反相HPLC法分析红豆杉树皮和树叶中紫杉醇及其类似物含量的研究

建立了红豆杉树皮和树叶中紫杉醇及四种类似物１０－脱乙酰浆果赤霉素Ⅲ（１０－ｄｅａｃｅｔｌｙ－ｂａｃｃａｔｉｎⅢ）浆果赤霉素（Ｂａｃｃａｔｉｎ（Ⅲ），脱乙酰－７－表－紫杉醇（１０ｄｅａｃｅｔｙｌ－７－ｅｐｉ－ｔａｘｏｌ）和Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏａｎｎｉｎｅ）的梯度和等梯度高效液相色谱分析方法。     

工业色谱法分离制备7-木糖基-10-去乙酰紫杉醇酶解产物10-去乙酰紫杉醇

基于工业色谱法分离制备抗癌药物紫杉醇的半合成前体10-去乙酰紫杉醇(10-DAP)。7-木糖基-10-去乙酰紫杉醇(10-DAXP)在我国特有红豆杉品系(中华红豆杉)枝叶中含量丰富,以其为原料可制备紫杉醇最理想的半合成前体——10-DAP。本研究以部分纯化后的7-木糖基-10-去乙酰紫杉烷为原料,通过β-木糖苷酶水解该粗提物中的主要成分10-DAXP及其两个微量类似物7-木糖基-10-去乙酰三尖杉宁碱(10-DAXC)和7-木糖基-10-去乙酰紫杉醇C(10-DAXP C),脱去其C-7位上的木糖基,水解产物采用大孔吸附树脂吸附,正相快速柱分离和反相制备色谱分离,可获得高纯度的目标物10-DAP,产物纯度为96%,整个工艺的收率大于75%。该方法适合以10-DAXP为原料大规模制备紫杉醇的半合成前体化合物10-DAP,为工业化生产紫杉醇开辟了一条新途径。     

紫杉烷二萜类化合物的定量构效关系研究

紫杉醇是从紫杉或红豆杉树中提取的一种天然抗癌原料药,具有独特的抗癌机理。由于紫杉醇的种种限制,开发具有更高抗癌活性的类紫杉醇药物具有广阔的前景。紫杉烷二萜是以紫杉醇为母体,通过对其结构的不断修饰得到的一些二代紫杉醇类化合物。本文选用30个结构多样的紫杉烷二帖类化合物作为数据集,随机选取其中24个作为训练集,其它分子作为检验集,采用多元线性回归法(MLR)及主成分回归分析法(PCA)对每个化合物的195个分子参数进行回归分析,分别建立了定量构效关系的最优预测模型;并用检验集检验了所建模型的预测能力。结果表明,多元线性回归法所建模型与主成分回归法所建模型相对比,发现逐步筛选法为最优建模方法。该方法所建模型统计结果良好(R=0.782,SEE=0.202),应用于检验集时结果也比较令人满意(R=0.764,SEP=0.114),模型表现出较强的可靠性和预测性。模型的建立和主要影响因素的确定有助于指导新型紫杉醇类似物药物的筛选和研发。     

基于龙胆苦苷的二吲哚甲烷类拟单萜吲哚生物碱类似物合成及其抗肿瘤、逆转紫杉醇耐药活性研究

以环烯醚萜类化合物龙胆苦苷为合成模块,利用拟单萜吲哚生物碱的仿生合成途径和组合化学的研究思路,与色胺类衍生物(吲哚结构的活性单元片段)通过缩合反应,首次合成了23个二吲哚甲烷类拟单萜吲哚生物碱类似物。利用核磁共振波谱(NMR)和高分辨质谱(HRMS)等谱学手段对合成化合物的结构进行了表征,并初步评价了其抗肿瘤活性和逆转耐药活性。活性结果表明,化合物4i脱掉糖基保护基后的化合物5i对3种肿瘤细胞系(TE-1,CAL-62和FaDu)的抑制作用强于阳性对照盐酸阿霉素(Dox)。通过与紫杉醇的联合用药,发现部分化合物如4m、4n、4o、4r等能够有效降低人肺癌细胞紫杉醇耐药株A549/Taxol对紫杉醇的耐药性,具有良好的逆转耐药潜力。     

促性腺激素释放激素类似物-紫杉醇靶向抗肿瘤缀合物的合成及评价

以促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)为靶向配体,以紫杉醇为抗癌因子,分别以硫醚键和二硫键为连接臂,设计合成了2个靶向抗肿瘤缀合物.研究了缀合物的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性和GnRH受体结合活性,结果表明,2个缀合物均具有较强的抗肿瘤活性和GnRH受体亲和力;另外,血浆稳定性实验结果显示,以硫醚键偶联的缀合物1在血浆中孵育24 h,原型保留仍在50%以上,具有较高的稳定性.     

紫杉醇研究进展

紫杉醇是目前最新的具有很好疗效的抗癌药物, 本文对自紫杉醇发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。包括以下几个部分: 1.紫杉醇的发现和历史; 2. 紫杉醇的来源; 3. 紫杉醇的全合成研究; 4. 紫杉醇的生物合成; 5. 通过真菌生产紫杉醇; 6.通过植物细胞培养生产紫杉醇; 7. 紫杉醇化学研究的展望。     

克力托辛(Clitocine)及其类似物的合成与生物活性

克力托辛是一种从蘑菇Clitocybe inversa中分离出的天然核苷.它及其类似物具有很高的生物活性.综述了克力托辛及2'-脱氧克力托辛类似物、碱基修饰克力托辛类似物、5'-脱氧克力托辛类似物、碳环克力托辛类似物以及无环克力托辛类似物的合成方法,并对克力托辛及其类似物在农业害虫杀灭、腺苷激酶抑制剂、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等药物研究中的应用进行了概述.     

紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器方法的研究

以巯基化的紫杉醇单抗修饰微梁镀金表面,制备了高灵敏的紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器.利用酶联免疫吸附测定方法对巯基化前后紫杉醇单抗的活性变化,以及巯基化单抗在微梁上的修饰进行检测与验证.采用紫杉醇微悬臂梁免疫传感器对不同浓度的紫杉醇溶液进行检测.结果表明:虽然巯基化后紫杉醇单抗的活性降低了18.6%,但巯基化紫杉醇单抗可以修...     

倍半萜Englerin A及其类似物的合成

2008年从东非大戟科属植物Phyllanthus engleri中分离的吉玛烷型倍半萜(-)-englerin A对6种肾脏癌细胞展示了非常好的抑制活性(GI50:1—87nm),甚至比紫杉醇的抗癌活性高1—2个数量级。这类倍半萜因其结构特点和显著的抗癌活性引起了有机化学界的广泛关注,短短几年之内,就有多条全合成路线先后被报道。本文主要综述了(-)-englerin A及其类似物的合成进展,按照各个研究小组运用的关键策略加以分类,来阐述他们各自的合成特点。     

近年来紫杉醇的合成研究进展

紫杉醇和多烯紫杉醇是目前销量最大的临床抗癌药物.近年来围绕紫杉醇所进行的高水平研究仍然层出不穷.综述了2008年以来紫杉醇的合成研究进展,主要涉及紫杉醇6-8-6骨架的构建、环系的合成以及侧链的制备.     

新型植物生长激素油菜甾醇内酯的合成

本文综述了新型植物生长激素油菜甾醇内酯及其类似物的合成,并简要地讨论了它们的结构与生物活性的关系。     

辣椒素同系物合成、辣度及海洋生物防污性能研究

合成了十种辣椒碱同系物,用感官评定的方法对其辣度进行了测定,并将它们的结构与辣度进行了对比,探讨了影响辣椒碱同系物辣度的结构因子.选取其中辣度较大的四种辣椒碱同系物作为海洋生物防污涂料的驱赶剂,考察了它们的海洋生物防污性能.结果表明,辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱都具有良好的防污性能,二者不相上下.降二氢辣椒碱和壬酸香草胺的防污性能与辣椒碱和二氢辣椒碱有明显区别.仅以辣椒碱或二氢辣椒碱为驱赶剂,且其含量仅为0.1%的情况下,漆膜也表现出较好的防污性能,这为研发新型的、环保的、不含氧化亚铜的防污涂料提供了新思路.     

Synthesis of New Phosphomycin Analogues

Abstract

In the aim to carry out a quantitative reactivity/structure/biological activity relationship, a general four step synthesis, gives us access to a number of new phosphomycin analogues. A new synthesis of di- and tri-substituted vinylphosphonates via cuprate reactions and their epoxidation by dioxirane are described.     

Synthesis and evaluation of bioorthogonal pantetheine analogues for in vivo protein modification

In vivo carrier protein tagging has recently become an attractive target for the site-specific modification of fusion systems and new approaches to natural product proteomics. A detailed study of pantetheine analogues was performed in order to identify suitable partners for covalent protein labeling inside living cells. A rapid synthesis of pantothenamide analogues was developed and used to produce a panel which was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo protein labeling. Kinetic comparisons allowed the construction of a structure-activity relationship to pinpoint the linker, dye, and bioorthogonal reporter of choice for carrier protein labeling. Finally bioorthogonal pantetheine analogues were shown to target carrier proteins with high specificity in vivo and undergo chemoselective ligation to reporters in crude cell lysate. The methods demonstrated here allow carrier proteins to be visualized and isolated for the first time without the need for antibody techniques and set the stage for the future use of carrier protein fusions in chemical biology.     

Binary quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis of estrogen receptor ligands

The use of high throughput screening (HTS) to identify lead compounds has greatly challenged conventional quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) techniques that typically correlate structural variations in similar compounds with continuous changes in biological activity. A new QSAR-like methodology that can correlate less quantitative assay data (i.e., "active" versus "inactive"), as initially generated by HTS, has been introduced. In the present study, we have, for the first time, applied this approach to a drug discovery problem; that is, the study of the estrogen receptor ligands. The binding affinities of 463 estrogen analogues were transformed into a binary data format, and a predictive binary QSAR model was derived using 410 estrogen analogues as a training set. The model was applied to predict the activity of 53 estrogen analogues not included in the training set. An overall accuracy of 94% was obtained.     

Studies on the synthesis, pungency and anti-biofouling performance of capsaicin analogues

Ten capsaicin analogues were synthesized and their pungency degrees were determined through Scoville Organoleptic Test.The relationship between the structure and pungency degree of these capsaicin analogues was discussed.Then four of these capsaicin analogues with higher pungency degree were picked out and added to anti-biofouling paints as repellents to study their anti-biofouling performance by shallow sea buoyant raft hung-plate experimentation.The results showed that capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin exhibited equally good anti-biofouling performance while nordihydrocapsaicin and N-vanillylnonanamide had poor anti-biofouling performance.Experimental results also showed that the paints with only 0.1% capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin as repellent without any other biocides had also exhibited good anti-biofouling performance,which provided a new idea for developing novel,more environment-friendly and Cu2O-free antifouling paints.     

Mutual influence of backbone proline substitution and lipophilic tail character on the biological activity of simplified analogues of caspofungin

The echinocandins represent the most recent class of antifungal drugs. Previous structure-activity relationship studies on these lipopeptides have relied mainly upon semisynthetic derivatives due to their complex chemical structures. A successful strategy for the rapid enantioselective synthesis of the branched fatty acid chain of caspofungin and analogues was developed to synthesize several simplified analogues of caspofungin. The specific minimum inhibitory activity of each mimic was determined against a panel of Candida strains. This approach gave access to new fully synthetic derived caspofungin mimics with high and selective antifungal activities against Candida strains. In addition, the data suggested an important role of the hydroxy proline residue in the bioactive conformation of the macrocyclic peptide ring structure.     

Origin of the Electron Transport Properties of Aromatic and Antiaromatic Single Molecule Circuits

Antiaromatic molecules have been predicted to exhibit increased electron transport properties when placed between two nanoelectrodes compared to their aromatic analogues. While some studies have demonstrated this relationship, others have found no substantial increase. We use atomistic simulations to establish a general relationship between the electronic spectra of aromatic, antiaromatic, and quinoidal molecules and illustrate its implications for electron transport. We compare the electronic properties of a series of aromatic-antiaromatic counterparts and show that antiaromaticity effectively p-dopes the aromatic electronic spectra. As a consequence, the conducting properties of aromatic-antiaromatic analogues are closely related. For similar attachment points to the electrodes, an interference feature is expected in the HOMO-LUMO gap of one whenever it is absent in the other one. We demonstrate how the relative conductance of aromatic-antiaromatic pairs can be tuned and even reversed through the choice of chemical linker groups. Our work provides a general picture relating connectivity, (anti)aromaticity, and quantum interference and establishes new design rules for single molecule circuits.     

两类HPPD酶抑制剂的比较分子场分析研究

用比较分子场分析法（CoMFA）研究了环已二酮类及3-烷基酸-2-环已烯酯类化 合物的结构与活性的关系。本研究从蛋白酶与底物动力学模拟的复合物结构出发构 建两类抑制剂化合物分子的构象，并进行了全空间搜索，CoMFA分析得到了较好的 模型（交叉验证回归系数q~2 = 0.779，模型的线性回归系数r~2 = 0.989）。该方 程不仅可以帮助推测抑制剂与受体的结合方式，还可定量地预测结构相近的类似物 活性，为设计合成新的HPPD酶抑制剂提供了理论依据。     

Structure-activity relationship studies on CXCR4 antagonists having cyclic pentapeptide scaffolds

Structure-activity relationship studies on CXCR4 antagonists, which were previously found by using cyclic pentapeptide libraries, were performed to optimize side-chain functional groups, involving conformationally constrained analogues. In addition, a new lead of cyclic pentapeptides with the introduction of a novel pharmacophore was developed.