫率都高于纯CaCO₃,其中溶胶-凝胶法效果最好;Ca-Si系列复合固硫剂对固硫反应的影响表现为在反应初期(即化学反应控制阶段),其反应速率较纯CaCO₃的低;而到反应后期(即产物层扩散控制阶段),其反应速率显著增加,固硫反应温度越高,这种影响越明显,与固硫转化率的实验结果非常吻合.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.