松香产品中重质松节油成分的气相色谱/质谱法分析

利用水汽蒸馏提取法富集了松香产品中残留的重质松节油,经气相色谱／质谱联机分析,发现其主要由１９种单萜和倍半萜化合物组成,全部为香味物质（未知物除外）。为提高松香产品的品质和开发利用松香重质松节油提供了依据。     

从核磁共振氢谱推导的重质油氢碳原子摩尔比计算式

通过对炼油厂的催化油浆、重催油浆和催化重焦蜡油核磁共振氢谱中质子归属和重质油结构的假设，推导出计算这3种重质油的氢碳原子摩尔比计算式；结果表明，氢碳原子摩尔比的计算值与实测值非常接近，平均误差仅为3．1％。     

兖州煤与大庆减压渣油在共处理过程中的相互作用Ⅱ.甲苯可溶重质产物族组成和分子量的变化规律

通过对兖州煤与大庆减压渣油共处理重质产物的组成、分子量及分子量分布的考察,研究了甲苯可溶重质产物组成性质随反应条件的变化规律.结果表明,在较低反应温度(375～425℃)下,共处理减缓了重质产物中饱和份的转化,同时使树脂和沥青质含量降低;在较高反应温度(450℃)下,由于煤与渣油的裂解程度增加,共处理与单独处理重质产物中饱和份含量均降为0,共处理重质产物的树脂+沥青质含量显著增加.共处理使重质产物的分子量增大,且随着反应温度的升高,重质产物的分子量逐渐减小,同时分子量分布逐渐变窄.     

兖州煤与大庆减压渣油在共处理过程中的相互作用：Ⅱ.甲苯可溶重质产物族组

通过对兖州煤与大庆减压渣油共处理重质产物的组成,分子量及分子量分布的考察,研究了甲苯可溶重质产物组成性质随反应条件的变化规律。结果表明,在较低反应温度（３７５－４２５℃）下,共处理减缓了重质产物中饱和份的转化,同时使树脂和沥青质含量降低;在较高反应温（４５０℃）下,由于煤与渣油的裂解程度增加,共处理与单独处理重质产物中饱和份含量均降为０,共处理重质产物的树脂＋沥青质含量显著增加,共处理使重质产物的分子量增大,且随着反应温度的升高,重质产物的分子量逐渐减小,同时分子量分布逐渐变窄 。     

助剂α-Sb2O4对杂多化合物催化剂选择氧化异丁烷的影响

采用组合法制备了具有Keggin结构的杂多化合物催化剂，采用FTIR、UV-VIS-DR、H2-TPR、BET、TG-DTA和SEM对合成的催化剂的结构和性质进行了研究．探讨了催化剂中助剂α-Sb2O4含量对异丁烷选择性催化氧化的影响．并考察了反应温度对催化剂的催化性能影响．实验表明，助剂含量为8．3％，在C4H10／O2／N2／H2O=1／2．6／6／1，GHSV为910h^-1，温度为380℃的条件下，甲基丙烯酸的收率可达10．4％，选择性为44．3％．     

测定尿中痕量碘的高锰酸钾-亚砷酸体系催化光度法

在硫酸和磷酸的介质中,碘离子催化高猛酸钾与亚砷酸反应生成的锰（Ⅲ）氧化砷酸的反应,据此建立了催化光度法测定痕量碘的新方法。该法的检出限为0．4μg/L,测定的线性范围为1．0－25．0μg/L。应用该法测定了尿样中痕量碘的含量,获得了满意的结果,测定样品的相对标准偏差（n＝6）为2．5％－3．7％,加标回收率为96．4％－102．6％。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定废水中的痕量对苯二胺

在硫酸介质中，对苯二胺能灵敏地阻抑Cu（Ⅱ）催化高碘酸钾氧化孔雀绿的褪色反应。研究了该阻抑褪色反应的最佳条件，并据此建立了测定痕量对苯二胺的阻抑催化动力学光度分析方法，对苯二胺的线性范围为0．6～4．0mg／L，检出限为0．33mg／L。将该方法应用于模拟废水中对苯二胺含量的测定，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．1％～2，3％，对苯二胺的加标回收率为99％-103％。     

Co/SiO2催化剂合成重质烃的反应性能

 对近期筛选出的一种重质烃合成反应性能良好的Co／SiO2催化剂进行了500h的寿命试验,考察了在不同反应温度、压力和空速条件下催化剂的反应性能．结果表明,随着反应的进行,催化剂合成重质烃的选择性基本保持不变,但催化剂的活性缓慢下降;经原位再生后,催化剂活性可基本恢复到原来的水平．烃产物主要由烷烃组成,C5＋中烯烃仅占2．25％,产物主要集中在C12～C20馏分段,水相产物中含3．56％～6．56％的有机含氧化合物,其中主要是低碳醇．     

人发中微量硒的催化光度法测定

采用催化光度测定了人发中微量硒的含量，平均回收率９８．７％，变异系数１．２７％。     

不同产地黄芪中微量硒的分析比较

采用催化光度法测定了不同产地黄芪中微量硒的含量。平均回收率９６．８％，变异系数２．３４％。     

松节油催化水化混合物的气相色谱分析

 In industry,terpineol is obtained from catalytic hydration of turpentine oil. The products in this reactionare very complicated so that it is difficult to monitor the reaction process. By using GC with PEG-20M col-umn under temperature programnung condition,the author analysed the hydrated mixtures of turpentine oil. The separation of isomers of turpentine oil or terpineol and the precision of quantitative analysis are good.     

Relation between 67Ga uptake and the stage of inflammation induced by turpentine oil in rats

For the establishment of the experimental system to judge easily the effect of anti-inflammatory drug, 67Ga-citrate was used. The weight of granuloma tissues induced by inflammable agent, turpentine oil, gradually increased and reached a maximum at 6 days after the administration of turpentine oil. Gallium-67 accumulation in the inflammatory lesions showed also a maximum at 6 days after that. Both patterns were closely similar each other. These results showed that the processes and/or stages of inflammation could be indicated by the pattern of 67Ga uptake.     

Improvement in bioavailability of transdermally applied flurbiprofen using tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) and turpentine oil

Penetration enhancing potential of tulsi and turpentine oil on transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, was investigated. The transdermal permeation rate of flurbiprofen across the rat abdominal skin from binary solvent mixture composition of propylene glycol (PG):isopropyl alcohol (IPA) (30:70%, v/v) was 98.88 microg/cm(2)/h, significantly higher than other binary solvent mixtures. The corresponding steady state plasma concentration, 0.71 microg/ml, was much lower than required steady state plasma concentration of 3-5 microg/ml. Hence influence of tulsi and turpentine oil in the optimized binary solvent mixture along with the increased drug load on the flurbiprofen permeation was evaluated. The magnitude of the flux enhancement factor with turpentine oil and tulsi oil was 2.4 and 2.0 respectively at 5% (v/v) concentration beyond which there was no significant increase in the flux. Addition of 2% (w/v) hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), as a thickening agent, resulted in desired consistency for the fabrication of patch with insignificant effect on permeation rate of flurbiprofen. The reservoir type of transdermal patch formulation, fabricated by encapsulating the flurbiprofen reservoir solution within a shallow compartment moulded from polyester backing film and microporous ethyl vinyl acetate membrane, did not modulate the skin permeation of flurbiprofen through rat skin in case of turpentine formulations whereas flux of formulations with tulsi oil was significantly altered. The influence of penetration enhancer and solvents on the anatomical structure of the rat skin was studied. Enhancement properties exhibited by turpentine oil and tulsi oil in optimized binary solvent mixture were superior as compared to solvent treated and normal control groups with negligible skin irritation. The fabricated transdermal patches were found to be stable. The bioavailability of flurbiprofen with reference to orally administered flurbiprofen in albino rats was found to increase by 2.97, 3.80 and 5.56 times with transdermal patch formulation without enhancer, tulsi and turpentine oil formulations, respectively. The results were confirmed by pharmacodynamic studies in rat edema inflammation model.     

Turpentine Oil Hydration Using Dealuminated Faujasite as Catalyst

The catalytic potential of dealuminated faujasite in the hydration of turpentine oil was investigated. The main product was the monocyclic alcohol -terpineol (44%) being the non-alcoholic isomerization co-product only 24 %.     

苯丙烯酸对松节油转化水合萜二醇的作用研究

本文对苯丙烯酸在松节油转化成水合萜二醇反应中的作用进行了对比研究。结果表明，在传统的２７％Ｈ２ＳＯ４催化，平平加，ＯＰ－１０，吐温－８０及吐温－８０￣吐温－２０混合剂分别作乳化剂的松节油水合反应中，加入苯丙烯酸可使水合萜二醇的收率提高８￣１０％，反应时间缩短４－７小时，本文还对产物及副产物作了质谱分析。     

Physikalische Charakteristika der Hauptkomponenten von bulgarischen ätherischen Ölen

The surface tension, the dynamic viscosity, and the density of -pinene, ³-carene, cineole, menthol, and caryophyllene which are the main components of peppermint oil and sulfate turpentine oil, were determined in dependence on the temperature. Suitable relations were deduced.     

Characterization of a heavy oil–propane system in the presence or absence of asphaltene precipitation

When a light hydrocarbon solvent is injected into a heavy oil reservoir under a sufficiently high reservoir pressure, asphaltene precipitation occurs so that the heavy oil is in situ deasphalted during a hydrocarbon solvent-based heavy oil recovery process. The physicochemical properties of this in situ deasphalted heavy oil are rather different from those of the original crude oil in the heavy oil reservoir. In this paper, a heavy oil sample is saturated with a typical light hydrocarbon solvent (i.e., propane) under different saturation pressures in a see-through windowed high-pressure saturation cell. The heavy oil–propane system is characterized by measuring and comparing several important physicochemical properties of the propane-saturated heavy oil samples under different saturation pressures and the flashed-off heavy oil samples, such as the solubility, oil-swelling factor, density, viscosity, asphaltene content, hydrogen and carbon aromaticities. When the heavy oil is saturated with propane at P ≤ 780 kPa and T = 20.8 °C, there is no observable asphaltene precipitation and deposition under a microscope camera. The respective properties of the propane-saturated heavy oil samples taken from the upper and lower parts of the saturation cell are measured and found to be essentially the same within the experimental errors so that the entire system is considered to be almost homogeneous. If the saturation pressure is increased to P = 850 kPa, strong asphaltene precipitation occurs and some large asphaltene particles are deposited onto the bottom of the saturation cell. In this case, the heavy oil is deasphalted and the flashed-off heavy oil has lower density, viscosity, asphaltene content, hydrogen and carbon aromaticities than those of the original heavy crude oil.     

基于油藏实际的稠油层内水热催化裂解机理研究

开展了稠油层内水热催化裂解技术在胜利油田的先导实验,五口井平均周期单井增油653 t,稠油初期降黏率达79.8%,措施14周后降黏率仍大于62%。利用Brookfield DV-Ⅲ黏度计、ElementarVario EL III元素分析仪、Knauer K-700蒸气压渗透仪、Agilent 6890N气相色谱仪和EQUINOX 55傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等,对措施前后稠油的物化性质进行分析。结果表明,层内水热催化裂解后稠油黏度及平均分子量减小、轻烃含量增加、重质组分含量减少、氢碳原子比增加、杂原子含量减小。稠油层内裂解反应受催化剂体系、高温水及储层矿物因素控制,催化剂是促进稠油裂解的主要因素,供氢剂及分散剂等助剂有助于提高裂解效果,高温水的酸碱性质及储层矿物对稠油具有催化裂解作用。多因素协同作用下使稠油发生脱侧链、分子链异构、断链、加氢、开环、成环、脱硫等系列反应,使得稠油大分子分解成小分子物质,降低了稠油黏度,改善了稠油品质,证实该技术在现场应用中具有可行性。     

超稠油供氢水热裂解改质降黏研究

通过超稠油水热裂解反应前后黏度、沥青质、硫质量分数等性质的变化，研究了超稠油进行水热裂解的主要影响因素及规律。结果表明，超稠油中含有一定量的硫是地层注蒸汽温度下进行水热裂解反应的前提。温度和时间对反应有很大影响。供氢剂中四氢萘对超稠油水热裂解影响最大。四氢萘供氢剂与硫酸镍催化剂复配使用对超稠油水热裂解有协同效应。水热裂解物理模拟实验表明,胜利单家寺油田超稠油通过供氢催化水热裂解降黏率可达70%以上。胶质、沥青质、硫质量分数降低，H/C原子比提高，超稠油得到一定程度的改善。