微波辅助法制备铈锆固溶体在CO低温氧化反应中的应用

采用共沉淀法并分别结合室温老化、常规加热回流和微波辅助加热回流三种不同的处理方法制备了铈锆固溶体Co0.6Zr0.4O2,并以其为载体制备了CuO/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂.采用N2吸附、X射线衍射和H2程序升温还原等技术对Ce0.6Zr0.4O2载体和CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂的织构特性和可还原性进行了表征,另外还考察了CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂对CO低温氧化反应的催化活性.结果表明,采用微波辅助加热回流处理方法制备的CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2载体具有最大的比表面积(170.8 m2/g)和孔容(0.408 cm3/g),以其为载体所制备的CuO/Ce0.6zr0.4O2催化剂,其CuO具有良好的分散性和低温可还原性,在CO低温氧化反应中表现出最好的催化活性.     

CuxCe1-xO2-x/SiO2催化剂上Co催化氧化及反应活化能

以SiO2为载体,利用共浸渍法制备了不同Cu、ce摩尔比和含量的CuxCe1-xO2-x/SiO2(x-0～1)催化剂,在消除内、外扩散的条件下,评价了催化剂的CO催化氧化活性,求取了反应的活化能,并对催化剂的结构进行了表征.结果表明,CuxCe1-xO2-x/SiO2催化剂的活性和反应活化能与Cu、Ce摩尔比和CuxCe1-xO2-x含量都有关系,其中Cu、ce摩尔比为1:1的25%Cu0.5,Ce0.5,O1.5/SiO2催化剂具有最好的催化活性和最低的反应活化能,CO能够在169℃时完全转化,反应的活化能为56.1 kJ/mol.对于Cu0.5Ce0.5O1.5系列催化剂,活性组分含量较低时,催化剂的物相主要是CuO-CeO2固溶体,含量大于35%时开始有CuO物相生成.对于不同Cu、Ce摩尔比的催化剂,Cu摩尔含量较高时主要是CuO物相,Cu摩尔含量较低时主要是CuO-CeO2固溶体和CeO2物相.活性组分Ce和Cu之间、活性组分和载体之间存在着一定的相互作用,其对催化剂的活性和反应活化能有一定的影响.     

介孔Ce1-xZrxO2负载的Cu基催化剂在富氢条件下催化CO选择性氧化

采用多元醇为模板剂合成了介孔Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0.2,0.35,0.5)固溶体材料,并以其为载体负载CuO制备了Cu基催化剂.应用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附和N2吸附-脱附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Zr的取代比例x值对载体和Cu基催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,所有Ce1-xZrxO2样品均为介孔材料,其中Ce0.5-Zr0.5O2载体样品有较大的比表面积(181m2/g),CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品在富氢条件下有较高的催化CO选择性氧化反应的活性和选择性.与其他催化剂样品相比,CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品中形成的活性中心更多,分散性更好,对CO的吸附量更大,CO脱附温度更低,活性组分与载体的相互作用更强。     

草酸盐热分解法制备CeO_2负载CuO催化剂用于CO优先氧化反应

采用草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备了一系列不同CuO负载量的CuO/CeO_2催化剂,并将其用于CO优先氧化(PROX)研究.当CuO负载量为10%时催化剂活性最高,具有温区最宽且温度最低的CO完全转化窗口(96~160℃),并且当反应温度低于131℃时,产物中CO2选择性始终保持100%.研究结果表明,当负载少量CuO时,Cu~(2+)离子会进入CeO_2晶格形成固溶体;进一步提高CuO负载量会导致CuO在CeO_2表面聚集.对于CuO/CeO_2催化剂,形成Cu-Ce固溶体会在催化剂表面生成大量的表面氧空位和Ce3+;Ce3+则与Cu~(2+)作用产生更多的表面Cu~+,而Cu~+是CO PROX的活性中心,因此表面Ce3+含量的提高和Cu-Ce之间相互作用的增强是活性提高的主要原因.与普通沉淀-浸渍法制备的CuO/CeO_2催化剂相比,草酸盐热分解-浸渍法制备的催化剂更有利于Cu-Ce固溶体的形成,从而具有更多的表面Ce3+和更强的表面Cu-Ce相互作用,因此具有更高的CO优先氧化活性.     

复合阴极材料La1-xSrxCuO3-δ-SDC的制备及电学性能

合成具有单相正交钙钛矿结构的La1-xSrxCuO3-δ(x=0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)系列样品, 碘量滴定法实验结果表明, 随着Sr掺入量的增加, Cu3+离子的含量逐渐增加. 电学性能研究结果表明, La0.7Sr0.3CuO3-δ电导率最高, 与La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ相比, La0.7Sr0.3CuO3-δ具有更好的电化学性能, 可作为一种新的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)阴极材料. 将La0.7Sr0.3CuO3-δ与不同质量比的中温电解质Ce0.85Sm0.15O2-δ(SDC) 固相混合, 制备复合阴极材料, 电化学性能测试结果表明, 掺入适量的SDC有利于降低La0.7Sr0.3CuO3-δ电极的极化, 获得性能更优越的IT-SOFC阴极材料, 提高在中温区单电池的输出功率.     

Ni-La/CexZr1-xO2对甲烷部分氧化/CH4-CO2重整耦合制合成气的催化剂制备及反应性能

通过共沉淀法制备铈锆固溶体作为载体,采用等体积、分步浸渍的方法制备了一系列10% Ni-3% La/CexZr1-xO2（X=0、0.16、0.5、0.75、1）催化剂,并将其应用到甲烷部分氧化和甲烷二氧化碳重整耦合制合成气的反应中。对不同Ce/Zr比的催化剂性能展开研究,采用XRD、H2-TPR、SEM手段对载体及催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,铈锆固溶体的形成不仅提高了催化剂表面活性组分的分散度,使催化剂表面NiO晶粒尺寸从26.5 nm减到13.7 nm;而且能够加强活性组分与载体之间的相互作用,提高催化剂的热稳定性能;随着Ce/Zr比的增加,催化剂的转化率、选择性及稳定性随之增强,其关系为：Ni-La/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 > Ni-La/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 > Ni-La/Ce0.16Zr0.84O2。     

CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2的结构特征及催化性能表征

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了不同摩尔比(X=0,0.1,0～1.0)的CexZr1-xO2样品.并以Ce0.5Zr0.5O2为载体,采用浸渍法负载不同含量的CuO,用色谱流动法考察其对CO的氧化活性.并用XRD,TPR和BET等技术对CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2各样品进行了表征,结果表明,当CuO负载量为10.0%时,催化剂CO的氧化活性最高;XRD测定表明催化剂氧化活性的高低与铜物种在Ce0.5Zr0.5O2上的分散状态有关;TPR结果亦显示活性的高低与Ce0.5Zr0.5O2上分散较好的铜物种的α还原峰及分散较差的γ还原峰的峰温及形状有关.     

Ce1-xEuxOy固溶体的制备及甲烷燃烧催化性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法和微波技术制备了Ce1-xEuxOy固溶体，以甲烷催化燃烧为探针反应及XRD，BET和TPR对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明，CeO2和Eu2O3相互作用形成了立方相的Ce1-xEuxOy固溶体，随着Eu含量的增加，Ee1-xEuxOy固溶体的晶胞参数变大，实验测定值和计算值基本一致。Ee1-xEuxOy固溶体的甲烷催化燃烧活性和抗烧结性能高于单组分CeO2，且随着X的变化而不同，其中以Ce0.5Eu0．5Oy固溶体的活性最高。Ce1-xEuxOy固溶体催化剂活性提高的主要原因是降低了反应的活化能。     

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2对CH4燃烧催化剂Fe2O3/Al2O3的改性作用

固定n（Ce）／n（Zr）比为0．67／0．33,用共沉淀法制得一系列CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3固溶体,采用这些固溶体作载体,以Fe2O3为活性组分,用浸渍法制备了一系列催化剂,BET结果显示,将适量Ce0.67Zr0．33O2引入到Al2O3载体中有助于催化剂保持较高的比表面积,TPR结果显示,载体中引入适量的Ce0．67Zr0.33O2可以改善催化剂的氧化还原性能,XRD结果表明,Fe2O3在CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3载体上呈现出良好的分散状况,老化前后催化剂的晶相结构基本无明显变化,特别是当载体中m（Ce0.67Zr0.33O2）：m（Al2O3）的值为1：2时,Fe2O3／CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中显示出最佳的催化性能和抗高温老化性能。     

CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2的制备与表征及其对NO+CO反应的催化活性

以Ce0.5Ti0.5O2为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2催化剂, 通过TPR、XRD和激光Raman光谱等技术对其进行了表征, 并在色谱-微反装置上考察了催化剂对NO+CO反应催化性能. 结果表明, CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2催化剂对NO+CO反应的活性与CuO负载量有关; 500 ℃焙烧的催化剂, 当CuO的负载量(w)为22%时, 催化剂的活性最好; 14%CuO/Ce0.5Ti0.5O2在700 ℃焙烧具有最佳催化活性, 这可能与复合载体形成了CeTi2O6的结构有关. TPR结果表明, CuO在Ce0.5Ti0.5O2上出现了四种还原能力不同的物种, α和β峰是载体表面高度分散的CuO物种, γ峰是与Ce0.5Ti0.5O2相互作用较强的孤立CuO晶簇的还原峰, δ峰是载体表面晶相CuO的还原峰; XRD结果表明700 ℃焙烧的样品中已出现了新复合氧化物CeTi2O6的晶相峰, 随焙烧温度的升高, 此晶相峰也变得更加明显, 这说明高温焙烧有利于Ce与Ti发生固相反应而形成CeTi2O6结构; Raman结果表明, 焙烧后的Ce0.5Ti0.5O2并不是简单的TiO2和CeO2的复合, 而是形成了新的晶相结构, 这也进一步验证了CeTi2O6结构的生成.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.