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1.
2-脲基-4(1H)-嘧啶酮(UPy)结构上的6位取代基会影响UPy的离域π电子云的密度,6位取代基的给电子诱导效应越强,π电子云的密度越大,四重氢键的作用越强。脲基嘧啶酮结构即UPy结构的二聚体的势能最低,表明该结构在体系内最为稳定。随着嘧啶环上的电子云密度增加,离域π键间的电子斥力增强,(001)晶面间距逐渐增大。异氰酸酯结构的空间位阻增大会阻碍UPy中氢原子与相邻嘧啶酮之间的接触,使得氢键作用强度减弱;同时,较大的空间位阻会阻碍嘧啶环间的π-π相互作用,使得(001)晶面间距增大。  相似文献   

2.
邻二氮杂苯-水复合物的氢键结构与性质   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11  
用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和MP2方法对邻二氮杂苯-水复合物基态的氢键结构与相互作用能进行了理论计算,结果表明复合物之间存在较强的氢键N…H-O.在复合物中,水的H-O对称伸缩振动频率明显红移.同时,使用含时密度泛函理论方法计算了邻二氮杂苯单体及复合物的低占据1(n,π*) 和1(π,π*) 态的垂直激发能,计算结果与实验值吻合较好.  相似文献   

3.
阚磊  马宁  魏浩 《化学通报》2019,82(4):359-364,349
UPy结构上的6位取代基会影响UPy结构上的离域π电子云的密度,6位取代基的给电子诱导效应越强,π电子云的密度越大,四重氢键的作用越强。脲基嘧啶酮结构即UPy结构的二聚体存在着最低的势能,表明该结构在体系内最为稳定。随着嘧啶环上的电子云密度增加,离域π键间的电子斥力增强,(001)晶面间距d逐渐增大。异氰酸酯结构的空间位阻的增大会阻碍UPy中的氢原子与相邻的嘧啶酮之间的接触,使得氢键作用强度减弱,同时较大的空间位阻会阻碍嘧啶环间的π–π相互作用,使得(001)晶面间距增大。  相似文献   

4.
《化学学报》2009,67(7):599-606
利用理论方法研究了乙醛二聚体内的氢键. 在MP2/6-31+G(d), B3LYP/6-31+G(d), B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2p)水平上, 利用常规方法和均衡校正方法对3种稳定的乙醛二聚体进行了几何优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明: 在二聚体A和C中乙醛中C—H键强烈收缩, 存在显著的C—H…O蓝移型氢键. 自然键轨道(NBO)分析表明, 电子供体轨道和电子受体轨道之间相互作用的稳定化能、分子内电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和结构重组是决定氢键红移和蓝移的主要因素. 其中, 轨道间稳定化能属于键伸长效应, 分子内电子密度重排、轨道再杂化和电子受体内部结构重组属于键收缩效应. 在二聚体A和C中, 由于键收缩效应处于优势地位导致C—H…O蓝移氢键存在.  相似文献   

5.
运用密度泛函理论, 在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上, 对蒽醌及其羟基取代衍生物进行理论计算. 几何全优化的结果表明, 标题化合物均取平面构型, 分子内氢键对几何构型和电子结构影响很大. 基于简谐振动分析求得IR谱频率和强度, 并作了对称性分类和指认, 计算值与实验值良好相符. 运用含时密度泛函理论方法在相同水平上计算了标题物的电子吸收光谱, 发现蒽醌芳环取代衍生物的最低激发单重态均源自HOMO-LUMO(π→π*)跃迁. 基于振动分析, 由统计热力学求得了标题物的热力学性质.  相似文献   

6.
非甾体类抗炎药物醋氯芬酸(ACF)的水溶性差,导致其生物利用度较低.本文制备了三种多聚物,分别是醋氯芬酸与4,4’-联吡啶(BIPY)共晶(1),与3-氨基苯甲酸(3-ABA)盐(2)和与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)的溶剂化物(3),利用红外光谱、粉末X射线衍射和单晶X射线衍射对它们的结构进行了表征.结果表明,化合物1-3的超分子结构是通过氢键、C―H…π和π…π堆积作用构筑而成,三个多聚物具有良好的热稳定性.从热力学角度分析和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算说明ACF在化合物3中的构象比其在化合物1和2中更稳定.此外,ACF形成共晶、盐和溶剂化物后有效提高了其溶解度.  相似文献   

7.
为了探讨D-D-π-A型染料中双给体对敏化剂性能的影响,本文结合密度泛函理论(DFT)及含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)对染料1~4的几何结构、电子结构、吸收光谱、电化学性质、电子复合程度以及半导体导带边缘的移动等进行了对比研究.结果表明,相比于经典的D-π-A型染料分子1,在分子2~4(D-D-π-A型双给体染料)中额外引入给体,尽管对导带能级移动的改变不是很显著,但是可以改变体系的共轭程度,增加染料的光吸收强度.重要的是,额外给体的引入可以显著增加染料阳离子空穴-半导体之间的距离,从而减缓注入电子与染料阳离子的复合;在额外给体中引入杂原子可以使I2聚集在染料外侧,从而降低电解质在半导体表面的局域浓度,进而减缓注入电子与电解质之间的复合速率.因此,通过在经典的D-π-A型染料上引入额外的电子给体构筑D-D-π-A型染料可以有效调节染料的光吸收、电化学及电子复合等方面的性质,是设计合成高性能染料的可行策略.  相似文献   

8.
采用含时密度泛函理论方法研究了手性钴卟啉识别手性生物小分子, 解释了分子结构与光学活性的关系. 通过基组叠加误差(BSSE)校正, Co(III)-卟啉衍生物与(S)-脯氨醇和(S)-2-丁氨之间的作用能分别为310.5和241.6 kJ/mol. 这种较强的分子识别作用起源于主体与客体之间的配位和氢键作用. 具有较大负比旋度的金属卟啉分子对具有较小的正比旋度的生物分子的分子识别作用, 极大地抵消了金属卟啉分子的负比旋度数值. 电子吸收光谱和电子圆二色谱表明, 最低能带起源于主体卟啉环-客体小分子的HOMO-LUMO电荷转移跃迁, 具有负或正的康登效应. 较高能带由配体内部的π→π*电子跃迁所致, 具有一个负的和一个正的康登效应. 最高能带由取代基到卟啉环的p→π*电子跃迁所致, 具有两个负的康登效应.  相似文献   

9.
许瑶  宋雪旦  郝策 《分子科学学报》2020,(1):16-22,I0002
基于密度泛函理论(DFT)和含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT),探究了发光共价有机骨架LCOF-NDT1与甲醛之间的分叉氢键作用.发现LCOF-NDT1与甲醛氢键作用后发光机理发生改变.氢键复合物的电子激发能减小,激发态下的氢键键长变短,氢键质子供体的~1H-NMR移向高场,氢键质子供体和受体的振动频率发生红移,均表明电子激发态下的氢键增强.氢键复合物的荧光速率系数减小,内转换速率系数增大,阐明电子激发态下氢键的增强有利于非辐射跃迁,不利于辐射跃迁,从而导致LCOF-NDT1荧光减弱或猝灭.计算结果表明LCOF-NDT1在荧光识别甲醛方面有潜在的应用前景.  相似文献   

10.
采用量子化学的密度泛函B3LYP和二阶微扰MP2(full)方法对C4H4Y(Y=O,S,Se)与BX3(X=H,F,Cl)形成的电子授受型复合物进行了研究,所得18个复合物的构型包括BX3位于C=C双键上方的π-p作用型和B与O,S,Se直接作用的n-p作用型.体系C4H4Y-BH3以n-p作用型较为稳定,体系C4H4Y-BF3,C4H4Y-BCl3的π-p和n-p作用型复合物稳定性相当.对各复合物的几何构型、振动频率和自然键轨道分析表明,复合物的形成过程中均存在几何构型的改变、电荷的转移和振动频率的变化,它们的变化规律与复合物稳定性的变化规律基本一致,即按H,F,Cl的顺序依次降低.  相似文献   

11.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are model systems for studying the mechanisms of lithium storage in carbonaceous materials. In this work, Li complexes of naphthalene, pyrene, perylene, and coronene were synthesized in a supersonic metal-cluster beam source and studied by zero-electron-kinetic-energy (ZEKE) electron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The adiabatic ionization energies of the neutral complexes and frequencies of up to nine vibrational modes in the singly charged cations were determined from the ZEKE spectra. The metal-ligand bond energies of the neutral complexes were obtained from a thermodynamic cycle. Preferred Li∕Li(+) binding sites with the aromatic molecules were determined by comparing the measured spectra with theoretical calculations. Li and Li(+) prefer the ring-over binding to the benzene ring with a higher π-electron content and aromaticity. Although the ionization energies of the Li complexes show no clear correlation with the size of the aromatic molecules, the metal-ligand bond energies increase with the extension of the π-electron network up to perylene, then decrease from perylene to coronene. The trends in the ionization and metal-ligand bond dissociation energies of the complexes are discussed in terms of the orbital energies, local quadrupole moments, and polarizabilities of the free ligands and the charge transfer between the metal atom and aromatic molecules.  相似文献   

12.
In this work, mono- and di-hydrated complexes of the formamide were studied. The calculations were performed at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of approximation. The atoms in molecules theory (AIM), based on the topological properties of the electronic density distribution, was used to characterize the different types of bonds. The analysis of the hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) in the most stable mono- and di-hydrated formamide complexes shows a mutual reinforcement of the interactions, and some of these complexes can be considered as "bifunctional hydrogen bonding hydration complexes". In addition, we analyzed how the strength and the nature of the interactions, in mono-hydrated complexes, are modified by the presence of a second water molecule in di-hydrated formamide complexes. Structural changes, cooperativity, and electron density redistributions demonstrate that the H-bonds are stronger in the di-hydrated complexes than in the corresponding mono-hydrated complexes, wherein the σ- and π-electron delocalization were found. To explain the nature of such interactions, we carried out the atoms in molecules theory in conjunction with reduced variational space self-consistent field (RVS) decomposition analysis. On the basis of the local Virial theorem, the characteristics of the local electron energy density components at the bond critical points (BCPs) (the 1/4? (2)ρ(b) component of electron energy density and the kinetic energy density) were analyzed. These parameters were used in conjunction with the electron density and the Laplacian of the electron density to analyze the characteristics of the interactions. The analysis of the interaction energy components for the systems considered indicates that the strengthening of the hydrogen bonds is manifested by an increased contribution of the electrostatic energy component represented by the kinetic energy density at the BCP.  相似文献   

13.
14.
A large bathochromic shift is reported for the charge-transfer (CT) transition in complexes of π-electron donors with electron acceptors containing CO groups in strongly H-bonding solvents such as trifluoroacetic acid and hexafluoroisopropanol. The results of 13C-NMR measurements and SCF-LCAOMO calculations indicate that this effect can be attributed to an increased electronegativity of the acceptor upon hydrogen bond formation with the solvent.  相似文献   

15.
Structural Chemistry - In the present study, solvent effects on the molecular stability, intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB), and π-electron delocalization (π-ED) in some of the simple...  相似文献   

16.
We have analyzed the molar volumes and structures in solutions of a series of azines, azoles, conformationally nonrigid bis(2-substituted benzimidazol-1-yl)methanes, and chromium tricarbonyl complexes of arenes. For most of the compounds, the rules of molar volume additivity with respect to the bonds and groups increments hold. Molecules of bis(2-substituted benzimidazol-1-yl)methanes exist in the form of conrotatory comformers with aryl fragments being out of the plane of bridging NCN bond angle. Strong linear correlations between the molar volume and molar refraction have been revealed within the studied compounds classes. In the case of chromium tricarbonyl complexes of arenes, the coordination bond polarity has increased with growing π-donor ability of the ligand, the molar volume increment of Cr(CO)3 has increased as well, due to transfer of π-electron density from the ligand. The simplification of dipole moment and Kerr constant determination has been demonstrated.  相似文献   

17.
在CH3SLi+CH3SH势能面上求得锂键和氢键共存型复合物的两种稳定构型. 频率分析表明, 与单体相比复合物中S(5)—Li(6)键伸缩振动频率发生红移, 而C(8)—H(10)键伸缩振动频率发生蓝移. 经B3LYP/6-311++G**, MP2/6-311++G**及MP2/AUG-CC-PVDZ水平计算的含基组重叠误差(BSSE)校正的复合物?中相互作用能分别为-58.99, -57.87和-62.89 kJ•mol-1. 采用自然键轨道(NBO)理论, 分析了复合物中单体轨道间的电荷转移, 电子密度重排及其与相关键键长变化的本质等. 采用分子中的原子(AIM)理论分析了复合物中氢键和锂键的电子密度拓扑性质.在极化连续模型(PCM)下, 考察了溶剂化效应. 结果表明, 所考察的水、二甲亚砜、乙醇和乙醚等四种溶剂均使单体间的相互作用能增大, 且溶剂对复合物中的锂键结构及其振动频率具有显著的影响, 而对复合物中的氢键的振动频率影响不大.  相似文献   

18.
In view of different patterns of π-electron density currents in benzenoid aromatic compounds it is of interest to investigate the pattern of ring currents in various classes of compounds. Recently such a study using a graph theoretical approach to calculating CC bond currents was reported for fully benzenoid hydrocarbons, that is, benzenoid hydrocarbons which have either π-sextets rings or “empty” rings in the terminology of Clar. In this contribution we consider π-electron currents in benzenoid hydrocarbons which have π-electron sextets and C=C bonds fully fixed. Our approach assumes that currents arise from contributions of individual conjugated circuits within the set of Kekulé valence structures of these molecules.  相似文献   

19.
Enhancing the efficiency of the synthesis of complex organic products constitutes one of the most exciting challenges to the synthetic chemist. Increasing the catalogue of reactions that are simple additions or that minimize waste production is the necessary first step. Transition metal complexes, which can be tunable both electronically and sterically by varying the metal and/or ligands, are a focal point for such invention. Except for catalytic hydrogenation, such methods have been rare in complex synthesis and virtually unknown for C? C bond formation until the advent of cross-coupling reactions. These complexes may orchestrate a variety of C? C bond-forming processes, important for creation of the basic skeleton of the organic structure. Their ability to insert into C? H bonds primes a number of different types of additions to relatively nonpolar π-electron systems. Besides imparting selectivity, they make feasible reactions that uncatalyzed were previously unknown. The ability of these complexes to preorganize π-electron systems serves as the basis both of simple additions usually accompanied by subsequent hydrogen shifts and of cycloadditions. The ability to generate “reactive” intermediates under mild conditions also provides prospects for new types of C? C bond-forming reactions. While the examples reveal a diverse array of successes, the opportunities for new invention are vast and largely untapped.  相似文献   

20.
In the recent few years, transition metal complexeswith radical ligands have received much attentionaiming at a so-called metal-radical approach for novelmolecular magnet design[1]. One of the more popularfamilies is concerned in nitronyl nitroxide radica…  相似文献   

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