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1.
高分子生物材料分子工程研究进展(上)   总被引:35,自引:0,他引:35  
分子工程研究是生物材料发展的根本途径和必由之路。本文论述了近40多年来高分子材料分子工程的研究主要进展,其中包括材料的抗凝血性、的组织相容性、材料表面的生物功能化和生物智能化、体内稳定高分子、体内可吸收高分子以及药物的控制释放。  相似文献   

2.
生物材料与医用高分子   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
生物材料与医用高分子冯新德(北京大学化学系北京100871)生物材料(Biomaterial)的定义按照第六届国际生物材料年会(1974)所定的是“生物材料是一种植入生体活系统内或与活系统相结合而设计的物质,它与生体不起药理反应”,也就是代替或置换生...  相似文献   

3.
甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇单甲醚酯在聚(醚 氨酯)表面的臭氧化接枝王晨晖王安锋车波周彩华苏琳丽林思聪(南京大学高分子科学与工程系生物材料分子工程与控制释放分子工程室南京210093)王炳坤(南京大学环境科学系南京210093)关键词臭氧化,表面接枝,大...  相似文献   

4.
在生物工程中所用的高分子材料一般统称为高分子生物材料,其涉及的范围很广。医用高分子是其中很重要的一类,另一类就是在生物技术中所用的高分子材料。对于高分子生物材料可根据其材料性质进行分类,也可按使用范围进行分类。如体内应用的材料,半体内应用的材料和体外应用的材料。本文着重介绍了抗凝血材料、药用高分子材料及应用于生物技术中高分子材料的研究进展,并总结分析了这几个研究领域中的发展趋势。  相似文献   

5.
21世纪的高分子化学展望   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
对于21世纪高分子科学的展望大致如下:21世纪的特征是能源、材料和环保与健康(或称绿色)。作为材料领域中极其重要的部分,21世纪对高分子材料在质量方面都有要求,大致可分二个方面同是通过控制聚合而得均匀高分子,其分子量概念不再是各种长短不齐高分子链的平均分子量;二是绿色高分子与绿色反应,前者主要是指生物高分子,对环境稳定高分子则将进行回收与重复使用;所谓绿色反应指所有高分子与相应单体的合成方法都必须  相似文献   

6.
一类含硅亚苯结构的新有机硅预聚体   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
一类含硅亚苯结构的新有机硅预聚体车波王安锋周彩华傅辛福林思聪(南京大学高分子科学与工程系生物材料分子工程和控制释放分子工程室南京210093)关键词有机硅预聚体,对 硅亚苯硅氧烷,热稳定性,合成与表征,开环共聚从分子工程的角度看,以聚有机...  相似文献   

7.
一种不含介晶基团的两亲性高分子的热致液晶行为张希,张瑞丰,沈家骢,赵晓光,周恩乐(吉林大学化学系,长春,130023)(中国科学院长春应用化学研究所,中国科学院长春高分子物理开放实验室)关键词两亲性高分子,疏水作用,热致液晶热致液晶分子结构中含有几何...  相似文献   

8.
反应诱导相分离制备新型温度敏感光学材料   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
反应诱导相分离制备新型温度敏感光学材料李兴林陈文杰江明(复旦大学高分子科学系和国家教委聚合物分子工程实验室上海200433)关键词高分子合金,旋节线相分离,光散射,温度敏感光学性能温度敏感光学材料是一种具有广泛用途的功能材料,可用作记录材料、显...  相似文献   

9.
壳聚糖·聚丙烯酸配合物半互穿聚合物网络膜及其对pH和离子的刺激响应李文俊王汉夫卢玉华汪志亮钟伟(复旦大学高分子科学系聚合物分子工程开放实验室上海200433)关键词高分子间配合物,互穿聚合物网络(IPN),水凝胶,壳聚糖,刺激响应敏感性水凝胶是一种...  相似文献   

10.
蛋白质的天然构象与高分子生物材料的生物相容性   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在论述天然象是蛋白质生物功能之根本、肽链-侧基协同作用是蛋白质构建天然构象和完成生物功能的动力所在,以及高分子生物材料吸附对蛋白质天然构象影响等的基础上,进一步阐述生物材料生物相容性与蛋白质构象的关系。结论是,设计与建立能够维持蛋白质等天然构象的表面分子结构是提高高分子生物材料相容性的一个基本方向。  相似文献   

11.
Thermoanalytical studies on specialty polymers in Japan are reviewed. The basic and applied researches for the developments of new specialty polymers such as high-performance polymers, liquid crystalline polymers, and biodegradable polymers during the 1990's are introduced from the standpoint of thermal analysis. Many studies were performed for the improvements of durability and thermal stability of engineering polymers, biodegradable polymers and so on. A special topic of researches on the thermal behavior of polymers by high-pressure differential thermal analysis is included in this review. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

12.
氢键型超分子聚合物的合成、结构与应用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
氢键型超分子聚合物是重复单元经氢键相互作用连接在一起的阵列,可生成液晶态,多样化的几何形状和高有序的凝聚态结构。氢键的温度敏感性和可逆性导致氢键型超分子聚合物具有和传统共价键结合的聚合物不同的性能。氢键型超分子聚合物是一类动态的智能型功能高分子材料,可在光化学、光电转换、非线性光学、弹性体、水凝胶和生物医用工程等领域广泛应用。本文从氢键型超分子聚合物化学(合成与机理)、物理(结构与性能)和工程(加工与应用)三个方面介绍氢键型超分子聚合物的进展。  相似文献   

13.
The characteristics of tissue engineered scaffolds are major concerns in the quest to fabricate ideal scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The polymer scaffolds employed for tissue engineering applications should possess multifunctional properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and favorable mechanical properties as it comes in direct contact with the body fluids in vivo. Additionally, the polymer system should also possess biomimetic architecture and should support stem cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. As the progress in polymer technology continues, polymeric biomaterials have taken characteristics more closely related to that desired for tissue engineering and clinical needs. Stimuli responsive polymers also termed as smart biomaterials respond to stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzyme, antigen, glucose and electrical stimuli that are inherently present in living systems. This review highlights the exciting advancements in these polymeric systems that relate to biological and tissue engineering applications. Additionally, several aspects of technology namely scaffold fabrication methods and surface modifications to confer biological functionality to the polymers have also been discussed. The ultimate objective is to emphasize on these underutilized adaptive behaviors of the polymers so that novel applications and new generations of smart polymeric materials can be realized for biomedical and tissue engineering applications.

  相似文献   


14.
Recently, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies have evaluated smart biomaterials as implantable scaffolds and their interaction with cells for biomedical applications. Porous materials have been used in tissue engineering as synthetic extracellular matrices, promoting the attachment and migration of host cells to induce the in vitro regeneration of different tissues. Biomimetic 3D scaffold systems allow control over biophysical and biochemical cues, modulating the extracellular environment through mechanical, electrical, and biochemical stimulation of cells, driving their molecular reprogramming. In this review, first we outline the main advantages of using polysaccharides as raw materials for porous scaffolds, as well as the most common processing pathways to obtain the adequate textural properties, allowing the integration and attachment of cells. The second approach focuses on the tunable characteristics of the synthetic matrix, emphasizing the effect of their mechanical properties and the modification with conducting polymers in the cell response. The use and influence of polysaccharide-based porous materials as drug delivery systems for biochemical stimulation of cells is also described. Overall, engineered biomaterials are proposed as an effective strategy to improve in vitro tissue regeneration and future research directions of modified polysaccharide-based materials in the biomedical field are suggested.  相似文献   

15.
温度敏感树形聚合物   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张夏聪  李文  张阿方 《化学进展》2012,(9):1765-1775
温度敏感树形聚合物结合了温敏聚合物对温度具有响应行为的特点以及树形聚合物非线形构造的方式、大尺度、结构易于调节和功能化等特征,在智能材料和生物医药等领域有着重要的研究价值和应用前景。此类聚合物可以通过在树形聚合物表面引入温敏基元、控制聚合物结构的亲疏水比例以及采用温敏基元直接构筑聚合物等方式形成,其温敏性可以通过调控聚合物内部或外部基团的亲疏水性、树枝化基元代数、树形构造方式等得以实现与控制。此外,树形聚合物独特的拓扑结构赋予其与线形聚合物不同的温敏行为及脱水机理。本文综述了包括温敏树枝状大分子、温敏树枝化聚合物、温敏超支化聚合物等不同类型温敏树形聚合物近年来的研究进展,重点介绍这些聚合物的合成方法、温敏行为和拓扑结构对温敏行为的影响,以及在纳米材料、生物医用、分子传感器等方面的应用研究。  相似文献   

16.
Thermoreversible polymeric biomaterials are finding increased acceptance in tissue engineering applications. One drawback of the polymers is their synthetic nature, which does not allow direct interaction of mammalian cells with the polymers. This limitation may be alleviated by grafting arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) containing peptides onto the polymer backbone to facilitate interactions with cell‐surface integrins. Toward this goal, N‐isopropylacrylamide (NiPAM)‐based thermoreversible polymers containing amine‐reactive N‐acryloxysuccinimide (NASI) groups were synthesized. Conjugation of RGD‐containing peptides to polymers was demonstrated with 1H NMR spectroscopy and reverse‐phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The conjugation reaction was optimal at 4 °C and pH of 8.0, and increased with the increasing NASI content of polymers. With a peptide grafting ratio of 0.25 mol %, there was no significant change in the lower critical solution temperature of the polymers. Finally, the NASI‐containing polymers, cast as films, on tissue culture polystyrene, were shown to conjugate to RGD‐containing peptides and support C2C12 cell attachment. We conclude that NASI‐containing thermoreversible polymers are amenable for grafting biomimetic peptides to impart cell adhesiveness to the polymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3989–4000, 2003  相似文献   

17.
PEG-containing copolymers play a prominent role as biomaterials for different applications ranging from drug delivery to tissue engineering. These custom-designed materials offer enormous possibilities to change the overall characteristics of biomaterials by improving their biocompatibility and solubility, as well as their ability to crystallize in polymer blends and to resist protein adsorption. This article demonstrates various principles of PEG-based material design that are applied to fine tune the properties of biomaterials for different tissue engineering applications. More specifically, strategies are described to develop PEG copolymers with various block compositions and specific bulk properties, including low melting points and improved surface hydrophilicity. Highly hydrated polymer gel networks for promoting cellular growth or suppressing protein adsorption and cell adhesion are introduced. By incorporating selectively cleavable cross-links, these hydrophilic polymers can also serve as smart hydrogel scaffolds, mimicking the natural extracellular matrix for cell cultivation and tissue growth. Ultimately, these developments lead to the creation of biomimetic materials to immobilize bioactive compounds, allowing precise control of cellular adhesion and tissue growth. [image: see text]  相似文献   

18.
Nanocomposites have emerged in the last two decades as an efficient strategy to upgrade the structural and functional properties of synthetic polymers. Aliphatic polyesters as polylactide (PLA), poly(glycolides) (PGA), poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) have attracted wide attention for their biodegradability and biocompatibility in the human body. A logic consequence has been the introduction of organic and inorganic nanofillers into biodegradable polymers to produce nanocomposites based on hydroxyapatite, metal nanoparticles or carbon nanotructures, in order to prepare new biomaterials with enhanced properties. Consequently, the improvement of interfacial adhesion between the polymer and the nanostructures has become the key technique in the nanocomposite process. In this review, different results on the fabrication of nanocomposites based on biodegradable polymers for specific field of tissue engineering are presented. The combination of bioresorbable polymers and nanostructures open new perspectives in the self-assembly of nanomaterials for biomedical applications with tuneable mechanical, thermal and electrical properties.  相似文献   

19.
Compared with conventional π-conjugated polymers,poly(arylene ether)s(PAEs) may take advantages of excellent thermal properties,well-defined effective conjugated length and no catalyst contamination.Recently,their applications have been extended from engineering plastics to optoelectronic materials.In this review,various kinds of functional PAEs used as fluorescent polymers,host polymers and phosphorescent polymers in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs) are outlined,and their molecular design,synthesis and device performance are overviewed.  相似文献   

20.
Zwitterionic polymers are generally viewed as a new class of nonfouling materials. Unlike their poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) counterparts, zwitterionic polymers have a broader chemical diversity and greater freedom for molecular design. In this Minireview, we highlight recent microbiological applications of zwitterionic polymers and their derivatives, with an emphasis on several unique molecular strategies to integrate antimicrobial and nonfouling properties. We will also discuss our insights into the bacterial nonfouling performance of zwitterionic polymers and one example of engineering zwitterionic polymer derivatives for antimicrobial wound‐dressing applications.  相似文献   

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