亚砜亚胺类化合物的合成及应用研究进展

亚砜亚胺(Sulfoximine)类化合物是一类重要的杂原子取代化合物,引起了人们的广泛关注.综述了近十年来亚砜亚胺类化合物的研究进展,包括该类化合物的合成及在不对称催化领域中的应用、含有亚砜亚胺的生物活性小分子合成和天然产物全合成.并对发展趋势和应用前景做了展望.     

亚砜化合物的生物活性研究和不对称合成进展

亚砜类化合物在有机合成和药物化学中有着广泛的应用,手性亚砜作为助剂、配体、催化剂和合成子的用途已得到充分证明,亚砜类化合物的亚磺酰基团也可作为药效团、羰基生物等排体或药物分子修饰基团应用于药物设计和药物开发之中.综述了具有生物活性的亚砜类化合物的结构骨架以及相应的作用机制,并总结了近十年来通过构建硫立体中心制备手性亚砜类化合物的新方法和新进展,具体到廉价金属铁络合物、多金属氧酸盐、有机小分子、生物酶和电化学催化的硫醚不对称氧化反应,以及基于次磺酸阴离子中间体的手性亚砜合成策略和最近涌现的新策略,其中也包括作者最近在手性亚砜合成领域取得一些研究成果.     

N-氟代双苯磺酰胺作为氧化剂制备二硫化合物的研究（英文）

建立了一种以N-氟代双苯磺酰胺(NFSI)为氧化剂合成二硫化合物的新方法.该方法反应温和、操作简便、反应时间短并无过度氧化的副产物(亚砜或砜类化合物)生成.     

苯并咪唑类化合物的合成研究进展

苯并咪唑类化合物应用广泛. 按不同的合成原料和合成方法进行分类, 综述了近年来苯并咪唑类化合物合成研究的新进展.     

亚砜的合成及其含量的确定

亚砜类物质是重要的化工原料,在医药、冶金和合成等方面得到广泛应用.为了研究亚砜在贵金属中的萃取机理,实验合成了对称及不对称的亚砜,本文介绍了一种不对称亚砜的合成及其结构表征.并用MS、FT-IR、1H NMR和13C NMR手段确定了它的结构是正丁基正辛基亚砜(BOSO).在合成中,亚砜易氧化成砜,不易控制,在硫醚氧化生成亚砜与砜后,必须有简捷的方法测出它们的含量,以便优化合成条件,减少生成砜的副反应,提高亚砜的产率,并保证所获亚砜的纯度.传统的方法是利用自动电位滴定法测定亚砜硫含量[1],此方法烦琐,时间长,重复性差;近年来也有用气液色谱[2],其原理是用内标法,实验条件要求是易挥发,难分解的样品,但此方法标样不易获得,并且样品要求高.1H NMR方法的原理是:积分曲线面积与引起该组峰的核数成正比关系,其优点是,不需要引进任何校正因子或绘制工作曲线,可直接根据各共振峰的积分面积的比值,得到两者含量之比,并且在有其他杂质存在且不与亚砜和砜的特征峰相重合的情况下,采用标准加入法可得到亚砜和砜的各自含量.为此,本文介绍了在BOSO的合成中的应用实例.     

微波在核苷类化合物合成中的应用

核苷类化合物由于其显著的抗病毒、抗癌等生理活性而受到广泛关注. 利用微波促进核苷类化合物的合成与传统合成方法相比, 有明显的优势. 对近年来微波在核苷类化合物合成中的应用进行综述, 着重介绍了微波作用于几种重要核苷类化合物合成反应类型的研究状况.     

非光催化与电化学体系下有机硫试剂参与的烯烃构建C—S键研究进展

烯烃是重要的合成子,其简洁高效的合成转化一直是有机合成领域的研究热点.近年来,基于烯烃骨架的C—S键成键反应特别受科学家的关注.烯烃可以与常见的有机含硫试剂(包括硫醇或硫酚、二硫醚、亚砜、磺酰肼、磺酰氯和亚磺酸钠等)反应,在烯烃的α-位或者β-位构筑C—S键来合成硫醚、亚砜或砜类化合物.鉴于此,以有机硫试剂的种类为分类依据,综述了近年来非光催化与电化学体系下有机硫试剂参与的烯烃构建C—S反应的相关研究.展望未来,在烯烃与有机硫试剂的C—S成键反应研究中,双官能团化反应和不对称催化合成具有较好的应用前景.     

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究进展

2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物在医药、农药以及配位催化等领域有广阔的应用前景,因而其合成方法备受关注.近年来,微波促进、水为介质、无溶剂合成、组合化学以及过渡金属催化等一系列高效、绿色的合成方法在2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物的合成中得到广泛的应用.按照不同的合成原料和合成方法进行分类,综述了近年来2-取代苯并噁唑类化合物合成研究的新进展.     

手性亚砜类化合物的包结拆分

本文简要综述了手性亚砜类化合物的包结拆分研究,介绍了吡啶亚砜类化合物（包括苯并咪唑类抗胃溃疡药物）的包结拆分研究的最近进展。     

新型吡啶类苯并咪唑衍生物的合成

合成了一系列取代吡啶亚甲基硫代苯并咪唑类衍生物 ,并在过氧乙酸的氧化下得到其相应的亚砜类化合物 ,收率较好 (76%～ 93 % ) .代替了用间氯过氧苯甲酸进行氧化 ,反应过程稳定 ,降低了成本 .产品的结构经元素分析、IR和1HNMR表征 .     

Lewis acid-promoted cascade reaction for the synthesis of Michael acceptors and its application in a dimerization reaction

An efficient Lewis acid-promoted cascade reaction with dimethyl sulfoxide as a methylene source for the synthesis of Michael acceptors is reported. The key to developing this procedure is the selection of a mild base to modulate the equilibrium of various intermediates in order to drive the reaction forward to the formation of Michael acceptor and dimeric compound products. Extensive studies were performed to gain insight into a possible reaction mechanism.     

Dimethyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride: A useful reagent for sulfenyletherification

A facile method for the sulfenyletherification of unsaturated alcohols using dimethyl sulfoxide/oxalyl chloride has been described in this article. Methanesulfenyl chloride is supposed to be the compound responsible for the sulfenyletherification, which is generated by the reaction of oxalyl chloride with 2 equivalents of dimethyl sulfoxide. The formation pathway of methanesulfenyl chloride is discussed based on the formation of cyclic acetals.     

Acid-base properties of bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethyl) sulfoxide and its complex formation with copper(II) and nickel(II)

Behavior of physiologically active compound, bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethyl) sulfoxide, in aqueous solution has been studied by means of potentiometry, spectrophotometry, and mathematical simulation. Protolytic properties of bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethyl) sulfoxide have been described, and the formation of sodium salt has been confirmed. Composition and stability constants of bis(hydrazinocarbonylmethyl) sulfoxide complexes with copper(II) and nickel(II) have been determined, and the complexes structures have been simulated by molecular mechanics method.     

Stepwise Oxidation of Thiophene and Its Derivatives by Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Methyltrioxorhenium(VII)

The oxidation of thiophene derivatives by hydrogen peroxide is catalyzed by methyltrioxorhenium(VII) (CH(3)ReO(3)). This compound reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form 1:1 and 1:2 rhenium peroxides, each of which transfers an oxygen atom to the sulfur atom of thiophene and its derivatives. Complete oxidation to the sulfone occurs readily by way of its sulfoxide intermediate. The rates for each oxidation step of dibenzothiophenes, benzothiophenes, and substituted thiophenes were determined. The rate constants for the oxidation of the thiophenes are 2-4 orders of magnitude smaller than those for the oxidation of aliphatic sulfides, whereas the rate constants are generally the same for the oxidation of the thiophene oxides and aliphatic sulfoxides. The rate constant for conversion of a sulfide to a sulfoxide (thiophene oxide) increases when a more electron-donating substituent is introduced into the molecule, whereas the opposite trend was found for the reaction that converts a sulfoxide to a sulfone (thiophene dioxide). Mechanisms consistent with this are proposed. The first trend reflects the attack of the nucleophilic sulfur atom of a thiophene center on a peroxide that has been electrophilically activated by coordination to rhenium. The second, more subtle, trend arises when both sulfoxide and peroxide are coordinated to rhenium; the inherently greater nucleophilicity of peroxide then takes control.     

Stereoselective total syntheses and reassignment of stereochemistry of the freshwater cyanobacterial hepatotoxins cylindrospermopsin and 7-epicylindrospermopsin

A stereoselective total synthesis of the structure 1 proposed for the freshwater cyanobacterial heptatotoxin cylindrospermopsin has been accomplished in approximately 30 operations starting from commercially available 4-methoxypyridine. Utilizing methodology developed by Comins, the tetrasubstituted piperidine A-ring unit of the hepatotoxin was efficiently constructed. The two remaining stereocenters in the natural product were then set by a stereospecific intramolecular N-sulfinylurea Diels-Alder cyclization/Grignard ring opening/allylic sulfoxide [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement sequence previously developed in these laboratories, leading to key intermediate 29. The stereochemical assignment of alcohol 29, which contains all six of the stereogenic centers of the natural product, was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure determination of a derivative. Installation of the D-ring uracil moiety was effected by using our new methodology developed for this purpose, and construction of the C-ring guanidine completed the total synthesis of racemic structure 1. However, the (1)H NMR data for this compound do not match that of cylindrospermopsin, but instead agree with the data reported for 7-epicylindrospermopsin, a minor toxic metabolite that co-occurs with cylindrospermopsin. Therefore, we propose a revision of the stereochemical assignments of these natural products such that cylindrospermopsin is now represented as structure 2 and 7-epicylindrospermopsin is 1. This reassignment was further confirmed by Mitsunobu inversion of the C-7 alcohol 51 to epimer 52, and conversion of this compound to tetracyclic diol 57, which has previously been transformed to cylindrospermopsin (2).     

Mechanistic Investigations into the Application of Sulfoxides in Carbohydrate Synthesis

The utility of sulfoxides in a diverse range of transformations in the field of carbohydrate chemistry has seen rapid growth since the first introduction of a sulfoxide as a glycosyl donor in 1989. Sulfoxides have since developed into more than just anomeric leaving groups, and today have multiple roles in glycosylation reactions. These include as activators for thioglycosides, hemiacetals, and glycals, and as precursors to glycosyl triflates, which are essential for stereoselective β‐mannoside synthesis, and bicyclic sulfonium ions that facilitate the stereoselective synthesis of α‐glycosides. In this review we highlight the mechanistic investigations undertaken in this area, often outlining strategies employed to differentiate between multiple proposed reaction pathways, and how the conclusions of these investigations have and continue to inform upon the development of more efficient transformations in sulfoxide‐based carbohydrate synthesis.     

N-Cbz sulfilimines as valuable intramolecular nucleophiles for the stereoselective synthesis of (−)-deoxocassine and (+)-desoxoprosophylline

N-Cbz sulfilimine, prepared from the corresponding sulfoxide using the Burgess reagent, has been employed as an intramolecular nucleophile for the regio- and stereoselective preparation of a bromo-carbamate from an alkene. The bromo-carbamate has been utilized as an advanced common synthon for the synthesis of deoxocassine and desoxoprosophylline employing the ene and amidomercuration as key reactions.     

Mechanistic studies on a sulfoxide transfer reaction mediated by diphenyl sulfoxide/triflic anhydride

Sulfoxides are frequently used in organic synthesis as chiral auxiliaries and reagents to mediate a wide variety of chemical transformations. For example, diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride can be used to activate a wide range of glycosyl donors including hemiacetals, glycals and thioglycosides. In this way, an alcohol, enol or sulfide is converted into a good leaving group for subsequent reaction with an acceptor alcohol. However, reaction of diphenyl sulfoxide and triflic anhydride with oxathiane-based thioglycosides, and other oxathianes, leads to a different process in which the thioglycoside is oxidised to a sulfoxide. This unexpected oxidation reaction is very stereoselective and proceeds under anhydrous conditions in which the diphenyl sulfoxide acts both as oxidant and as the source of the oxygen atom. Isotopic labelling experiments support a reaction mechanism that involves the formation of oxodisulfonium (S-O-S) dication intermediates. These intermediates undergo oxygen-exchange reactions with other sulfoxides and also allow interconversion of axial and equatorial sulfoxides in oxathiane rings. The reversibility of the oxygen-exchange reaction suggests that the stereochemical outcome of the oxidation reaction may be under thermodynamic control, which potentially presents a novel strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of sulfoxides.     

Alkatrienyl Sulfoxides and Sulfones. Part I. 3-Methyl-1,2,4-pentatrienyl Phenyl Sulfoxide-Synthesis and Electrophile-Induced Cyclization Reactions

A method for the synthesis of the 3-methyl-1,2,4-pentatrienyl phenyl sulfoxide 3 by [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the 3-methyl-1-penten-4-yn-3-yl benzenesulfenate 2 , formed in the reaction of the 3-methyl-1-pentene-4-yn-2-ol 1 with phenylsulfenyl chloride has been created. Possibilities and restrictions of the five-membered heterocyclization in electrophile-induced reactions leading to the synthesis of the 5H-1,2-oxathiol-2-ium salts 5 , 7 , and 8 have been explored. Chlorination of the sulfoxide 2 proceeded with formation of the (E)-2-chloro-3-methylene-1,4-pentadienyl phenyl sulfoxide 4 , while the bromination afforded the 4-bromo-5H-1,2-oxathiol-2-ium bromide 5 , which after reflux in 1,2-dichloroethane eliminated hydrogen bromide and was transformed into the (E)-2-bromo-3-methylene-1,4-pentadienyl phenyl sulfoxide 6 .