吖啶橙催化荧光法测定痕量钒

研究了在酸性介质中柠檬酸存在下,痕量钒（Ｖ）催化溴酸钾氧化吖啶橙退色及其动力学条件,建立了催化荧光法测定痕量钒（Ｖ）的新方法。钒（Ｖ）的线性范围为 ０．２～２．８ μｇ／Ｌ,检出限为 ５．８× １０－８ｇ／Ｌ。３０多种离子基本不干扰测定,将方法用于矿泉水,枸杞和人发样品中钒（Ｖ）的含量的测定,结果满意。此外,还对反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

氯酸钾氧化鸡冠花红新催化光度法同时测定痕量钒（V）,铬（VI）

基于硫酸介质中，柠檬酸作活化剂，钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ）催化氯酸钾氧化鸡冠花红褪色的反应，建立了催化光度同时测定痕量钒（Ｖ）、铬（Ⅵ）的新方法。研究了影响反应速率的最佳条件。本法测定钒（Ｖ）、铬（Ⅵ）的线性范围分别为０￣８μｇ／Ｌ和０￣０．６ｍｇ／Ｌ；检出限分别为１．７９×１０＾－７ｇ／Ｌ和２．３６×１０＾－５ｇ／Ｌ。用于测定环境水样、钢样及废水中的钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ），结果令人满意。     

催化光度法测定超痕量钒

１引言催化光度法具有灵敏、简便、不需使用复杂仪器等特点，是常见的痕量分析方法之一。本文发现，在弱酸性介质中钒能灵敏地催化溴酸钾氧化Ｈ酸生成红色产物，８－羟基喹啉对该反应有强烈的活化作用，据此可建立一个测定超痕量钒的催化动力学光度法。２实验部分２．１仪器和试剂７２２型分光光度计；５０１·型超级恒温槽。钒标准溶液：用偏钒酸铵按常规方法配制；０．２０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ溴酸钾溶液；０．０２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ酸溶液：用Ｈ酸－钠盐配制，贮于棕色瓶中置暗处存放，可使用５天；０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ抗坏血酸溶液；２．０ｇ／Ｌ８－羟…     

茚三酮缩7—氨基—8—羟基喹啉—5—磺酸催化荧光测定痕量钒（Ⅴ）及其…

合成了新型席夫碱类试剂茚三酮缩７－氨基－８－羟基喹啉－５－磺酸，建立了该剂催化荧光测定痕量钒的 新体系，反应在盐酸体系中进行，其λｅｘ／λｅｍ为３２５／４４８（ｎｍ），钒（Ⅴ）的量在０－４０．０μｇ／Ｌ、４０．０－１６０．０μｇ／Ｌ呈良好线性关系，检测下限为１．７μｇ／Ｌ，方法用于水样痕量钒的测定，结果令人 满意。     

氯酸钾氧化鸡冠花红新催化光度法同时测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)、铬(Ⅵ)

基于硫酸介质中，柠檬酸作活化剂，钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ）催化氨酸钾氧化鸡冠花红褪色的反应，建立了催化光度同时测定痕量钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ）的新方法。研究了影响反应速率的最佳条件。本法测定钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ）的线性范围分别为 ０～ ８μｍ／Ｌ和０～０.６ｍｇ／Ｌ；检出限分别为１．７９×１０－７ｇ／Ｌ和２．３６×１０－５ｇ／Ｌ。用于测定环境水样、钢样及废水中的钒（Ⅴ）、铬（Ⅵ），结果令人满意。     

多目标单纯形法在苯素红催化荧光测定痕量钒（V）中的应用

本建立了苯素红催化荧光测定痕量钒的新方法。在λｅｘ／λｅｍ＝３８１／４４５（ｎｍ）由多目标罚函数单纯形法获得最佳实验条件为：１％苯素红６ｍＬ，１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸２．１ｍＬ，饮和ＫＩＯ４１．８ｍＬ，反应温度８５℃，反应时间１５．３０ｍｉｎ，钒的检测下限为７×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍＬ，反应对试剂及金属离子均为一极反应。方法用于水样和铬钒钢中钒的测定，结果满意。     

钴—H2O2—水杨基荧光酮反应体系的新催化动力学分析方法研究

在碱性介质中，痕量钴（Ⅱ）能显著催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化水杨基荧光酮的指示反应，本文据此建立了测定痕量钴的新催化动力学分析法，方法线性范围为０．１～２．８μｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０２μｇ／Ｌ。测得反应表现活化能为５９．０３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。测定了人发，茶叶，土壤和水等样品中钴的含量，结果满意。     

以酚藏花红为指示剂催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根的研究

基于稀磷酸介质中，亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化酚藏花红反应的催化作用，建立了催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根的新方法。反应在５５℃水浴中进行８ｍｉｎ，线性范围为０．２７～７．３μｇ／Ｌ，其回归方程为ΔＦ＝０．４０＋１０．９３ｃ，ｒ＝０．９９９４。用于水样中痕量亚硝酸根的测定，结果良好。     

高碘酸钾-罗丹明6G催化荧光法测定超痕量钌

研究了在盐酸介质中,钌催化高碘酸钾氧化罗丹明６Ｇ的反应及动力学条件,建立了高灵敏测定超痕量钌的新方法。线性范围为０．２～１．０ｎｇ／２５ｍ Ｌ,检出限为６．５×１０－ １２ｇ／ｍ Ｌ。方法已用于合成样中钌的测定。     

催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒(Ⅴ)的研究

研究了在ｐＨ９．２的硼砂介质中，痕量钒（Ⅴ）催化Ｈ２Ｏ２氧化桑色素褪色反应体系的新催化光度法。测量范围为０～７．５μｇ／５０ｍＬ加标回收率为９５％～９８．５％，测定２μｇ钒（Ⅴ），ＲＳＤ为１．６８％，用于水样中痕量钒（Ⅴ）的测定。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Estimation of Kinetic Parameters of Thermal Oxidation of Ilmenite

The aim of the presented work was the investigation of thermal oxidation of ilmenite in static air atmosphere. The investigations were carried out by use of a derivatograph (MOM, Hungary). The changes of crystallographic structure of investigated samples were identified by X-ray diffractometry on Philips PW-1710 diffractometer. In temperature above 500°C appears structure of hematite Fe₂O₃. On the basis of the thermogravimetric measurements, the contracting area and contracting volume models were found as the best fitting experimental data. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mechanism of action of base-catalyzed oxygenation of phenol derivatives

Cyclopropyl derivative of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol is synthesized as a probe to investigate the mechanism of base-catalyzed autooxidation of phenol derivatives. Our study indicates that one electron reduction of molecular oxygen from phenolate gives phenoxyl radical 3, a key intermediate of autooxidation. The coupling of phenoxyl radical and superoxide radical gives peroxylate anion 4 and produces the final epoxy alcohol adduct 6.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

化学计量中不确定度评定研究进展

测量不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性的参数。本文针对化学计量不确定度评定基础模型仅适用于线性模型、概率分布为正态分布或缩放位移t分布等局限,介绍了近年来不确定度评定的研究热点:蒙特卡罗方法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM),不确定度评定的来源、评定概念、评估方法及其发展过程,扩大了测量不确定度评定与表示的适用范围。     

微量钙的测定方法研究进展

介绍了1995-2006年期间测定微量和痕量钙的方法,如电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法、原子吸收光谱法以及离子色谱法等的工作原理和特点,并说明了其测定微量钙的应用领域。并对微量钙的测定技术进行了展望(引用文献55篇)。