基于金属复分解闭环反应合成新型杯[4]冠醚衍生物

杯[4]芳烃的上端和下端通过金属复分解闭环反应以较高产率合成一系列新型杯[4]冠醚衍生物(8a-c),目标产物结构经元素分析、IR、MS、1H NMR及13C NMR证实。     

过渡金属催化的炔烃复分解反应

综述了过渡金属均相催化的炔烃复分解反应进展,主要分为两部分：一是炔烃复分解反应在炔烃合成中的应用,即从六、七十年代Mortreux催化剂的发现能均相催化炔烃的歧化反应,经过一系列的条件改造,合成了炔醚和二芳基乙炔等化合物,并提出了可能的两种机理：金属卡宾和金属卡拜机理;金属钼和钨的卡拜络合物相继合成,发现此类络合物能够催化官能化的二炔的复分解反应,合成一系列的大环化合物。二是炔烃复分解反应在合成高聚物中的应用,即钙和钨的卡拜络合物被用来催化ROMP和ADIMET反应合成高聚物,改良了的Mortreux催化剂也能催化高聚物的生成,这些高聚物在发光器件、有机\"塑料\"激光、液晶显示器上都有应用。     

过渡金属催化C—CN键偶联反应的研究进展

过渡金属催化的氰化反应是合成有机氰化物非常重要的手段之一.综述了近年来过渡金属催化C—CN键偶联反应的研究进展,主要包括芳基、烯基卤化物及拟卤化物,芳基硼酸,烯烃,炔烃,芳烃等的氰化反应及其机理的探讨.     

过渡金属催化C-H键活化的硅氢化反应

过渡金属催化C-H键活化的硅氢化反应在材料科学和合成化学领域里具有重要意义。有机硅化合物在纺织、橡胶、机械、日化等材料领域有广泛应用,此外,它还是重要的有机合成中间体,作为亲核试剂应用到Hiyama偶联反应,反应具有经济、高效、环境友好等特点。近些年来,很多课题组在该领域进行研究,并取得了一定的成果_^[1]。我们将从过渡金属催化芳基/烷基C-H键活化的硅氢化反应出发,介绍近些年在此领域的研究进展。     

金属氮宾与亚胺的复分解反应

综述了近几年来金属氮宾与亚胺的复分解反应,主要集中在锆、钼 钛等过渡金属上。     

钌催化烯烃复分解反应的研究进展

综述了近年来在钌催化的烯烃复分解反应领域中的研究进展.着重介绍了该反应的各种基本类型的现状、应用和亟待解决的问题,并介绍了反应的机理以及催化剂的改进.     

有机合成中的C=C键形成新方法: 原子经济的金属复 分解闭环反应

综述了金属复分解闭环反应最新进展。金属复分解闭环反应已成为有机合成中的非常重要的方法,广泛应用于碳环、杂环化合物及天然产物的合成。原子经济的、绿色化学的优点展示出更加诱人的前景。     

关环复分解反应(RCM)及其催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来关环复分解 (RCM )反应及其催化剂的研究进展 ,对RCM反应发展以来被广泛应用的催化剂 ,如Schrock催化剂和Grubbs催化剂等进行了归纳和总结 ,讨论了RCM反应在全合成中的应用     

过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应及其在液晶合成中的应用

过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应及其在液晶合成中的应用杜卫红安忠维徐茂梁（西安近代化学研究所西安７１００６１）关键词过渡金属催化交叉偶联反应合成液晶液晶是一类具有特殊物理性能的有机化合物,其分子结构要求长径比大于４,官能团包括芳（杂）环、脂环、烷基、双键、叁...     

过渡金属催化炔烃环化反应的研究进展

具有独特反应性和稳定性的炔烃类化合物一直以来是科研工作者们关注的热点之一,其中关于炔烃环化构筑一系列多环化合物的反应报道尤为突出。本文根据不同金属催化剂,总结归纳了近几年铑、钌、钴、钯等过渡金属催化炔烃环化反应的研究进展,并简要讨论了催化转化的反应机理、优势以及局限性,最后展望了过渡金属催化炔烃环化反应的发展前景。     

Absence of the Thorpe-Ingold Effect by gem-Diphenyl Groups in Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis

In tandem ring-closing metathesis of alkynyl silaketals containing two different tethered olefins, the gem-dimethyl group showed the expected Thorpe-Ingold effect, thereby giving good level of group selectivity. Unexpectedly, however, the corresponding gem-diphenyl group did not show any Thorpe-Ingold effect for the ring-closure reaction.     

Chelating Ruthenium Phenolate Complexes: Synthesis,General Catalytic Activity,and Applications in Olefin Metathesis Polymerization

Cyclic Ru‐phenolates were synthesized, and these compounds were used as olefin metathesis catalysts. Investigation of their catalytic activity pointed out that, after activation with chemical agents, these catalysts promote ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), enyne and cross‐metathesis (CM) reactions, including butenolysis, with good results. Importantly, these latent catalysts are soluble in neat dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and show good applicability in ring‐opening metathesis polymeriyation (ROMP) of this monomer.     

Convenient synthesis of [3]catenane by olefin metathesis dimerizations

[3]Catenane 5a and 5b were synthesized conveniently by olefin metathesis dimerization of pseudorotaxanes 3a and 3b. The yields of 5a and 5b were influenced by concentrations of 3a and 3b, and a ring size of a center wheel of [3]catenane.     

Redox‐Switchable Ring‐Closing Metathesis: Catalyst Design,Synthesis, and Study

High yielding syntheses of 1‐(ferrocenylmethyl)‐3‐mesitylimidazolium iodide ( 1 ) and 1‐(ferrocenylmethyl)‐3‐mesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene ( 2 ) were developed. Complexation of 2 to [{Ir(cod)Cl}₂] (cod=cis,cis‐1,5‐cyclooctadiene) or [Ru(PCy₃)Cl₂(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC₆H₄)] (Cy=cyclohexyl) afforded 3 ([Ir( 2 )(cod)Cl]) and 5 ([Ru( 2 )Cl₂(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC₆H₄)]), respectively. Complex 4 ([Ir( 2 )(CO)₂Cl]) was obtained by bubbling carbon monoxide through a solution of 3 in CH₂Cl₂. Spectroelectrochemical IR analysis of 4 revealed that the oxidation of the ferrocene moiety in 2 significantly reduced the electron‐donating ability of the N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand (ΔTEP=9 cm^?1; TEP=Tolman electronic parameter). The oxidation of 5 with [Fe(η⁵‐C₅H₄COMe)Cp][BF₄] as well as the subsequent reduction of the corresponding product [ 5 ][BF₄] with decamethylferrocene (Fc*) each proceeded in greater than 95 % yield. Mössbauer, UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy analysis confirmed that [ 5 ][BF₄] contained a ferrocenium species, indicating that the iron center was selectively oxidized over the ruthenium center. Complexes 5 and [ 5 ][BF₄] were found to catalyze the ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate with observed pseudo‐first‐order rate constants (k_obs) of 3.1×10^?4 and 1.2×10^?5 s^?1, respectively. By adding suitable oxidants or reductants over the course of a RCM reaction, complex 5 was switched between different states of catalytic activity. A second‐generation N‐heterocyclic carbene that featured a 1′,2′,3′,4′,5′‐ pentamethylferrocenyl moiety ( 10 ) was also prepared and metal complexes containing this ligand were found to undergo iron‐centered oxidations at lower potentials than analogous complexes supported by 2 (0.30–0.36 V vs. 0.56–0.62 V, respectively). Redox switching experiments using [Ru( 10 )Cl₂(?CH‐o‐O‐iPrC₆H₄)] revealed that greater than 94 % of the initial catalytic activity was restored after an oxidation–reduction cycle.     

Tandem Catalysis Utilizing Olefin Metathesis Reactions

Since olefin metathesis transformation has become a favored synthetic tool in organic synthesis, more and more distinct non‐metathetical reactions of alkylidene ruthenium complexes have been developed. Depending on the conditions applied, the same olefin metathesis catalysts can efficiently promote isomerization reactions, hydrogenation of C=C double bonds, oxidation reactions, and many others. Importantly, these transformations can be carried out in tandem with olefin metathesis reactions. Through addition of one portion of a catalyst, a tandem process provides structurally advanced products from relatively simple substrates without the need for isolation of the intermediates. These aspects not only make tandem catalysis very attractive from a practical point of view, but also open new avenues in (retro)synthetic planning. However, in the literature, the term “tandem process” is sometimes used improperly to describe other types of multi‐reaction sequences. In this Concept, a number of examples of tandem catalysis involving olefin metathesis are discussed with an emphasis on their synthetic value.