稀土对钨钴钛类硬质合金性能及组织结构的影响

研究了在钨钴钛类硬质合金中的添加稀土元素对合金性能和组织结构的影响，以及稀土在硬质合金中的存在形貌和分布状态。结果表明，添加稀土后合金性能如抗弯强度和抗冲击性都有明显提高，并着重阐述了稀土对ＷＣ－１４ＴｉＣ－８Ｃｏ合金的强化机理。     

稀土对钨钴类硬质合金性能及组织结构的影响

研究了在钨钴类硬质合金中的添加稀土元素对合金性能和组织结构的影响，以及稀土在硬质合金中的存在形貌和分布状态。结果表明，添加稀土后合金性能如抗弯强度和抗冲击性都有明显提高，并着重阐述了对ＷＣ－１４ＴｉＣ－８Ｃｏ合金的强化机理。     

钇提高YT14硬质合金耐磨性的机制

研究了不同Ｙ添加量对ＹＴ１４硬质合金显微组织、结构和耐磨性的影响。结果表明，在ＹＴ１４硬质合金中添加微量Ｙ，可显著提高合金的耐磨性。Ｙ的主要作用是均匀细化碳化物相和Ｃｏ相；提高Ｃｏ粘结相中Ｗ、Ｔｉ元素的固溶量及αＣｏ相所占的体积分数，从而提高Ｃｏ粘结相的强韧性；Ｙ在合金中形成Ｙ２ＷＯ６，表明Ｙ还可还原和清除碳化钨表面氧化膜，增强Ｃｏ粘结相与硬质相之间的结合强度     

钆提高YT14硬质合金耐磨性的机制

研究了不同Ｙ添加量对ＹＴ１４硬质合金显微组织，结构和耐磨性的影响。结果表明，在ＹＴ１４硬质合金名添加微量Ｙ，可显著提高合金铁耐磨性。Ｙ的主要作用是均匀细化碳化物相和Ｃｏ相，提高Ｃｏ粘结相中Ｗ，Ｔｉ元素的固溶量α－Ｃｏ相所占的体积分数，从而提高Ｃｏ粘结相的强韧性。     

添加Al、Mg、W、Mo对烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能与显微组织的影响

研究了在烧结ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体晶间添加Ａｌ、Ｍｇ、Ｗ、Ｍｏ等合金元素对显微组织和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明：低熔点合金元素Ａｌ、Ｍｇ能显著提高ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体的矫顽力，略微降低剩磁，对磁体的热稳定性无影响；高熔点合金元素Ｗ、Ｍｏ在不降低剩磁的情况下亦能提高磁体的矫顽力，但效果不如Ａｌ、Ｍｇ明显。显微组织分析表明，在添加低熔点和高熔点合金元素的磁体晶间发现了两种不同的新相。矫顽力的提高可归于晶间新相的出现。进一步分析表明，与传统的合金化相比，对ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体晶间区域进行微合金化是改进ＮｄＦｅＢ磁体组织与性能的一种更为有效的手段。     

镧在镍铬钴钨合金中的偏聚作用

用扫描俄歇电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜技术，研究微量镧在Ｎｉ２０Ｃｒ２０Ｃｏ１８Ｗ高温合金中的偏聚作用。发现时效状态下镧偏聚在晶界和碳化物相界，降低了界面上碳的含量；镧与杂质元素（硫、氧和氮）结合，形成没有固定成分比的原子尺寸薄膜，其作用是减慢碳化物长大速度，增加杂质的分散度，从而显著地改善合金的持久性能。     

微量稀土元素添加剂对YT14硬质合金粒度的影响

利用能谱仪的图像处理程序研究和微量混合稀土元素添加剂对ＹＴ１４硬质合金粒度的影响。结果表明：添加不影响硬质相ＷＣ和粘结相Ｃｏ的粒度，但可以抑制ＹＴ类硬质合金Ｃ固溶体晶粒长大，细化晶粒，使晶粒大小均匀。     

合金元素对HDDR工艺Nd—Fe—B合金粉显微组织和磁各向异性的影响

研究了Ｃｏ和Ｚｒ对ＮｄＦｅＢ合金ＨＤＤＲ粉显微组织和磁各向异性的影响。磁测量结果表明，Ｎｄ１３Ｆｅ８０．４Ｚｒ０．１Ｂ６．５基本上是磁各向同性的，而Ｎｄ１５Ｆｅ６６．９Ｃｏ１１Ｚｒ０．１Ｂ７合金粉末则具有较强的磁各向异性，显微组织观察发现，退火后ＮｄＦｅＢ合金中存在一些富Ｚｒ的新相，并且这些新相在ＨＤＤＲ处理过程中并不发生变化，而Ｃｏ在一定程度上抑制了这些新相的出现，不仅减小了该相的体积份数而且降低了其中的Ｚｒ含量。分析表明，对ＮｄＦｅＢ合金化学成分进行优化以保证硬磁相内溶有一定量的合金元素（例如Ｚｒ）是获得各向异性ＨＤＤＲ粉的关键所在。     

表面化学镀对贮氢合金MmNi3.8Co0.5Mn0.4Al0.3性能的影响

在贮氢合金ＭｍＮｉ３．８Ｃｏ０．５Ｍｎ０．４Ａｌ０．３（Ｍｍ为混合希土）粉末表面分别进行化学镀Ｃｕ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｎｉ－Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ－Ｓｎ，Ｎｉ－Ｗ。结果表明不同化学镀对合金贮氢性能有很大影响。     

高温钛合金中稀土相的热稳定性

对Ｔｉ５Ａｌ４Ｓｎ２Ｚｒ１Ｍｏ０．２５Ｓｉ１Ｎｄ（Ｔｉ５５）高温钛合金在α相区、α＋β相区，β相区不同温度、时间热处理样品的分析表明：在６００～９８０℃／１～１００ｈ及１０５０～１５００℃／１～１０ｈ条件下，稀土相颗粒尺寸在３３４～４２０μｍ之间波动；圆度系数在０６１９～０７５９之间波动；体积分数在１４％～１８％之间波动。稀土相颗粒尺寸、形状，体积分数基本不变，具有良好的热稳定性。     

Zum thermochemischen Verhalten von Halogeniden,Oxidhalogeniden, Aluminiumhalogeniden und Ammoniumhalogeniden der Seltenerdelemente

The Thermochemical Behaviour of Halides, Oxidehalides, Aluminiumhalides and Ammoniumhalides of Rare‐Earth‐Elements After a critical sifting of the thermal behaviour of Rare earth halides LnX₃, oxide halides LnOX, aluminium halides Ln_mAl_nX_3(m+n) and ammonium halides (NH₄)_xLn_yX_3y+x the enthalpies of formation and the standard entropies are evaluated and the recommended values are indicated. From the straight‐line dependence between the differences of the enthalpies of formation of Rare earth oxides and ‐halides as well as ‐oxidhalides and the ion radii of the concerned elements the values for some halides and oxide halides, which are missing in the literature, are deduced. The evaporation and sublimation behaviour of the LnX₃ as well as the decomposition behaviour of the compounds LnOX are generalizing described and chemical vapour transport properties of the LnX₃ with AlX₃ are systematically arranged. The thermal stability of the Europium trihalides is quantified. From the well known phase barograms and diagrams of the systems Rare earth trihalide/aluminium halide (LnX₃/AlX₃) and ammonium halide (LnX₃/NH₄X) general conclusions are deduced for systems with LnX₃.     

Synthesis and Upconversion Luminescence in LaF3:Yb3+, Ho3+, GdF3: Yb3+, Tm3+ and YF3:Yb3+, Er3+ obtained from Sulfide Precursors

Rare earth fluorides are mainly obtained from aqueous solutions of oxygen‐containing precursors. Probably, this method is simple and efficient, however, oxygen may partially be retained in the fluoride structure. We offer an alternative method: obtaining fluorides and solid solutions based on them from an oxygen‐free precursor. As starting materials, we choose sulfides of rare‐earth elements and solid solutions based on them. The fluorination is carried out by exposure to hydrofluoric acid of various concentrations. The transmission electron microscopy images revealed the different morphologies of the products, which depend on the concentration of the fluorinating component (HF) and the host element. The solid solution particle size varied from 30–35 nm in the case of GdF₃:Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ (4 % HF) to larger structures with dimensions exceeding 200 nm, such as that for LaF₃:Yb³⁺, Ho³⁺ (40 % HF). The thermal characteristics, such as the temperatures of the transitions and melting and enthalpies, were determined for the solid solutions and simple fluorides. Applicability of the materials obtained as biological luminescent markers was tested on the example of upconversion luminescence, and good upconversion properties were detected.     

Herstellung von Tetrahydrofuranverbindungen der Ceriterdiodide

Summary The anhydrous iodides of the cerium earth elements were prepared by the ammonium iodide-vacuum method (Samarium and Europium afforded the di-iodides). Extraction with tetrahydrofuran (THF) yielded the solvatesMI ₃ nTHF (M=La, Ce:n=4;M=Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd:n=3.5), together with EuI₂·3.5THF. The compounds were characterized by chemical analysis: their solubilities inTHF were determined.

     

独居石精矿碳还原过程的研究

采用Ｘ射线衍射、电子探针、热重分析及化学分析等方法研究了独居石精矿的Ｃ还原行为,考察了ＲＥＰＯ４的分解过程。结果表明,在一定温度下,独居石精矿中的ＲＥＰＯ４能被Ｃ分解为稀土氧化物,Ｐ以单质形式被还原挥发出去,其中ＣｅＰＯ４的分解过程与ＬａＰＯ４,ＮｄＰＯ４等的分解过程不同步。     

Application of electrokinetic supercharging capillary zone electrophoresis to rare-earth ore samples

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using electrokinetic injection (EKI) with transient isotachophoresis, which was named “electrokinetic supercharging-CZE ” (EKS-CZE), was applied to model samples of rare-earth ores (xenotime and monazite) and a real sample of monazite ore, the abundance of the components being greatly different among samples. When simple EKI was applied, separation and detection of rare-earth ions with smaller mobilities than the major component became difficult with an increase of the content of the major component. In contrast, when EKS-CZE was applied, the minor components (Er, Tm, Yb) with contents less than 0.025% (rare-earth/total rare-earth) could be analyzed. The analytical results for minor components in monazite ore agreed with those obtained by isotachophoresis–particle-induced X-ray emission (ITP–PIXE) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) with errors less than 17%. The sample amount required for analysis was 9 μg which is 200-fold smaller than that used in ITP-PIXE analysis. Analytical sensitivity of EKS-CZE was comparable with that of ICP-AES.     

复合稀土氧化物和硫氧化物超细粉的制备和结构

以脲为水解试剂，采用强迫水解法制备了（Ｙ，Ｃｄ，Ｅｕ）２Ｏ３，（Ｙ，Ｔｂ）２Ｏ３，（Ｙ，Ｇｄ，Ｅｕ）２Ｏ２Ｓ和（Ｙ，Ｔｂ）２Ｏ２Ｓ等一系列复合稀土氧化物和硫氧化物细粉，研究了热分解反应的机理以及产物的结构和性能。     

LnPS4系列化合物的拉曼光谱

对四方磷钇矿型结构的ＬｎＰＳ４系列化合物Ｒａｍａｎ光谱的研究表明，ＰＳ３－４阴离子的对称伸缩振动频率ν１随镧系收缩呈线性有规则增大，非四方晶系ＬｕＰＳ４的ν１值明显偏离该直线，这种变化趋势与相应结构的变化一致。     

含稀土聚合物的进展

本文综述了含稀土聚合物的合成、性质以及应用等方面的研究进展。     

稀土溴化物与甘氨酸配合物标准摩尔生成焓的测定

采用量热法在２９８１５±０１０Ｋ测量了ＲＥＢｒ３·３Ｇｌｙ·３Ｈ２Ｏ（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｙ；Ｇｌｙ为甘氨酸）和甘氨酸在水中的积分溶解热，及ＲＥＢｒ３·ｎＨ２Ｏ（ＲＥ＝Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｐｒ时，ｎ＝７；ＲＥ＝Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ、Ｇｄ、Ｔｂ、Ｄｙ、Ｙ时，ｎ＝６）在甘氨酸水溶液中的积分溶解热。用本研究设计的热化学循环求得上述１０种ＲＥＢｒ３·３Ｇｌｙ·３Ｈ２Ｏ配合物的标准摩尔生成焓，并计算出它们的晶格能。     

稀土氧硫化物上的羰基硫水解反应

研究了一种新型的羰基硫水解催化剂--稀土氧硫化物.考察了稀土系列氧化物硫化后的水解活性,发现其活性顺序为La≈Pr≈Nd≈Sm>Eu>Ce>Gd≈Ho>Dy>Er.XRD物相分析表明,各种稀土氧化物经水合及硫化后呈现出不同的物相变化特性,稀土氧硫化物是COS水解的活性物质.在氧硫化镧和氧硫化钕催化剂上研究了O₂和SO₂对羰基硫水解反应的影响,与传统的氧化铝基和氧化钛基水解催化剂相比,稀土氧硫化物显示出良好的抗氧化性能,而SO₂对催化活性的影响是可逆的.