Mn改性Ni/K/MoS2合成低碳醇催化剂反应性能研究

以不同的添加方式在Ni/K/MoS2催化剂中加入Mn助剂，考察其合成醇反应性能。结果表明，Mn/Ni/K/MoS2催化剂具有较好的合成低碳混合醇反应性能。共沉淀法以醋酸锰为前驱体加入0.6%的Mn助剂后，C2+含量，醇时空产率及选择性均明显提高;分步沉淀法使Mn的加入量增加到0.6%，醇时空产率明显增加。以浸渍法按化学计量加入Mn助剂考察其含量对催化剂合成醇性能的影响，当Mn/Mo（原子比）为1∶时，反应条件为315 ℃, 9.5 MPa, 6 000 h－1，醇时空产率和醇选择性分别达到最高值0.338?g/mL·h和69.6%。300 h的稳定性测试结果表明，共沉淀法改性的催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

K改性β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的研究

制备系列K改性的β-Mo2C催化剂并对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇性能进行了考察。结果表明,K改性使β-Mo2C催化剂的CO加氢选择性发生显著变化。β-Mo2C催化剂CO加氢的产物主要为C1～C4烷烃,经K改性后β-Mo2C催化剂上产物主要为C1～C5低碳醇,其中高级醇(C2+OH)选择性可达到33.78%。通过对碱金属质量分数的考察发现,当K/Mo（原子比）为0.2时,总醇选择性达到最大值,低碳醇的时空收率达到0.12 g/（mL·h－１）。β-Mo2C催化剂上醇烃产物均符合线性Anderson-Schultz-Flory（A-S-F）分布曲线,而K改性β-Mo2C催化剂上醇产物为独特的甲醇负偏离A-S-F分布。可见,K助剂的加入有效促进了低碳醇的形成,尤其是促进了C1OH到C2OH的链增长步骤。     

新型K/α-MoC1-x催化剂CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的研究

制备K改性的αMoC1－x催化剂并对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇性能进行了考察。结果表明,K改性使αMoC1－x催化剂的CO加氢选择性发生显著变化。αMoC1－x 催化剂CO加氢的产物主要为CO2和C1~4烷烃,同时有少量醇产物生成;经K改性后αMoC1－x催化剂产物中烷烃选择性明显降低,而C1~5低碳醇选择性显著提高。通过对碱金属质量分数的考察发现,当K/Mo（摩尔比）为0.1时,总醇选择性达到极大值,低碳醇的时空收率达到28.6g/（L·h）。αMoC1－x催化剂上醇烃产物符合线性A-S-F分布曲线,K改性αMoC1－x催化剂上醇烃产物也有类似A-S-F分布曲线,但K助剂的加入有效促进了低碳醇的形成及其链增长能力。结合XRD、SEM及XPS表征,K助剂与αMoC1－x催化剂主体之间的电子作用导致其CO加氢产物选择性发生显著变化,这与K/αMoC1－x催化剂表面“K-Mo-C”新相的生成有关。     

Ni改性Cu/Mn/ZrO2催化剂合成低碳混和醇的研究

Ni改性的Cu/Mn/ZrO2是CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的有效催化剂,在较为温和的条件(T=573K,p=8.0MPa,GHSV=5000h-1)下,醇的时空产率为0.36g/(ml.h),其中C2+OH的选择性约30%.产物由直链C2+OH和以异丁醇为主的支链醇构成.温度和压力的提高明显促进了异丁醇的生成.可以认为,Ni的添加对直链醇的生成有决定性作用,而异丁醇的生成取决于Zr的作用.反应过程中甲烷等副产物的生成及水煤气变换反应可控制在合理的范围内.另外,K助剂的加入可进一步促进C2+OH的生成.     

合成低碳醇钼系耐硫催化剂中K2CO3的作用及K^＋的结构状态

研究了合成低碳混合醇钼系耐硫催化剂的制备方法和CO加H_2反应性能。考察了K_2CO_3作为助剂对提高醇的选择性的作用。用XRD、TEM及XPS等多种测试手段分析了K~ 的结构状态,发现在催化剂表面上生成了微晶活性相。     

在铜基催化剂上由CO加氢合成低碳混合醇反应速率控制步骤探讨

本文应用“原位”发射红外光谱技术，在２８０℃，０．５ＭＰａ反应条件下，对于Ｃｕ／ＺｎＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂 ＣＯ＋Ｈ２ＣＯ＋Ｈ２＋ＣＯ２反应体系的反应过程进行了动态跟踪结果表明，ＣＯ｜Ｈ２反应体系中，ＣＯ插入表面－烷氧基的金属－碳键可能是生成碳二以上醇的反应速控步骤。     

在Cu—Zn—Al—Ti—K催化剂上合成低碳混合醇的反应网络结构

用动力学方法系统地考察了在Cu-Zn-Al-Ti-K催化剂上合成低碳混合醇的反应网络结构,在此基础上提出了较完整的反应网络构造图。研究结果表明,甲醇是由CO加H_2和CO_2加H_2两条途径生成的,其它醇是从甲醇出发经过碳链增长过程生成的。甲烷是CO和H_2反应的产物,其它烃经由甲烷按碳链增长方式产生,其中乙烷也可能经乙醇产生。在经过很短的一段反应时间之后,就发生了逆变换向变换反应的转变,变换反应起了向CO_2加H_2合成甲醇这一途径提供反应物CO_2的作用。     

Effect of Mn Promoter on Structure and Performance of K-Co-Mo Catalyst for Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from CO Hydrogenation

A series of Mn-doped K-Co-Mo catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method. The catalyst structure was well characterized by X-ray diffraction, N₂ physisorption, NH₃ temperatureprogrammed adsorption, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The catalytic performance for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas was measured. It was found that the Mn-doped catalysts exhibited a much higher activity as compared to the unpromoted catalyst, and in particular the C₂₊ alcohol selectivity increased significantly. The distribution of alcohol products deviated from the Anderson-Schulz-Flory law. The portion of methanol in total alcohol was suppressed remarkably and the ethanol became the predominant product. Characterization results indicated that the incorporation of Mn enhanced the interaction of Co and Mo and thus led to the formation of Co-Mo-O species, which was regarded as the active site for the alcohol synthesis. Secondly, the presence of Mn reduced the amount of strong acid sites significantly and meanwhile promoted the formation of weak acid sites, which had a positive effect on the synthesis of alcohol. Furthermore, it was found that the incorporation of Mn can enhance the adsorption of linear- and bridge-type CO significantly, which contributed to the formation of alcohol and growth of carbon chain and thus increased the selectivity to C₂₊OH.     

CO加氢合成低碳混合醇催化体系研究新进展

CO加氢合成低碳混合醇是C1化学研究的重要内容之一,近年来低碳混合醇在燃料和化工领域的应用价值逐步凸现,相关研究也受到越来越普遍的关注.本文就CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的催化剂体系、反应机理、合成工艺及应用等方面的最新进展进行了综述.     

Synthesis of Higher Alcohols from Syngas over Alkali Promoted K-Co-Mo Catalysts Supported on Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes

A series of carbon nanotubes-supported K-Co-Mo catalysts were prepared by a sol-gel method combined with incipient wetness impregnation.The catalyst structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N₂ adsorption-desorption,transmission electron microscopy and H₂-TPD,and its catalytic performance toward the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas was investigated.The as-prepared catalyst particles had a low crystallization degree and high dispersion on the outer and inner surface of CNTs.The uniform mesoporous structure of CNTs increased the diffusion rate of reactants and products,thus promoting the reaction conversion.Furthermore,the incorporation of CNTs support led to a high capability of hydrogen absorption and spillover and promoted the formation of alkyl group,which served as the key intermediate for the alcohol formation and carbon chain growth.Benefiting from these characteristics,the CNTs supported Mo-based catalyst showed the excellent catalytic performance for the higher alcohols synthesis as compared to the unsupported catalyst and activated carbon supported catalyst.     

CO2加氢制低碳醇CuFe基催化剂中的Mn助剂效应

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Mn掺杂的CuFeZnK催化剂, 研究了Mn助剂对催化剂的结构及催化CO₂加氢制低碳醇合成性能的影响. 结果表明, 引入适量的Mn(质量分数2.1%)能有效提高低碳醇的选择性和时空收 率(STY), 在320 ℃和5 MPa的条件下, CO₂的转化率为29.4%, 低碳醇选择性(CO-free)达到23.2%, 时空收率达到41.1 mg·{\mathrm{g}}_{\mathrm{c}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{t}}^{-\mathrm{1}}·h^?1, 且低碳醇在总醇中的比例达到96.9%. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 N₂吸附-脱附实验、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对制得催化剂进行表征, 结果表明, 适量Mn可以起到结构助剂的作用, 减小Cu颗粒尺寸的同时促进Fe₅C₂相的形成, 从而构建丰富的Cu-Fe₅C₂活性界面, 用于低碳醇合成. 而过量的Mn反而会堵塞催化剂的孔道, 覆盖活性位点, 降低了催化性能.     

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Novel Promoter of Catalysts for CO/CO2 Hydrogenation to Alcohols

Multi-walled carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) are drawing increasing attention in recent years. This material possesses a series of unique features, such as its nanometer-sized channel, highly conductive graphitized tube-wall, sp ²-C-constructed surface, and excellent performance for adsorption and spillover of hydrogen, which make the MWCNTs full of promise to be a novel catalyst support or promoter. This article will review the recent progress in applied research of MWCNTs as a novel promoter in heterogeneous catalysis for active components, including metals and their oxides, with the emphasis on the study and development of MWCNT-promoted catalysts related to CO/CO₂ hydrogenation to alcohols and dimethyl ether based on the recent works carried out in our laboratory.     

Tungsten Promoted Ni／Al2O3 Catalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas

A series of tungsten promoted alumina supported nickel catalysts has been prepared for the carbon diox-ide reforming of methane to synthesis gas. The catalysts have been characterized by means of XRD, TEM,and Laser Raman spectroscopy. It is shown that the addition of tungsten to the nickel catalyst can stabilize the catalyst and increase the resistance to carbon deposition. Adding a suitable amount of tungsten can also increase the catalyst activity to be close to that of supported noble metal catalysts. The carburisation of the tungsten modified nickel catalyst decreases the catalyst activity at lower reaction temperatures (＜1123K),but has no effect on the catalyst performance at higher reaction temperatures. The alumina supported nickel catalyst modified by 0. 67% (mass fraction) WO3 has the equivalent equilibrium constant of the dry reforming reaction to that of alumina supported 5% (mass fraction) Ru at 873 K, and also has a lower activation energy for dry reforming than the latter.     

Design and Synthesis of Copper–Cobalt Catalysts for the Selective Conversion of Synthesis Gas to Ethanol and Higher Alcohols

Combining quantum‐mechanical simulations and synthesis tools allows the design of highly efficient CuCo/MoO_x catalysts for the selective conversion of synthesis gas (CO+H₂) into ethanol and higher alcohols, which are of eminent interest for the production of platform chemicals from non‐petroleum feedstocks. Density functional theory calculations coupled to microkinetic models identify mixed Cu–Co alloy sites, at Co‐enriched surfaces, as ideal for the selective production of long‐chain alcohols. Accordingly, a versatile synthesis route is developed based on metal nanoparticle exsolution from a molybdate precursor compound whose crystalline structure isomorphically accommodates Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ cations in a wide range of compositions. As revealed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray nanospectroscopy and temperature‐resolved X‐ray diffraction, superior mixing of Cu and Co species promotes formation of CuCo alloy nanocrystals after activation, leading to two orders of magnitude higher yield to high alcohols than a benchmark CuCoCr catalyst. Substantiating simulations, the yield to high alcohols is maximized in parallel to the CuCo alloy contribution, for Co‐rich surface compositions, for which Cu phase segregation is prevented.     

Cu含量对以水滑石为前驱体的Cu/Co/Mn/Al催化剂高级醇合成性能的影响

A series of Cu/Co/Mn/Al catalysts derived from hydrotalcite precursors with different Cu/Co molar ratios (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0) were prepared and used for the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas. N₂ physical adsorption desorption, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), thermogravimetry (TG), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques were employed to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the Cu/Co/Mn/Al catalysts. The results show that the optimum Cu content can increase specific surface area, improve reducibility, and form regular layered structure to provide more uniform distribution of active sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity and alcohol selectivity. When the Cu/Co molar ratio was 0.5, the yield of alcohol and the alcohol selectivity reached the maximum values of 0.071 g·g^-1·h^-1 and 35.9%, respectively.     

K-Mo基催化剂的表面酸性与其合成醇选择性

对500℃和800℃焙烧制得的氧化态K－MoO3／γ－AlO3，K－MoO3／SiO2及非负载K－Mo催化剂进行硫化后，测试其合成醇活性．结果表明500℃焙烧制得的负载型催化剂显示较高的合成低碳烃活性和较低的合成低磷醇选择性，经800℃焙烧后，合成低磷醇的选择性大幅度提高．500℃焙烧的非负载K－Mo催化剂显示较高的合成醇选择性，经800℃焙烧后，促碳醇的选择性保持不变．用氨的吸附及TPD方法测定了各样品的酸性，并与催化剂活性对照，发现催化剂酸性越强，酸量越大，则其合成醇选择性越低．催化剂上的乙醇分解实验证实，催化剂的酸量大小与它的醇分解活性成正变关系，这些结果说明催化剂酸性对其合成醇性能有直接的影响．     

表面活性剂修饰的CuCoMn催化剂催化合成低碳醇

分别采用阳离子（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵,CTAB）、阴离子（十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS）、非离子（三嵌段共聚物,P123）三种不同类型的表面活性剂对CuCoMn基催化剂进行改性,利用N2吸脱附、XRD、XPS、IR手段表征了催化剂的微观结构．在生物质基合成气合成高醇中的应用研究结果表明,SDS修饰的CuCoMn催化剂表现出较高的CO转化率（29．7％）,而CTAB修饰的CuCoMn催化剂具有优良的高醇选择性（41．2％）．同时,三种表面活性剂修饰的催化剂均不同程度地提高了高醇产率及其在醇产物中的比例．由于CTAB修饰的催化剂具有孔径最大、形成的CuCoMnO4尖晶石结构结晶度最高、表面金属原子趋于低价态等特点,这些性质与其良好的高醇合成反应性能有关．在金属沉淀阶段加入CTAB得到的催化剂有利于形成高醇产物．