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1.
煤在含有吡啶的二元溶液中吸附和溶胀行为的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本实验采用WK11模型化合物及ND褐煤和IL烟煤,在含有吡啶的水、环己烷、甲苯双溶液系统中研究其吸附和溶胀行为。研究结果显示,在稀溶液条件下吡啶吸附量和溶胀率都很低,而且即使在很长的反应时间内溶液中的吡啶也不能被全部吸附。这表明虽然由于热力学有利的熵变,吡啶可以断开煤中所有的氢键交联结构而形成新的氢键,但溶剂环境的影响和孔径等因素的扩散限制,也显著影响煤的吡啶吸附量和溶胀行为。在低吡啶浓度时,煤的溶胀率与吸附量无线性关系。在高吡啶浓度时,溶胀率随吸附量的增大而增加。但吡啶浓度超过一定值时,由于吡啶的强抽提作用,一定反应时间后煤和溶剂界面消失。  相似文献   

2.
几种烟煤及其热处理后的溶胀性能研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
研究了四种不同变质程度烟煤及其二硫化碳/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(CS2/NMP)混合溶剂(1∶1,vol)的抽提物在不同溶剂中的溶胀性能,同时考察了四种煤样不同温度热处理后其溶胀性能的变化。结果表明,煤的溶胀率随煤化度增加而有所降低;变质程度较低的烟煤在极性溶剂中的溶胀率大于非极性溶剂,随着煤化度的增加,两者溶胀度差距减小;四种烟煤经混合溶剂抽提后,其抽余煤的交联密度降低,溶胀率增加。四种煤样150℃热处理后在CS2中的溶胀率均有所增加,表明热处理可以降低煤的交联密度。随着热处理温度提高至240℃,除气煤外,其余三种煤样在NMP和CS2中溶胀率均进一步增大,说明其交联密度进一步降低。这一结果与热处理煤样在混合溶剂中抽提率的变化趋势一致,如240℃热处理后瘦煤的抽提率由原煤的6.9%提高到17.3%。红外光谱研究表明,经过适当温度的热处理,可以脱除煤分子中的羰基和羟基等含氧官能团,破坏煤结构中的氢键,从而降低煤的交联密度,提高煤的溶胀率及其在混合溶剂中的抽提率。  相似文献   

3.
为了研究溶剂预处理对低阶煤的固有大分子结构的影响,本研究对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)和神府次烟煤(SFC)分别进行了四氢呋喃(THF)索氏抽提、二硫化碳/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(CS2/NMP)混合溶剂抽提及热溶处理,并对所得抽余煤进行了傅里叶红外漫反射光谱分析(DRIFT)、热重分析(TGA)、压汞法分析(MI)和溶胀度测定。结果表明,溶剂抽提导致煤大分子结构重排和再缔合。其中,THF索式抽提和CS2/NMP混合溶剂抽提可以改变非共价键交联作用,特别是氢键作用分布,从而不同程度地松弛煤大分子结构。然而,高温溶剂热溶处理主要促进了煤大分子的共价键交联,尤其是对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)。所有抽取煤的溶胀都受Fickian扩散控制,且所有抽取煤的溶胀活化能都低于原煤。  相似文献   

4.
采用四种有机溶剂对鄂尔多斯褐煤进行溶胀预处理并在粉-粒流化床上进行快速热解,探究溶胀对褐煤结构及热解特性的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、固体核磁、X射线衍射、全自动化学吸附仪等仪器对溶胀煤及热解产物进行表征。结果表明,非极性溶剂对煤结构影响较小。极性溶剂可以降低褐煤含氧官能团的氢键交联,增加小分子的流动性,增加煤的平均孔径。溶胀后的煤热解焦油和气相产率提高,热解水产率降低。与原煤相比,极性溶剂甲醇、丙酮、四氢呋喃处理煤样的热解焦油产率分别提高了18.88%、26.72%、33.58%,焦油的轻质组分中酚类、单环和双环类芳香烃组分含量明显增加。  相似文献   

5.
彭宇行  徐坚 《合成化学》1999,7(4):329-333
以具有良好柔性和生物相容性的聚四氢呋喃(PTHF)为疏水链段,具有pH敏感性的聚丙烯酸(PAA)为亲水链段,通过PTHF双端基大分子单体与丙烯酸自由基共聚,首次合成了聚丙烯酸-l-聚四氢呋喃(PAA-l-PTHF)两亲聚合物网络,并对网络的结构、组成以及交联点密度进行了表征。两亲聚合物网络溶胀行为研究表明,PAA-l-PTHF既能在水中溶胀又能在有机溶剂中溶胀,在水中的溶胀度随网络亲水链段PAA含  相似文献   

6.
为了研究溶剂预处理对低阶煤的固有大分子结构的影响,本研究对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)和神府次烟煤(SFC)分别进行了四氢呋喃(THF)索氏抽提、二硫化碳/N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(CS2/NM P)混合溶剂抽提及热溶处理,并对所得抽余煤进行了傅里叶红外漫反射光谱分析(DRIFT)、热重分析(TGA)、压汞法分析(MI)和溶胀度测定。结果表明,溶剂抽提导致煤大分子结构重排和再缔合。其中,THF索式抽提和CS2/NM P混合溶剂抽提可以改变非共价键交联作用,特别是氢键作用分布,从而不同程度地松弛煤大分子结构。然而,高温溶剂热溶处理主要促进了煤大分子的共价键交联,尤其是对锡林郭勒褐煤(XLL)。所有抽取煤的溶胀都受Fickian扩散控制,且所有抽取煤的溶胀活化能都低于原煤。  相似文献   

7.
吡啶预处理抑制煤热解过程中交联反应的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用吡啶蒸气、吡啶溶液两种溶胀方式对伊泰褐煤进行了预处理,用热重结合在线质谱仪考察了两种处理方式对煤热解过程中交联反应的抑制效果。结果表明,两种预处理方法对煤热解过程的交联反应都有不同程度的抑制,但其作用温度和机理不同。吡啶蒸气预处理可能通过与煤形成N—OH氢键、断开煤本身含氧官能团之间的氢键,从而在400℃以前抑制煤本身含氧官能团之间的氢键交联反应;吡啶溶液预处理主要是通过改变煤的结构,减少煤小分子同大分子网络结构之间缔合,提高氢的传递效率等因素来抑制小分子同煤大分子网络结构及其热解过程中间碎片之间的交联反应。  相似文献   

8.
通过反气相色谱(IGC)技术,在160~200℃的温度区间范围,测定了原煤与44种有机溶剂间相互作用参数。通过煤-溶剂相互作用参数判据进一步判定煤在丙酮、戊酮、乙醚、异丙醇、仲丁醇、异丁醇、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷、四氯化碳、1,4-二氧六环、环氧丙烷、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、乙腈、甲酸甲酯、乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯及丙酸甲酯中溶胀显著;在丁酮、噻吩、四氢呋喃溶剂中溶胀效果一般;煤在正构烷烃、芳烃、丁醚、叔丁醇、丙酸乙酯、环己酮、己烯、辛烯中溶胀不显著。采用体积法研究了煤在所选溶剂中的溶胀行为,总体呈现煤在极性溶剂中的溶胀度较大,而在非极性溶剂中溶胀度较小规律。结果表明,煤在有机溶剂中的实际溶胀效果与煤-溶剂相互作用参数判据得出结论基本一致。  相似文献   

9.
研究了在线型聚 (丙烯酸 ) (PAA)溶液中链长、pH、离子强度和水 /二甲亚砜混合溶剂组成对非离子聚 (N-乙烯基 - 2 -吡咯烷酮 ) (PVP)水凝胶溶胀特性的影响 .发现聚酸浓度的变化引起凝胶显著的体积相变 ,这是因为凝胶和聚合物通过氢键形成了大分子间凝胶 -聚合物复合物 .凝胶的溶胀特性取决于聚酸的链长而不是离子强度 .随着pH值和水 /二甲亚砜混合溶剂组成的变化 ,凝胶的溶胀率 (SR)发生变化  相似文献   

10.
环己酮抽提煤的研究   总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12  
报道了环己酮在索氏抽提及回流抽提等条件下对不同煤队煤样的抽提行为,并探讨了抽提机理与特点,研究结果表明五己酮是一种良好的氢键受体,它与煤分子间相互作用同煤中羟基有密切关系。  相似文献   

11.
Although conformational analysis by NMR of ethylene glycol indicates generally strong preferences for the gauche conformation in solvents ranging from water to chloroform, the bulk of the NMR evidence indicates that intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups is unlikely to be a significant factor in determining that preference, except possibly in fairly non-polar solvents. The 'gauche effect' is clearly very important, especially in aqueous solution.  相似文献   

12.
N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-prolinamides were synthesized with the aim to introduce an additional hydrogen bonding site to the prolinamide structure. These compounds were evaluated as organocatalysts for asymmetric aldol reactions between aromatic aldehydes and cyclohexanone. Very good yields, diastereoselectivities, and enantioselectivities were achieved in both organic solvents and water. The importance of the additional hydrogen bonding site was confirmed by comparative experiments with prolinamide derivatives without the hydroxyl group.  相似文献   

13.
以3,6-二甲基-2,5-吡嗪二羧酸(P)和三聚氰胺(M)为组分,采用不同的摩尔比(1∶1,1∶2,1∶3)混合配制了3个样品PM11,PM12和PM13,并对其凝胶性能进行了测试.实验结果表明,PM能在水中及部分含水有机溶剂中形成稳定的凝胶,这些凝胶对酸碱具有良好的响应性能.采用扫描电子显微镜分析了3种水凝胶的微观形貌,均为纤维状的网络结构;红外光谱及紫外光谱测试结果表明氢键是形成凝胶的关键驱动力;XRD测试结果显示凝胶为层状结构.对PM12在不同pH值的水中的凝胶性能测试结果表明,在pH=3~11的范围内PM12均能形成凝胶.测试了PM12在混合溶剂中的凝胶性能,并将测试结果与混合溶剂的Hansen溶解度参数关联,以便用于分析溶剂与凝胶因子间的相互作用,所得结果亦表明氢键在凝胶形成的过程中起重要作用.  相似文献   

14.
红球菌对煤中硫的脱除及对煤溶胀和抽提性质的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
中国能源工业是以煤为主、多能互补的能源生产体系。为适应国民经济的发展速度,中国能源工业仍将保持快速发展的势头。煤炭的生产和利用中缺乏对污染物的有效控制将引起大气污染、酸雨等区域性环境问题,以及气候变化等全球环境问题。中国煤炭资源中约15%的原煤硫的质量分数高于2%;高硫煤利用所导致的环境问题已经成为制约中国经济和社会发展的因素之一。因此,开发有效而经济的煤炭脱硫方法具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

15.
Drago’s acid–base approach was used to quantify the hydrogen bonding interactions in solvent swelling of cellulose fibers. The fiber swelling was correlated with acid–base, dispersive interactions and solvent molar volume. The acid–base interaction potentials of solvents were expressed in terms of their electron pair donor and acceptor numbers. The acid–base interaction terms of cellulosic materials were determined by using: (1) Flory–Huggins; (2) multiple regression models. We have used the swelling data of Mantanis and coworkers, which were based on the equilibrium liquid holding capacities of various compressed fibers in water and series of organic solvents. According to our interpretations, acid–base interactions and molar volume parameters were the major contributors to the overall solubility parameter. Acid–base interaction terms were balanced in alpha-cellulose sample. However spruce wood and sulfite pulp samples were more acidic than basic and therefore swollen better in organic basic solvents. For a good swelling behavior solvent must have high electron pair donor number/acceptor number ratio and high electron pair donor number–acceptor number difference.  相似文献   

16.
The pentafluorophenyl (PFP) column is emerging as a new advancement in separation science to analyze a wide range of analytes and, thus, its separation mechanism at supramolecular level is significant. We developed a mechanism for the separation of ibuprofen and omeprazole using different combinations (ranging from 50:50 to 60:40) of water–acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The column used was Waters Acquity UPLC HSS PFP (75 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). The reverse order of elution was observed in different combinations of the mobile phases. The docking study indicated hydrogen bonding between ibuprofen and PFP stationary phase (binding energy was −11.30 kJ/mol). Separation at PFP stationary phase is controlled by hydrogen bonding along with π–π interactions. This stationary phase may be used to analyze both aromatic and aliphatic analytes. The developed mechanism will be useful to separate various analytes by considering the possible interactions, leading to saving of energy, time and money. In addition, this work will be highly useful in preparative chromatography where separation is the major problem at a large scale. Moreover, the developed LC‐MS‐QTOF method may be used to analyze ibuprofen and omeprazole in an unknown sample owing to the low value of detection limits.  相似文献   

17.
Supramolecular aggregation of a novel nonfluorescent gelator yields highly luminescent organogels in aprotic organic solvents through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which is a key motif for both self-assembly and photophysical process control.  相似文献   

18.
We report the swelling behavior of chemically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gels with different degrees of hydrolysis in water, several organic solvents, and their mixed solvents. The gels were dried after gelation and were put into their respective solvents. The gel volume in pure water decreased with increasing temperatures, and the total changes increased with decreasing degrees of hydrolysis. The swelling ratio depends on the solvent and its concentration. In the cases of mixed solvents of methanol–water, ethanol–water, and acetone–water, the gels shrank continuously with increasing concentrations of solvents and reached the collapsed state in the pure organic solvent. In the case of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), on the other hand, the gels shrunk, swelled, and finally reached the swollen state in pure DMSO. Results of measurements using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) suggested that crosslinks and microcrystallites were formed due to hydrogen bonds during the drying process after gelation. The hydrogen bonds were partly destroyed in a rich solvent, but the residual hydrogen bonds had an essential role in determining the swelling behavior in a poor solvent. The swelling behavior and the possible phase transition of the present system are discussed in terms of the solubility of polymers with different degrees of hydrolysis in given mixed solvents and in terms of the formation and destruction of physical crosslinks in the chemical PVA gels. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1978–1986, 2010  相似文献   

19.
The syntheses and spectroscopic properties of a series of pegylated zinc(II)-phthalocyanines (Zn-Pcs) containing one, two, or eight tri(ethylene glycol) chains are described. The single molecular structure of a phthalonitrile precursor containing one hydroxyl and one PEG group, and its unique intermolecular hydrogen bonding are presented. The pegylated Pcs are highly soluble in polar organic solvents and have fluorescence quantum yields in the range 0.08-0.28.  相似文献   

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