Pt/CeO2-ZrO2变换催化剂的制备、表征与性能

 用共沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Zr比的CeO2-ZrO2复合氧化物,用浸渍法制备了Pt/CeO2-ZrO2水煤气变换催化剂,并对该催化剂进行了活性评价. 结果表明,与传统的Cu基低变催化剂相比,该催化剂具有操作温度范围宽和抗氧化冲击等优点,具有应用于车载重整制氢过程的潜力. 考察了温度、空速和汽/气比等条件对催化剂活性的影响,对催化剂的制备参数和工艺参数进行了研究. 结果表明,不同Ce/Zr比的Pt/CeO2-ZrO2催化剂的活性相差很大,其中Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2变换催化剂活性最高. XRD结果表明,制备的Pt/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2形成了固溶体. 通过增加单位质量催化剂表面的Pt原子数可提高催化剂的活性.     

Cu-Ce-Zr-O复合氧化物催化剂的制备与三效催化性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶凝胶法制备了Cu-Ce-Zr-O复合氧化物催化剂. 当Ce∶Zr∶Cu摩尔比为2∶8∶5时,制得的Ce0.2Zr0.8Cu0.5-O2-λ催化剂具有较佳的三效催化性能和较宽的工作窗口. 当空燃比为1.33(富氧)时, CO, C3H6和NO的起燃温度分别为183, 257和236 ℃, 并且当温度高于340 ℃时都能完全转化; 催化剂经高温老化后CO, C3H6和NO的起燃温度仍较低,分别为225, 350和350 ℃. X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和程序升温还原的结果表明,部分Cu进入 Ce-Zr固溶体形成Cu-Ce-Zr固溶体; Cu与Ce产生协同效应使Ce0.2Zr0.8Cu0.5O2-λ催化剂的低温活性明显提高,并且在贫燃情况下具有更高的三效催化性能.     

Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂在水煤气变换反应中的电导研究

采用浸渍法制备了不同载体(Ce0.6Zr0.4O2,CeO2和ZrO2)负载的Pt基水煤气变换反应(WGSR)催化剂, 并对其进行了活性评价. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 程序升温还原(TPR)和原位电导等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce0.6Zr0.4O2固溶体具有比CeO2更高的氧转移能力, 因此促进了Pt/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2催化剂的WGSR活性.     

介孔Ce1-xZrxO2负载的Cu基催化剂在富氢条件下催化CO选择性氧化

采用多元醇为模板剂合成了介孔Ce1-xZrxO2(x=0.2,0.35,0.5)固溶体材料,并以其为载体负载CuO制备了Cu基催化剂.应用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、程序升温脱附和N2吸附-脱附等技术对载体及催化剂进行了表征,并研究了Zr的取代比例x值对载体和Cu基催化剂性能的影响.结果表明,所有Ce1-xZrxO2样品均为介孔材料,其中Ce0.5-Zr0.5O2载体样品有较大的比表面积(181m2/g),CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品在富氢条件下有较高的催化CO选择性氧化反应的活性和选择性.与其他催化剂样品相比,CuO/Ce0.5Zr0.5O2催化剂样品中形成的活性中心更多,分散性更好,对CO的吸附量更大,CO脱附温度更低,活性组分与载体的相互作用更强。     

制备方法对CuO/CeO_2-MnO_x催化剂富氢条件下催化氧化CO性能的影响

分别以一次沉淀法、沉积沉淀浸渍法及直接混合焙烧法制备了Cu O/Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂,并运用XRD(X射线衍射)、N2吸附脱附、XPS(X射线光电子能谱)、H2-TPR(程序升温还原)等手段对催化剂进行了表征,讨论了Cu O/Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂的制备方法对富氢条件下CO催化氧化性能的影响。分析结果表明:沉积沉淀浸渍法制备的Cu O/Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂并不具有最大的比表面积及最小的晶粒尺寸,但表现出最优的催化活性;沉积沉淀浸渍法使Cu O/Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂表面分布较多的活性铜物种及丰富的Mn Ox,使得催化剂表面晶格氧含量增多,同时表面羟基、碳酸盐等易导致催化剂失活的物种减少,这些是其具有高催化活性的关键因素。     

Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂上巴豆醛选择性加氢

采用浸渍法制备了Ce0.8La0.2O1.9同溶体负载Pt催化剂,用于气相巴豆醛选择加氧反应中.采用X射线粉末衍射、程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和拉曼光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,随着Pt负载量增加,Pt/Ce0.8La0.2O1.9催化剂活性(TOF)和巴豆醇选择性均先增加后降低.当Pt负载量为3%时,...     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2催化剂上丙烷完全氧化性能研究

采用沉淀法制备了ZrO2,CeO2和Ce0.7Zr0.3O2载体,并用浸渍法制备负载型Pt催化剂。考察了500和900℃焙烧催化剂的丙烷完全氧化性能和水汽对丙烷氧化反应的影响。对于500℃焙烧的催化剂,催化剂的丙烷氧化活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-500>Pt/CeO2-500>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500;而经900℃焙烧的催化剂活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-900>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900>Pt/CeO2-900。反应气氛中水汽的存在对两种Pt/ZrO2催化剂的活性均有抑制作用(T50温度均提高了10~15℃);而对于Pt/CeO2-500催化剂有抑制作用(T50温度提高10℃),但对Pt/CeO2-900催化剂活性有促进作用(T50温度下降25℃);对于两种Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂活性具有促进作用(T50温度均下降5~25℃)。表征结果表明催化剂的活性与其表面Pt物种价态密切相关,催化剂表面上Pt0物种有利于活性的提高。Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂中只含有氧化态Pt物种(Pt^2+),而Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900催化剂中则含有部分金属态Pt物种,因此其活性高于Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂。     

Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2的催化性能及其氧移动性的 18O 同位素交换表征

 采用浸渍法制备了Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂,考察了催化剂对乙醇及CO的氧化活性,并采用 18O 同位素交换、乙醇程序升温表面反应(C2H5OH-TPSR)、一氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Pt/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2催化剂表现出较高的乙醇和CO氧化活性,其催化活性随着Pt负载量的增加而提高. 当Pt负载量为3%时,活性最高. 继续增加Pt负载量,催化剂活性下降. C2H5OH-TPSR和CO-TPD结果表明,催化剂对乙醇或CO的氧化活性与从催化剂表面脱附出来的CO2量有对应关系, CO2脱附量越大,催化剂活性越高. 18O 同位素交换结果表明,表面氧交换能力与其氧化活性有一定对应关系,催化剂的表面氧交换能力越高,氧化活性越高.     

Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2催化剂的制备、表征及其催化碳烟燃烧反应性能

 采用微孔扩散-共沉淀法制备了不同 Ce/Zr 摩尔比的 Ce1-xZrxO2 (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5) 固溶体, 并以此为载体用超声波助分散等体积浸渍法制备了 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂, 考察了催化剂中 Ce/Zr 比对其催化柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒物燃烧反应性能的影响. 结果表明, 在催化剂与碳烟颗粒松散接触条件下, Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂催化碳烟颗粒物燃烧的活性非常高. 其中 Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂活性最高, T10, T50, T90 和 SmCO2 分别为 316 oC, 385 oC, 413 oC 和 99.9%. 这与目前文献报道的松散接触条件下活性最高的担载 Pt 催化剂相近. 应用 X 射线衍射、透射电镜、扫描电镜、紫外-可见漫反射和傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体及 Co0.2/Ce1-xZrxO2 催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明, Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体由纳米级小颗粒组成 (平均粒径在 10 nm 左右). 适量的 Ce/Zr 比有利于改善立方尖晶石型 Co3O4 在 Ce1-xZrxO2 固溶体表面的分散, 从而提高催化剂活性. 程序升温还原结果表明, Co0.2/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 催化剂具有最优的低温还原特性, 与它具有最高的催化活性相一致.     

纳米CeO2基固溶体催化柴油机碳颗粒物燃烧性能

采用柠檬酸溶胶鄄凝胶法制备CeO2基固溶体催化剂(Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ、Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Gd0.3O2-δ), 并考察了固溶体和三种常用载体(TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3)及其负载KNO3后的催化碳黑燃烧活性. 结果表明, CeO2基固溶体催化剂具有很高的催化燃烧活性, 其活性接近TiO2、SiO2和Al2O3负载30%KNO3催化剂的活性. 因为纳米CeO2基固溶体的形成, 提高了催化剂的抗烧结能力, 使氧更活泼, 从而提高氧化还原性能, 有利于碳颗粒燃烧. 由于CeO2基固溶体本身的高活性, 因此KNO3的添加不能明显提高CeO2基固溶体催化剂(尤其是Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-δ和Ce0.7Pr0.3O2-δ)的催化燃烧活性, 但KNO3能显著提高TiO2, SiO2和Al2O3的催化燃烧活性.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

Cu0-catalysed 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of α-amino acid derived N,N-cyclic azomethine imines to ynones

A series of 20 CuAIAC reactions between eight 4-acylamino substituted pyrazolidine-3-one-1-azomethine imines and four terminal ynones were performed using Cu⁰ as catalyst. The corresponding fluorescent cycloadducts were obtained in very high yields upon simple workup. Thus, Cu-metal turned out to be a better catalyst than Cu^I in terms of yield and ease of isolation. Availability of azomethine imines, mild reaction conditions, and simple workup enable a “click” access to libraries of densely substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-ones. Reactivity of differently substituted dipoles was evaluated experimentally and by quantum chemical methods (DFT).     

Synthesis and antioxidative/anti-inflammatory activity of novel fullerene–polyamine conjugates

(E)-4-(Fullerenopyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enoic acid and its corresponding succinimidyl ester, readily obtained through Prato-type modification of C₆₀, were used for the selective N-acylation of polyamines. The thus obtained conjugates were evaluated for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity and their cytotoxicity was determined. Members of this family of compounds showed interesting anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-lipoxygenase and anti-inflammatory activity and comparable cytocompatibility to spermidine.     

Copper-catalyzed multicomponent reactions of 2-iodoanilines,benzylamines, and elemental sulfur toward 2-arylbenzothiazoles

A relatively cheap copper salt-catalyzed, three-component approach providing 2-arylbenzothiazoles in good to excellent yields from readily available 2-iodoanilines, benzylamines, and sulfur powder is reported. This methodology allows preparation of various classes of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and provides a general, reliable approach.