Structure formation of sulfonated polyphenylquinoxalines in solution and in the solid state

Sulfonated polyphenylquinoxalines with different content of sulfo groups have been synthesized by polymer analogous reactions under different conditions. The rheological properties of these polymers in Nmethylpyrrolidone have been studied. The mechanical properties of films based on sulfonated polyphenylquinoxalines under uniaxial tension have been measured. The structures of the polymers have been examined by AFM.     

Development and in situ synthesis of monolithic stationary phases for electrochromatographic separations

Organic monolithic stationary phases have been synthesized in UV-transparent fused-silica capillaries, which have been used as test format of microfabricated device channels. The columns have been prepared by in situ polymerization of butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, 1,3-butanediol diacrylate, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in a ternary porogenic solvent. The resulting stationary phases have been tested in capillary electrochromatography and exhibited reversed-phase chromatography behavior toward neutral solutes. Van Deemter plots of phenylureas and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, selected as model analytes, have been determined to study the influence of various polymerization and separation parameters on properties of the monoliths. The amount of AMPS and the nature of monomers in the polymerization solution have been thus adjusted. It has been observed that the ionic strength of the mobile phase may affect significantly the efficiency of the separation. The effect of the percentage of acetonitrile in the mobile phase on efficiency and permeability of the organic monoliths has also been investigated. Efficiencies greater than 300,000 plates/m have been obtained with the test compounds. Stability and reproducibility have been extensively studied.     

红外光谱在定量分析中的应用

本文对近十年红外光谱在定量分析中的应用进行了概述。偏最小二乘法,一阶导数、二阶导数等化学计量法在定量分析中得到了普遍的应用,反射、探针、漫反射等技术的发展拓宽了红外光谱定量分析的领域。固体、液体、气体均可计量的优势更加突出。实现了单一物质,二元或多元物质的定量测定。     

Self-association of sulfo derivatives of cobalt phthalocyanine in aqueous solution

Sulfo derivatives of cobalt phthalocyanine containing naphthalene fragments have been synthesized, and their self-association and molecular complexation with pyridine in aqueous solution have been studied by spectrophotometry. The dissociation constants of the dimeric associates have been determined. The effects of the number of functional groups in the peripheral substituents and of the axial ligand on the phthalocyanine dimerization process have been revealed.     

Kinetics of oxidation of some disaccharides in ammoniacal medium

Kinetics of oxidation of lactose, maltose, cellobiose and melibiose has been studied by hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of ammonia. A general mechanism involving the formation of intermediate enodiol anion has been suggested. The effects of dielectric constant and salts have been studied in detail. The oxidation products have been characterised by descending paper chromatography. Compensation effects have been observed.     

比较教学法在仪器分析实验教学中的应用

仪器分析实验是化学及相关专业的重要实验课程。结合课程特点和培养目标,提出了将比较教学法融入课堂的教学方法,指出了意义和作用,介绍了教学中开展比较教学的实践与应用。该方法加强了学生对仪器功能特点的掌握,激发其实验兴趣和创新精神,学生的认知能力在比较过程中不断建构、丰富、提高和发展,取得了较好的效果。     

Photometric determination of chromium in natural and industrial objects in the form of ethylenediaminetetraacetates

The optimal formation conditions have been found and the chemical analytical characteristics have been determined for ethylenediaminetetraacetates of chromium(III). The techniques for the photometric determination of large amounts of chromium in chromium ore, alloyed steel, ferrochromium, and chromium(III) oxide have been developed. The metrological characteristics are not inferior to those obtained using conventional methods of analysis, but surpass them with respect to output.     

Direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in microreactors

Several studies concerning direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide in microreactors are reviewed. Several types of microreactors have been applied. Their high surface area-to-volume ratio and small internal volume improve safety, which is required when operating with explosive gases. The tested microreactors represent capillary reactors and more sophisticated reactors with a special plate structure on which reaction channels have been machined. Both single- and multi-channel arrangements have been applied. The catalysts have been installed in the reactor in the form of powder or washcoat layer on the channel wall. Palladium and platinum on various support material, such as SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and C, have been tested. Water was the most common solvent, but also methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol have been used because of their better gas dissolving properties. In addition to solvents, chemicals, often called promoters, have been utilised to improve productivity. The most typical promoters were halide ions, such as Br^? and Cl^? and inorganic acids. Hydrogen peroxide has been produced successfully by several research groups. The highest reported mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide was 5 wt %.     

我国内地高分子科学研究20年回顾——纪念《高分子通报》创刊20周年

从几个侧面回顾了20年来我国内地高分子学科领域发展进程。在学科整体发展方面,主要概括了研究资助增长与管理模式改革、研究队伍更替与扩大、总体水平与影响的基本判断和存在的主要问题等;在学术方面,主要概述了获得国家自然科学奖、代表性应用成果和各分支领域有重要学术价值的代表性研究进展。     

Structural defects in poly(vinylchloride)—III. Degradation of vinyl chloride-phenylacetylene copolymers in solution

Vinylchloride-phenylacetylene copolymers have been prepared and characterized. A known amount of defined defect sites, viz. double bonds, has been introduced into the main chain of the polymer. Thermal degradation behaviour of the copolymers has been studied in trichlorobenzene solution. A strong dependence of the kinetics of dehydrochlorination and polyene formation on the defect concentration has been found. Rate constants and activation parameters have been determined. The effects of different structures have been compared.     

On evolution of non-linear waves in polytropic reacting gases

In this paper we have studied the behavior of wave motion as propagating wavelets and their culmination into shock waves in polytropic reacting gases with same \(\gamma \)-law. An expansion wave resulting from the action of receding piston has been considered and the solution to this problem has been obtained. The propagation of weak waves has been considered and the flow variables in the region bounded by the piston and the characteristic wave front have been found out. The expansive action of a receding piston undergoing an abrupt change in velocity has been discussed. Central expansion fan and shock fronts have been studied and the solutions up to first order in the physical plane have been obtained. The effects of reaction mechanism on the solutions have been analyzed in each case.     

Determination of isotope shifts in 2,4-, 3,4- and 2,6-dichlorotoluene isomers in a supersonic beam

By using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization in a supersonic beam, photoionization spectra of the m/z 160, 162 and 164 species of the 2,4-, 3,4- and 2,6-dichlorotoluene isomers at 0.8 K rotational temperature have been obtained in the 2800 Å spectral region. The ions have been analyzed according to their masses in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Isotope shifts of the order of tenths of cm⁻¹ have been determined for the first time for the studied molecules. The spectra obtained have been interpreted by considering the geometrical structure and symmetry of every isotopomer, and values for the rotational constants in the upper and lower states of the electronic transition have been obtained in agreement with the experimental results.     

Characterizing the oxygen-oxygen interaction in the dinitramide anion

Atomic interactions between oxygen atoms have been analyzed in terms of the Theory of Atoms in Molecules for the biguanidium dinitramide and biguanidium bis-dinitramide crystals. The electron density has been derived from X-ray diffraction data obtained at 90 K, and the potential energy density has been calculated using the density functional approach. Bond critical points have been found on the O(1)...O(4) interatomic line in both the electron density and potential energy density gradient fields. The bond path and its associated virial path have been obtained. The interaction has been identified as a bonding closed-shell type interaction.     

大气汽溶胶微粒子光学特性的研究

根据Mie微粒子光散射理论计算了汽溶胶大气模型的光学特性,得到了汽溶胶的散射截面、吸收截面和消光截面以及红外波段散射强度分布,同时计算了汽溶胶大气的发射率光谱,为研究大气红外传输提供了计算方法。     

Mechanism of adsorption in cylindrical nanopores: the roles of fluctuations and correlations in stabilizing the adsorbed phase

The mechanism of the adsorption in nanometric cylindrical pores has been studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations. The results have been analyzed from the point of view of microscopic correlations. It has been shown that the correlations between the energy components and between the energy and the number of adsorbed particles provide crucial information concerning the microscopic mechanism of the formation of adsorbed layers. Typical susceptibility functions have been calculated. They give the relations between the statistical correlations and the stability of the adsorbed system in different stages of adsorption. The numerical calculations have been carried out for Kr atoms adsorbed in an MCM-41 model porous material with pores of diameter d = 4 nm. The smooth-wall model as well as the model of a wall with micropores have been discussed.     

The influence of the plasticization on free volume in polyvinyl chloride

Positron lifetime measurements in polyvinyl chloride (PVC), plasticized with the aid of dibutyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate have been made. The plasticizers, the first range plasticizers, are an organic and an inorganic ester, respectively. The influence of the different concentration of the plasticizer in the PVC on positron lifetimes in the polymer have been investigated. A conventional fast-slow coincidence lifetime spectrometer with plastic scintillators has been used for the lifetime measurements. All the measurements have been performed in air, at room temperature. Mean free volumes radii have been calculated from the lifetime data.     

Crystallization Processes in Composite Biomaterials

The crystallization processes in composite biomaterials containing fluorapatite (FA) and gel glasses (GG) have been investigated. Using the sol-gel method three gel-glasses have been synthesized: ZnO·SiO₂, ZnO·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂ and ZnO·CaO·2SiO₂. The composites have been prepared from GG and FA in different mole ratios and each of them treated at 950°C, 1050°C, 1150°C and 1250°C. From the XRD analysis of the composites it has been established that fluorapatite is present as a major crystalline phase. The XRD patterns and the IR spectra of the pure GG systems have been studied at 200°C, 600°C and 800°C. The surface of the samples has been analyzed before and after the in vitro experiments using SEM. An amorphous layer has been observed on the surface of each of the treated samples. The element concentration and the solubility of the samples have been analyzed after the in vitro experiments by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).     

Orientational dynamics of anthracene in a cyclodextrin functionalized layered solid

Cyclodextrin cavities have been intercalated in a layered metal hydroxide to create hydrophobic nanopockets within the galleries of the layered solid. Anthracene molecules have been included in the anchored cavities by partitioning from a polar solvent. The excitation-emission fluorescence spectra of the included anthracene show a total absence of Stokes shift. The orientational dynamics of the isolated, solvent-free anthracene molecules in the anchored cyclodextrin cavities have been probed by fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements. The results have been compared with those for anthracene included in cyclodextrin cavities in aqueous solutions.     

香豆素衍生物溶液的光谱和光物理行为

通过对一系列不同取代的香豆素化合物在不同溶剂中的光谱测定,研究了结构和溶剂极性对它们光物理行为的影响.发现了它们的光物理特征与其结构和多种溶剂极性参数间存在的一些关系,为进一步更好的利用这类化合物提供了重要依据.