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1.
研究了钠、钾助剂对FeMn 合成低碳烯烃催化剂结构及性能的影响. 低温N2吸附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、CO/CO2程序升温脱附(CO/CO2-TPD)、Mössbauer 谱和CO+H2反应的研究结果表明,增加Mn助剂含量促进了活性相的分散和低碳烯烃的生成,而过多锰助剂在催化剂表面的富集则降低了费托合成反应的CO转化率;钾助剂和钠助剂的加入均抑制了催化剂的还原并且促进了CO2和CO的吸附. 比较还原后(H2/CO摩尔比为20)和反应后(H2/CO摩尔比为3.5)催化剂的体相结构可以发现,在FeMn、FeMnNa和FeMnK催化剂中,由于钾助剂的碱性和CO吸附能力较强,因此体相中FeCx的含量相对较高;而活性测试结果表明,FeMnNa催化剂拥有最好的CO转化率(96.2%)和低碳烯烃选择性(30.5%,摩尔分数).  相似文献   

2.
采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、原子吸收、程序升温还原、X射线吸收近边吸收谱、X射线光电子能谱、氮吸附等手段对水热合成(HS)、等体积浸渍(PVI)与离子交换(IE)法制备的CuSAPO-34样品进行了表征,并评价了老化前后催化剂上C3H6-SCR与NH3-SCR脱除模拟柴油车尾气中NOx的反应活性.结果表明,IE法制得的催化剂活性最高,尤其在C3H6-SCR低温阶段;PVI法制得的催化剂活性最差.制备方法影响CuSAPO-34催化剂的比表面积、孔径分布和活性组分价态从而改变其催化活性.各催化剂均存在Cu+和Cu2+,但比例明显不同.HS样品以Cu2+为主,另两种样品则含较多的Cu+.老化不仅部分破坏了分子筛的形貌、降低了分子筛的比表面积,尤其是表面Cu含量,而且有部分Cu生成了CuSO4,使得老化后催化剂的脱硝活性降低.PVI法制得的催化剂老化后活性下降幅度最小,表明该分子筛抗老化能力较强.  相似文献   

3.
使用尿素沉淀凝胶、机械混合和等体积浸渍相结合的方法, 制备了一系列的纳米尺寸FeK-M/γ-Al2O3(M=Cd, Cu)催化剂, 采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、N2物理吸附、X射线衍射(XRD)光谱和H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)仪对催化剂进行表征, 并在小型固定床反应器上考察其对CO2加氢反应的催化性能. 结果表明:3 MPa, 400 °C, 3600 h-1, H2/CO2摩尔比为3 的条件下, 15%(w, 下同)Fe10%K/γ-Al2O3催化剂可稳定运行100h 以上, CO2转化率为51.3%, C2+烃类的选择性达62.6%. Fe 含量降至2.5%时, C2+烃类的选择性仍能达到60.0%. 随着K含量由0%增加至10%, 低碳烯烃选择性增加, 烯烷比增加至3.6. Cd和Cu助剂可促进Fe 物种的还原, 改善目的产物的分布, 其中Cu的加入使低碳产物烯烷比增至5.4, Cd的加入使C5+产物选择性增加了12%.  相似文献   

4.
采用多种物理化学手段研究了在模拟的轻型柴油车尾气中不同Co担载量及Cu掺杂的Co/ZSM-5催化剂的Co组分分散状态、可还原性、NO吸附脱附性质对C3H8选择性催化还原NOx性能的影响。结果表明,浸渍法制备的Co/ZSM-5催化剂上既有外表面上的Co3+和Co2+物种,也有孔内的Co2+离子。富氧条件下Co/ZSM-5催化剂上C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的活性主要与ZSM-5载体孔外表面分散的CoOx物种中的钴离子可还原能力和NO吸附脱附性能密切相关。Co/ZSM-5催化剂上适宜的Co担载量约为4.0wt%,低担载量时随Co担载量增加,表面CoOx物种中钴离子可还原能力增强,C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的低温转化活性增加;高担载量时,随Co担载量增加,单位Co离子的NO吸附量的减少以及催化剂表面活性中心数的减少,导致了Co/ZSM-5催化剂NOx的转化率和催化剂比速率(k)的下降。孔外表面Co3O4晶体的存在使催化剂表面产生较强的NO吸附,并在高温时有利于C3H8的氧化燃烧,使C3H8选择性催化还原NOx的活性降低。  相似文献   

5.
采用共沉淀-后浸渍方法制备了表面助剂改性的Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA)甲醇合成催化剂, 在固定床反应器上以合成气为原料分别考察了三种助剂(Zr、Ba和Mn)对CZA催化剂性能的影响; 以Zr为助剂时反应温度的影响; 并进行了催化稳定性试验. 利用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮气吸脱附(N2-sorption)、氧化亚氮(N2O)反应吸附技术、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氢气程序升温吸脱附(H2-TPD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果显示: 以Zr或Ba作为助剂能够明显提高CZA催化剂耐热前后的甲醇时空收率(STY); Mn的引入降低了CZA催化剂的耐热前活性; Zr的引入降低了CZA催化剂最高活性温度点, 增强了CZA催化剂的催化稳定性; 还原态CZA催化剂表面Cu0和ZnO都能吸附活化氢气, Cu0与ZnO的强相互作用有利于提高催化剂的性能, 耐热后催化剂性能的降低归因于Cu晶粒的长大. 在实验和表征结果基础上,提出了CZA催化剂上合成气制甲醇的“双向同步催化反应历程”.  相似文献   

6.
采用等体积浸渍法制备了负载型Ni/SiO2催化剂,研究了Ce、Zr、La、Co和Fe助剂对催化剂微观结构及其催化二硝基甲苯(DNT,C6H3CH3(NO22)加氢制备甲苯二胺(TDA,C6H3CH3(NH22)性能的影响。通过XRD,BET,H2-TPD、H2-TPR和XPS技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,助剂的引入促进了Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减小了Ni晶粒的尺寸,使得NiO晶粒更易还原。添加La、Fe和Zr助剂增加了有效的Ni活性中心数,有利于催化活性的提高,其中,添加La助剂制备的催化剂催化性能最优,DNT转化率和TDA选择性分别为98.1%和99.1%。但Co和Ce助剂的加入降低了化学氢吸附量,使得有效的Ni活性中心数降低,降低了催化剂的催化活性。  相似文献   

7.
采用一步法水热合成不同Cu/Al比的Cu-SAPO-34催化剂,并对其丙烯选择性催化还原NO(C3H6-SCR)性能进行了研究。通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(In situ DRIFTS)等研究手段对催化剂进行表征,考察Cu-SAPO-34中Cu物种含量对催化剂的物理化学性质和反应活性的影响。结果表明,当铜负载量为2.76%~4.12%(w/w)时,Cu-SAPO-34催化剂在富氧条件下300~400℃内表现出非常有吸引力的C3H6-SCR活性,可实现~100%的脱硝效率和~100%的N2选择性。原位红外光谱研究表明,Cu-SAPO-34分子筛骨架上孤立的Cu2+离子是NO吸附和活化形成NO2-/NO3-中间物种的主要活性位,并通过C3H6-SCR反应过程中Cu2+/Cu+氧化还原循环来实现Cu2+离子的持续供给。  相似文献   

8.
采用等体积浸渍法制备了含微量Li 的15CoxLi/AC 催化剂,考察了微量Li 助剂对15Co/AC催化剂上CO加氢合成高碳醇性能的影响. 采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原和程序升温表面反应技术对15CoxLi/AC 催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,微量Li 的添加可以提高催化剂上CO加氢活性、生成C5+烃的选择性、合成醇的选择性以及高碳醇的分布. 这主要是由于微量Li 助剂与Co物种形成了弱相互作用,促进了催化剂Co物种的分散,形成较小Co晶粒,促进了Co2C的形成.  相似文献   

9.
以ZrO(NO32·2H2O为前驱体对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)进行了改性并负载MnOx制备了MnOx/ZrO2/MWCNTs 催化剂. 考察了Zr 对催化剂低温选择性催化还原(SCR)反应活性的影响,并通过多种分析手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征. 结果表明Zr 的添加对催化剂的低温SCR活性具有显著的促进作用,当Zr 负载量为30%时,催化剂活性最佳. X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、透射电镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附的表征结果分析表明,适量的Zr 改性促进了MnOx在载体表面的分散,增强金属氧化物与MWCNTs 之间的作用,也能增加催化剂的比表面积、孔容和孔径. X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和NH3程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)的分析结果则显示,Zr 能提高催化剂表面化学吸附氧浓度,促进Mn3+转化为Mn4+,从而使催化剂表面的活性位点增多,氧化还原能力增强,同时还提高了催化剂表面酸性位点的数量和强度,促进了NH3的吸附,是MnOx/ZrO2/MWCNTs 催化剂低温SCR活性提高的主要原因.  相似文献   

10.
采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱技术及富集法考察了K-LaZrO2和K-CuLaZrO2催化剂结构、CO和H2在锆基催化剂上的吸附行为及异丁醇合成活性的影响. 结果表明, 催化剂添加Cu后, 与Zr形成较好的固溶体, 促进了CuO的分散, 且抑制了ZrO2结晶, 增强Cu-Zr相互作用, 提高了催化活性. CO-TPD结果显示, 引入Cu后, 催化剂表面CO吸附量明显增加, 有利于碳链增长; H2-TPD结果显示, 与活性相关的低温脱附氢量也明显增加. 另外, FTIR及富集法结果发现, Cu的引入促进了表面C1物种的形成, 增加了表面C1物种含量, 促进了碳链增长, 明显改善了异丁醇的选择性. 在p=10.0 MPa, 空速(GHSV)=3000 h-1, T=360℃, V(H2)/V(CO)=1:1条件下,异丁醇选择性达到48.5%.  相似文献   

11.
The effects of Manganese(Mn)incorporation on a precipitated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)catalyst were investigated using N_2 physical adsorption,air differential thermal analysis (DTA),H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),and M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy.The FTS perfor- mances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry phase reactor.The characterization results indicated that Mn increased the surface area of the catalyst,and improved the dispersion ofα-Fe_2O_3 and reduced its crystallite size as a result of the high dispersion effect of Mn and the Fe-Mn interaction.The Fe-Mn inter- action also suppressed the reduction ofα-Fe_2O_3 to Fe_3O_4,stabilized the FeO phase,and(or)decreased the carburization degree of the catalysts in the H_2 and syngas reduction processes.In addition,incorporated Mn decreased the initial catalyst activity,but improved the catalyst stability because Mn restrained the reoxidation of iron carbides to Fe_3O_4,and improved further carburization of the catalysts.Manganese suppressed the formation of CH_4 and increased the selectivity to light olefins(C_(2-4)~=),but it had little effect on the selectivities to heavy(C_(5 )) hydrocarbons.All these results indicated that the strong Fe-Mn interaction suppressed the chemisorptive effect of the Mn as an electronic promoter,to some extent,in the precipitated iron-manganese catalyst system.  相似文献   

12.
高芳芳  王洪  青明  杨勇  李永旺 《催化学报》2013,34(7):1312-1325
在Fe基模型催化剂上,通过先深度还原后控制碳化的方法实现了物相结构的调控.采用X射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱、程序升温脱附技术和激光拉曼光谱等方法表征了催化剂还原和反应前后的物化性质,并在固定床反应器中考察了不同条件活化后催化剂上费托反应性能.结果表明,H2还原后的催化剂主要由α-Fe相组成,且随着还原温度的提高,α-Fe相的致密程度增加,平均晶粒尺寸增加,稳定性提高;再采用乙烯对H2还原后催化剂进行碳化,可有效控制α-Fe的碳化速度,使碳化过程主要发生在Fe晶粒表层,同时改变了催化剂在反应过程中的物相变化,乃至其催化性能.与纯H2或合成气气氛活化的催化剂相比,采用先H2还原后乙烯碳化的预处理方法能够明显提高催化剂的活性和稳定性.  相似文献   

13.
Cobalt catalysts supported on a series of mesoporous SBA-15 materials isomorphically substituted with zirconium (Zr/Si atomic ratio = 1/20) with different pore sizes (5.7 nm, 7.8 nm, 11.6 nm, 17.6 nm) have been synthesized. The catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, 29Si solid state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2-temperature programmed reduction, H2-temperature programmed desorption and O2 titrations. The results indicated that larger pore size led to weaker interactions between cobalt and the supports which lowered the temperature of both reduction steps (Co3O4→CoO and CoO→Co0). The catalytic performances of the catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) were tested in a fixed bed reactor. It was found that the FTS catalytic activity and product selectivity depended strongly on the pore size of the catalysts. The catalyst with a pore size of 7.8 nm showed the best FTS activity, and the catalyst with a pore size of 17.6 nm showed the highest selectivity to C12–C20 and C20+ hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

14.
研究了Ru和Cu助剂对无K的费托(F-T)合成Fe基催化剂的织构性质、物相结构、还原和碳化行为的影响.在n(H2)/n(CO)=2.0,t=260℃,P=1.5MPa和GHSV=2000h-1的条件下,采用固定床反应器考察了Ru,Cu助剂对Fe基催化剂费托合成反应性能的影响.采用低温N2物理吸附、X射线衍射、穆斯堡尔谱...  相似文献   

15.
A systematic study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the manganese incorpo- ration manner on the textural properties,bulk and surface phase compositions,reduction/carburization behaviors,and surface basicity of an iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS)catalyst.The cata- lyst samples were characterized by N_2 physisorption,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),H_2(or CO)temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),CO_2 temperature-programmed desorption(TPD),and M(?)ssbauer spectroscopy.The FTS performance of the catalysts was studied in a slurry-phase continuously stirred tank reactor(CSTR).The characterization results indicated that the manganese promoter incor- porated by using the coprecipitation method could improve the dispersion of iron oxide,and decrease the size of the iron oxide crystallite.The manganese incorporated with the impregnation method is enriched on the catalyst's surface.The manganese promoter added with the impregnation method suppresses the reduction and carburization of the catalyst in H_2,CO,and syngas because of the excessive enrichment of manganese on the catalyst surface.The catalyst added manganese using the coprecipitation method has the highest CO conversion(51.9%)and the lowest selectivity for heavy hydrocarbons(C_(12 )).  相似文献   

16.
研究了Ni助剂对共沉淀型FeMnK/SiO2催化剂的结构性质和还原炭化行为的影响。结果表明,添加少量Ni助剂提高了催化剂的比表面积,降低了平均孔径,促进了催化剂中铁氧化物的分散。在H2-TPR中,Ni助剂降低了催化剂的还原温度;在CO-TPR中,Ni助剂使催化剂的还原和炭化峰前移,提高了氧的移除速率,增加了碳的引入量;在合成气等温还原中,Ni助剂提高了催化剂的活化速率,在相同的还原时间内可获得更高的F-T合成反应活性。  相似文献   

17.
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) over Cu catalysts exhibits enormous potential for efficiently converting CO2 to ethylene (C2H4). However, achieving high C2H4 selectivity remains a considerable challenge due to the propensity of Cu catalysts to undergo structural reconstruction during CO2RR. Herein, we report an in situ molecule modification strategy that involves tannic acid (TA) molecules adaptive regulating the reconstruction of a Cu-based material to a pathway that facilitates CO2 reduction to C2H4 products. An excellent Faraday efficiency (FE) of 63.6 % on C2H4 with a current density of 497.2 mA cm−2 in flow cell was achieved, about 6.5 times higher than the pristine Cu catalyst which mainly produce CH4. The in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and Raman studies reveal that the hydroxyl group in TA stabilizes Cuδ+ during the CO2RR. Furthermore, theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Cuδ+/Cu0 interfaces lower the activation energy barrier for *CO dimerization, and hydroxyl species stabilize the *COH intermediate via hydrogen bonding, thereby promoting C2H4 production. Such molecule engineering modulated electronic structure provides a promising strategy to achieve highly selective CO2 reduction to value-added chemicals.  相似文献   

18.
The effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA) modification on the physico-chemical properties and catalytic performance of silica nanosprings(NS) supported cobalt(Co) catalyst was investigated in the conversion of syngas(H~(2+) CO) to hydrocarbons by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS). The unmodified Co/NS and modified Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were synthesized via an impregnation method. The prepared Co/NS and Co/NS-EDTA catalysts were characterized before the FTS reaction by BET surface area,X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature programmed reduction(TPR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) in order to find correlations between physico-chemical properties of catalysts and catalytic performance. FTS was carried out in a quartz fixedbed microreactor(H_2/CO of 2 ∶1,230 ℃ and atmospheric pressure) and the products trapped and analyzed by GC-TCD and GC-MS to determine CO conversion and reaction selectivity. The experimental results indicated that the modified Co/NS-EDTA catalyst displayed a more-dispersed phase of Co_3O_4 nanoparticles(10.9%) and the Co_3O_4 average crystallite size was about 12.4 nm. The EDTA modified catalyst showed relatively higher CO conversion(70.3%) and selectivity toward C_(6-18)(JP-8,Jet A and diesel) than the Co/NS catalyst(C_(6-14))(JP-4).  相似文献   

19.
Fe modified and un-modified K/Mo2C were prepared and investigated as catalysts for CO hydrogenation reaction. Compared with K/Mo2C catalyst, the addition of Fe increased the production of alcohols, especially the C2+OH. Meanwhile, considerable amounts of C5+ hydrocar- bons and C2= -C4= were formed, whereas methane selectivity greatly decreased. Also, the activity and selectivity of the catalyst were readily affected by the reaction pressure and temperature employed. According to the XPS results, Mo4+ might be responsible for the production of alcohols, whereas the low valence state of Mo species such as Mo0 and/or Mo2+ might be account for the high activity and selectivity toward hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

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