胶束增敏荧光光度法测血液中锌

应用表面活性剂对荧光配合物的增敏作用测定微量金属元素,是近代分析化学的一个新领域。但关于表面活性剂应用于血液中锌的测定尚未见有文献报道。本文选用表面活性剂CTMAB对Zn-H_2QS体系的荧光增敏作用进行血液中锌的测定。     

钯-柠檬黄-表面活性剂荧光光度法的研究与应用

本文研究了在各种类型的表面活性剂存在下, 钯与柠檬黄的胶束增敏荧光反应, 测定了金属荧光配合物的形成条件、组成、量子产率、表观稳定常数和激发波长处的摩尔吸光系数, 对胶束增敏作用机理进行了初步探讨. 确定了测定钯的最佳条件, 钯在0.1-8.0μg/25mL 范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系, 检出下限达8.0x10^-^4μg/mL. 本文方法可不经分离直接快速地测定贵金属矿样中痕量钯,结果令人满意。     

表面活性剂增敏3′-甲氧基-4′-羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测锗的研究

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)存在下3′-甲氧基-4′羟基苯基荧光酮(MHPF)与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应。在HCl介质中,CTMAB的存在对MHPF与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应有显著的增敏作用,Ge(Ⅳ)与MHPF形成稳定的1∶2红色配合物。配合物最大吸收波长位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.72×105L.mol-1.cm-1。锗量在0~0.48 mg/L范围符合比耳定律。方法已用于铅锌矿渣中微量锗的测定。     

表面活性剂增敏3''-甲氧基-4''-羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测锗的研究

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)存在下3'-甲氧基-4'羟基苯基荧光酮(MHPF)与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应.在HCl介质中,CTMAB的存在对MHPF与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应有显著的增敏作用,Ge(Ⅳ)与MHPF形成稳定的1:2红色配合物.配合物最大吸收波长位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.72×105L·mol-1·cm-1.锗量在0～0.48 mg/L范围符合比耳定律.方法已用于铅锌矿渣中微量锗的测定.     

锌-7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-表面活性剂荧光光度法的研究及应用

8-羟基喹啉和8-羚基喹啉-5-磺酸(H_2QS)用于锌的荧光分析已有报道。史慧明和喜纳兼勇等分别研究了阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB及Zeph对Zn-H_2QS体系荧光反应的影响,可使灵敏度提高三倍左右。我们用7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸(H_2QSI)作光试剂,试验不同表面活性剂对Zn-H_2QSI体系的增敏作用,实验结果表明,只有阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB和Zeph的增敏效果最好,灵敏度提高约六倍,达2×10~(-3)μg Zn/ml。本文选择Zn-H_2QSI-CTMAB体系进行试验,找出三元配合物的最佳生成条件,确定     

胶束增敏 2,3,7-三羟基-9-[3,5-二溴-4-(2,5-二羟基)苯偶氮]苯基荧光酮与锆(Ⅳ)显色反应的研究

系统研究了在混合表面活性剂 CTMAB-Tween-80 存在下,新显色剂 2,3,7-三羟基-9-[3,5-二溴-4-(2,5-二羟基)苯偶氮]苯基荧光酮(DBAPPF) 与 Zr(Ⅳ)的显色反应及其光度性质并讨论了混合表面活性剂对显色反应的增敏机理.在浓度为 0.4mol/L 的 HCl 介质中,新试剂与 Zr(Ⅳ)和表面活性剂形成胶束络合物,混合表面活性剂有较强的增敏作用,络合物最大吸收波长为 539 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.55×105 L·mol-1·cm-1.锆(Ⅳ)的质量浓度在 0～0.32 mg/L 范围内服从比尔定律.方法已用于铝合金中微量锆的测定.     

硝基磺酚K胶束增敏分光光度法测定微量锆的研究

本文研究了表面活性剂胶束对硝基磺酚K与锆的显色反应的增敏作用以及对反应选择性的影响。在阳离子表面活性剂存在下,配合物中锆与硝基磺酚K的组成比为1:3,配合物的最大吸收峰红移至668nm,摩尔吸光系数增大到1.10×10~5L.mol~(-1).cm~(-1)。反应选择性得到很大的提高。拟定了一个灵敏度较高、选择性较好的分光光度测定锆的新方法。用于岩矿分析时,得到良好的效果。     

胶束增敏荧光法测定锆

在ＣＴＡＢ胶束介质中配合物组成可发生一系列变化，这是其对吸光度及荧光增敏的决定因素。在合适的ＣＴＡＢ浓度下，可形成Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）：Ｍｏｒｉｎ＝１：３的高次配合物，使体系的摩尔吸光系数增加３倍多；但随着ＣＴＡＢ浓度的增大，形成了Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）：Ｍｏｒｉｎ：ＳＯ＾２－４＝１：１：２的混配配合物，硫酸根起了辅助配体的作用，荧光强度增强数十倍，稳定性也有很大提高，对ＣＴＡＢ胶束改变配合物组成及增敏荧光的原因进行了     

卟啉胶束增敏导数分光光度法测定微量锰

卟啉的分子截面积大,与一些金属离子配合都具有很高的摩尔吸光值,已被称之为“超高灵敏度的显色剂”。文献研究了在阳离子表面活性剂存在下,锰与阴离子卟啉的增敏反应,本文在阴离子表面活性剂存在下,采用导数光度法,探讨的锰与阳离子卟啉的增敏作用。试验表明,试液中无论是单体还是胶束对锰与阳离子卟啉生成的Mn-T(4-TAP)P二元配合物均有增敏作用,最大吸收波长紫移。     

5-溴水杨基荧光酮-溴化十六烷基三甲基铵吸光光度法测定微量锗

研究了在表面活性剂CTMAB存在下锗与5-溴水杨基荧光酮形成配合物的显色反应,在2mol·L~(-1)H_2SO_4介质中测得配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.62×10~5.锗量在0～8μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律.该体系反应酸度高,选择性好.方法稳定、决速.已用于水相直接测定人参、当归、灵芝、枸杞子和竹沥汁等中药材中微量锗,结果满意     

Sensitization of surfactant on the fluorescent reactions of metals

The effects of different surfactants on the Hf-quercetin, Zr-quercetin, Sn-morin, Mg-oxine-5-sulfonic acid (H₂QS), Zn-H₂QS, Cd-H₂QS and Tb-EDTA-sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) systems were investigated. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of each complex studied is greatly increased in the presence of a suitable surfactant. The optimum conditions for the formation of the ternary complexes involving a surfactant were found, and the compositions of these ternary complexes were established by fluorometry. In the presence or absence of a surfactant, the quantum efficiencies (ϕ) of fluorescent complexes were measured by the relative method, and their molar absorptivities at the excitation wavelength (ϵ_ex) were calculated. It was found that the quantum efficiencies and molar absorptivities of fluorescent complexes were increased to various degrees because of the formation of the ionic associated complexes with fixed compositions, thus leading to greatly increased fluorescence intensity. The function of surfactant micelles and the relation between the molecular structures of surfactants and their effects on the fluorescent reactions were discussed. It is noted that only those surfactants with their aromatic system uncharged or unconnected directly with a charged functional group can sensitize the fluorescent reactions. By making use of the surfactant sensitization it is possible to develop some highly sensitive fluorometries of the metals.     

Fluorescence quantum efficiencies of halogen-substituted benzoic acid isomers

The fluorescence of halogen-substituted benzoic acid isomers is enhanced by the addition of an aliphatic acid to chloroform as the solvent. The molar absorptivities of these isomers ar the wavelength of maximum absorbance are reported. The fluorescence quantum efficiencies of the fluorescent species from these isomers in 5% acetic acid/ chloroform are also reported.     

Sensitive spectrophotometric determination of gallium with bromopyrogallol red in the presence of surfactants

Gallium in the presence of surfactants (NTGE and CTA) forms with BPR a violet ternary complexes with λ_max at 615 and 625 nm, respectively, with molar absorptivities of 7.0 × 10⁴ and 1.3 × 10⁵ liters mol^?1 cm^?1. These complexes can be advantageously used for the determination of gallium. The molar ratio of gallium to BPR, which is 1:1 in the binary complex, increases to 1:3 in the ternary complex. The presence of surfactants changes the number of BPR molecules bonded to gallium. This is the main factor in the increase in color intensity. Numerous metals interfere. Gallium can be separated by extraction of gallium from 7 M hydrochloric acid with diisopropyl ether.     

四环素-Ca2+-CTMAB三元配合物体系荧光光谱的研究与应用

研究了Ca2+和阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB对四环素(TC)的荧光增敏作用,提出了一种利用Ca2+-TC-CTMAB三元配合物协同增敏体系来测定TC含量的新方法.在Ca2+-CTMAB及TC共存体系中,由于三元配合物的生成使TC的荧光强度急剧增加,其荧光强度与TC浓度在8.0×109-9～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,方法检出限为5.97×10-9 mol/L.该法用于TC片剂、尿液及牛奶中残留TC的测定,加标回收率为82.4%～98.3%.同时对TC在不同介质中的荧光增敏作用机理进行了初步探讨.     

桂皮酸-8-羟基喹啉稀土配合物的合成、表征及与牛血清白蛋白的作用

合成了以桂皮酸、8-羟基喹啉为配体,以镱、铕为中心离子的稀土配合物,采用元素分析、摩尔电导、红外光谱、紫外光谱和荧光光谱法进行表征,并采用紫外光谱和荧光光谱研究了配合物与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明,随着配合物浓度的增加,BSA紫外光谱表现出明显的增色效应,配合物可有规律地猝灭BSA的荧光。     

Aggregation of ionic surfactants to block copolymer assemblies: a simple fluorescence spectral study

A simple and elegant method based on steady-state fluorescence spectral measurement is demonstrated to study the interaction mechanism of copolymers and ionic surfactants with a suitable selection of fluorescent probe and also its general applicability in studying other systems. Three different concentration regions have been indicated from the changes in full width at half-maximum of the emission spectra and fluorescence intensity of coumarin 153 with the molar ratio of ionic surfactant to triblock copolymer (n). At low n values, copolymer-surfactant complexes are basically copolymer-rich micelles with few surfactant molecules, and at very high n values, copolymer-rich micelles are destroyed and surfactant-rich micelles with free copolymer monomers are formed. It has been observed that, in the intermediate surfactant concentration region, the transformation of a dominantly copolymer-rich complex to a mainly surfactant-rich complex can be either gradual incorporation of surfactants into the copolymer-rich micelles with freeing of copolymer units until surfactant-rich micelles are formed (type I) or simultaneous buildup of surfactant-rich micelles together with the destruction of copolymer-rich micelles (type II). The interaction mechanism for nonionic copolymers (P123 and F127) with ionic surfactants (SDS and CTAC) is mainly type II, but at higher copolymer concentrations interaction via the type I mechanism also operates. However, it is dominantly the type I mechanism that operates for common nonionic (TX100) and ionic surfactants.     

番红花红T与表面活性剂的作用及其在标记DNA中的应用

对阳离子染料番红花红Ｔ（ＳＴ）在阴离子表面活性剂存在时的溶液状态的吸收光谱和荧光光谱进行了研究。结果表明，低浓度阴离子表面活性剂与ＳＴ形成缔合物，导致ＳＴ的吸收与荧光强度降低；增大表面活性剂的浓度，其分子胶束前预聚集促使染料形成非荧光二聚体，导致荧光急剧猝灭，吸收光谱出现新的特征吸收峰；当表面活性剂浓度大于临界胶束浓度（ＣＭＣ）时，染料二聚体离解，ＳＴ单体增溶于胶团中形成新的高量子产率荧光体。本文     

表面活性剂对共轭聚合物荧光性质及电荷转移的影响

探讨了表面活性剂存在下, 水溶性阴离子共轭聚合物聚[5-甲氧基-2-(3-磺酰化丙氧基)-1,4-苯撑乙烯](简写为MPS-PPV)的微环境变化对荧光性质及电荷转移的影响. 结果表明, 阳离子表面活性剂及非离子表面活性剂使MPS-PPV荧光增强, 阴离子表面活性剂使其荧光先增强后减弱; 在MPS-PPV/表面活性剂体系中加入电子接受体Pd^2＋, 发现非离子表面活性剂体系的荧光猝灭效率提高, 阴离子及阳离子表面活性剂体系荧光猝灭效率下降. 此研究对研制基于阴离子共聚物的新型生物化学传感器具有一定的指导意义.     

Spectroscopic study of chloranil charge-transfer complexes of amino acids and related compounds

The absorption maxima, molar absorptivities, infrared spectra, compositions, formation constants, and pH dependence of amino acid—chloranil complexes have been determined with purified chloranil The n-π charge-transfer interaction depends on the presence of an unprotonated amino group; pH 9 is optimal for complex formation, but once formed, the complex is stable in a highly acidic medium and may be quantitatively extracted by hexanol. The molar absorptivities of the chloranil complexes of glycine, iminodiacetic acid, NTA, EDTA, DTPA and TTHA were measured. There is a linear relationship between the logarithm of the molar absorptivities of their chloranil complexes and the number of carboxylic groups in the molecule. There is an inverse linear relationship between the molar absorptivities of chloranil—metal—EDTA complexes and the logarithm of the stability constants of the EDTA chelates. This leads to a new method of determining the stability constants of complexes involving a nitrogen-donating group.     

Spectrophotometric determination of cationic surfactants by formation of ternary complexes with Fe(III) and chrome azurol

An extraction-free spectrophotometric method for the determination of cationic surfactants, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and zephiramine is proposed, which is based on the formation of ternary complexes with Fe(III) and chrome azurol S. The molar ratio of the complex is 2:1:1 (Fe(III):chrome azurol S: cationic surfactant). The method is simple, rapid and sensitive, giving an apparent molar absorptivity of 4.5×10⁴ L·mol^?1-cm^?1 and a linear range of 0.1–6.0 μmol/L cationic surfactants. The total cationic surfactant content can be determined directly in aqueous solutions by measuring the absorbance at 680 nm (pH 5.8). The method has been successfully applied to water samples.