Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+)共掺氧化钇透明陶瓷的制备及其性能

研究了共沉淀法制备Yb/Ho∶Y2O3纳米粉末及其透明陶瓷的烧结工艺,采用Y(NO3)3、Yb(NO3)3和Ho(NO3)3的混合溶液为母盐溶液,以氨水为沉淀剂,在不同pH值下,用共沉淀法制备得到了碱式硝酸盐前驱体沉淀。1100℃煅烧2h得到Yb/Ho∶Y2O3纳米粉末。采用0.5wt%的TEOS(正硅酸四乙酯)为添加剂,1700～1850℃真空烧结15～25h后,得到了Yb/Ho∶Y2O3透明陶瓷。     

纳米YAG相包覆SiC复合粉体

利用共沉淀包覆方法制备了SiC-YAG(Y3Al5O12)陶瓷复合粉体。探讨了Y3+和Al3+的先驱沉淀物共沉淀包覆SiC粉体的包覆原理,当溶液中的OH-浓度控制在非均匀形核和均匀形核所需要的临界浓度范围之内,可以使Y3+和Al3+的先驱沉淀物共沉淀包覆在SiC颗粒表面。Y3+和Al3+的先驱沉淀物在1000℃煅烧后,直接形成YAG相,而不形成中间相,YAG相形成温度比常规形成温度明显降低(约600℃)。同时研究了溶液的pH值和沉淀剂滴定速度对SiC-YAG陶瓷复合粉体包覆性的影响。结果表明pH=9和沉淀剂滴定速度为5ml·min-1时,可以实现共沉淀包覆。     

共沉淀法制备参数对(Y，Gd)2O3∶Eu3+纳米粉体性能的影响

采用氨水为沉淀剂,正向滴定共沉淀法制备(Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+纳米粉体.用XRD、SEM和荧光光度计对粉体的形貌和特性进行了分析.结果表明:稀土溶液的起始浓度0.15 mol·L-1,体系温度0℃,滴定速度2 mL·min-1,静止12 h,添加3%(NH4)2SO4(质量分数)并且在800℃煅烧2 h的条件下,合成出(Y,Cd)2O3:Eu3+纳米粉体近似球形,粒径尺寸约为30～60 nm且分散性良好.添加3%(NH4)2SO4的含量能够改善(Y,Gd)2O3:Eu3+纳米粉体的发光性能,并使发射光谱在5D0→7F2跃迁态上获得最大的相对发光峰值.     

共沉淀法制备α-磷酸三钙

以NH4HCO3、(NH4)2HPO4和Ca(NO3)2.4H2O为原料,由液相共沉淀法制得分子比2∶1的CaHPO4和CaCO3混合粉体,经高温煅烧处理后制得α-磷酸三钙(α-TCP)粉末。用化学分析法分析了混合粉体的钙磷比,X射线及透射电镜(TEM)分析了α-磷酸三钙粉末的晶相组成、微观形貌。结果表明,共沉淀的方法可以得到α-磷酸三钙;与机械混合法相比,共沉淀法制备的粉料在高温下有较快的α-磷酸三钙转化速率。     

共沉淀法制备YAG粉体影响因素研究

采用共沉淀法制备出性能良好的YAG(Y3A12(A1O4)3)纳米粉,对前驱体及不同温度下煅烧后的粉体进行差热、红外光谱、X射线衍射、比表面积和透射电镜等分析。结果表明:YAG粉体大小均匀,近似球形,且随着煅烧温度的升高,其颗粒逐渐变大,当温度达到1000℃时粉体全部为纯YAG立方相。随着母盐溶液(Y(NO3)3+Al(NO3)3)浓度的降低颗粒逐渐减少,并且粉体中YAM(Y4A12O9),Y2O3等相转化为纯YAG立方相。     

Sn/Al2O3催化剂结构与选择性催化还原NO性能

以不同沉淀剂和铝盐与SnCl4共沉淀制备了Sn/Al2O3催化剂.考察了催化剂在富氧条件下催化丙烯选择性还原NO的性能,借助于X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附红外光谱(Py-IR)和程序升温还原(TPR)等方法研究了催化剂性能与结构的关系.发现以NH3.H2O和NH4HCO3为沉淀剂、NH4Al(SO4)2为铝盐制备的Sn/Al2O3催化剂催化活性最高,NO转化率达90.9%,最佳催化活性温度为350℃.该催化剂的比表面积为254 m2/g,孔体积为0.878 cm3/g,孔径分布曲线在3~8 nm出现双峰,Sn物种主要以晶态SnO2存在,且表面Lewis酸酸量增加.     

静电纺丝法制备Y2O3纳米纤维与表征

采用静电纺丝法制备了PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纳米纤维,在适当的温度下进行热处理,得到Y2O3纳米纤维. 利用XRD,SEM,TG-DTA,FTIR等现代分析手段对样品进行了表征. XRD分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维为无定型,焙烧温度在600 ℃以上得到晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维,属于立方晶系,空间群为Ia3. SEM分析表明,PVA/Y(NO3)3复合纤维表面光滑,平均直径为110 nm. 焙烧温度对Y2O3纳米纤维的形成有重要影响. 600 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维的平均直径约50 nm,900 ℃焙烧得到的Y2O3纳米纤维由纳米颗粒堆积而成,部分已断裂. TG-DTA和FTIR分析表明,PVA,Y(NO3)3以及水分在600 ℃以上时完全分解挥发,最终样品为晶态单相的Y2O3纳米纤维.     

共沉淀法制备掺钕钇铝石榴石透明激光陶瓷的研究

掺钕钇铝石榴石(Nd∶YAG)多晶透明陶瓷具有良好的化学稳定性、光学性能和耐高温性能,是一种很有前途的激光工作物质。以Al(NO3).9H2O,Y2O3,Nd2O3和NH4HCO3为原料,(NH4)2SO4为静电稳定剂,正硅酸乙酯为添加剂,采用共沉淀法和反滴定方式于1100℃合成出分散均匀、团聚程度轻、YAG立方晶相的Nd∶YAG纳米前驱体粉末,经1700℃真空烧结5 h制备出Nd∶YAG透明陶瓷材料。采用TG-DTA,XRD,TEM,FT-PL和FEG-ESEM等测试手段对Nd∶YAG陶瓷材料进行了表征。研究结果表明:前驱体粉末在800℃时为无定型态,当温度达到890℃时析出大量的YAlO3(YAP)和少量的Y3Al5O12(YAG)晶体,当温度达到1012℃时就全部转化为YAG立方晶相;前驱体纳米粉末中存在团聚。Nd∶YAG陶瓷材料的激光工作波长为1.065μm,和相同组分的单晶相比存在轻微的红移现象;随着透射光波长的增加,透光率逐渐增加,在可见光区透光率约为45%,在近红外光区透光率约为58%。     

Y2O3和CeO2复合掺杂ZrO2纳米晶的制备与表征

以ZrOCl2.8H2O,Y2O3,Ce（NO3）3.5.5H2O为原料,NH3.H2O作沉淀剂,少量表面活性剂PE作分散剂,采用反向共沉淀-喷雾干燥法,结合物理、化学分散技术,成功地制备了Y2O3,CeO2复合掺杂ZrO2纳米粉末。通过DSC-TG,XRD,XPS,BET和SEM等方法对所制得粉末进行了表征。结果表明：以Ce0.1Y0.1Zr0.8O1.95化学计量比制备的多元氢氧化物胶体经过喷雾干燥处理后,在500℃基本完成水合氧化物的分解,577℃附近完成由非晶相向立方相的转变;经过580-1000℃煅烧后,CeO2和Y2O3已经完全固溶到ZrO2中,形成类质同相体,该粉末系列均属于立方相萤石结构;掺杂进入ZrO2晶格中的Ce呈＋4价形式存在;比表面积由22.0 m^2.g^-1（580℃煅烧）减至4.97 m^2.g^-1（1000℃煅烧）;SEM结果显示800℃煅烧的该粉末颗粒尺寸分布均匀,多呈类球状,且粒径在50-80 nm。     

碳酸盐共沉淀法合成Lu2O3∶Er3+纳米粉体及性能表征

分别以硫酸铵、聚丙烯酰胺和聚乙二醇为分散剂,采用碳酸盐共沉淀法合成了Er3+掺杂Lu2O3纳米粉体。应用FTIR、TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等测试方法研究了前驱沉淀物的热分解过程,以及不同类型分散剂对Lu2O3∶Er3+纳米粉体晶粒尺寸和分散性的影响。结果表明,以(NH4)2SO4和PAM为分散剂时,前驱体经1 000℃煅烧2 h所得粉体为粒径在50~70 nm之间的球形颗粒,粉体分散性较好。此外,探讨了在980 nm激光激发下Lu2O3∶Er3+粉体的上转换发光性能。     

Metal Organic Precursors for Yttria

Abstract

Several carboxylic acid derivatives of yttrium that have potential as metal organic deposition (MOD) precursors for yttria were prepared and characterized. These included a traditional MOD precursor bearing 2-ethylhexanoate ligands and a new class of precursors bearing poly-ether carboxylic acid ligands. Notably, the latter complexes are viscous liquids.     

Excess Heat Capacity in Yttria Stabilized Zirconia

The heat capacity of 9.70 and 11.35 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia ((ZrO₂)_1–x(Y₂O₃)_x; x=0.0970, 0.1135) was measured by adiabatic calorimetry between 13 and 300 K, and some thermodynamic functions were calculated and given in a table. A large excess heat capacity extending from the lowest temperature to room temperature with a broad maximum at about 75 K was found in comparison with the heat capacity calculated from those of pure zirconia and yttria on the basis of simple additivity rule. The shape of the excess heat capacity is very similar to the Schottky anomaly, which may be attributed to a softening of lattice vibration. The amount of the excess heat capacity decreased with increasing yttria doping, while the maximum temperature did not vary. The relationships among the excess heat capacity, defect structure and interatomic force constants, and also the role of oxygen vacancy were discussed.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Thin Film Electrolytes: Yttria Stabilized Zirconia and Ceria

Data obtained in an investigation of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and ceria thin films are reviewed and discussed with special regard to the preparation conditions, namely, the temperature of deposition and the post-deposition thermal treatment of films. The structure, phase composition, electrical and dielecric properties, and problems that can be met when measuring effective and real ohmic resistances are compared with the results reported by other authors. The YSZ (CeO₂)/Si interfaces are studied by means of deep level transient spectroscopy and feedback charge method capacitance–voltage measurements.     

水热法制备氧化钇空心纳米花及其吸附性能

采用水热法制备单分散、粒径均一的碱式碳酸钇(Y(OH)CO3)前驱体,经过高温煅烧处理得到氧化钇(Y_2O_3)空心纳米花。通过傅里叶转换红外分析(FT-IR),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),X射线能谱(XPS)以及N2吸-脱附等来表征样品,并研究了Y_2O_3空心纳米花吸附重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)的能力。实验结果表明:水热法制备的前驱体为Y(OH)CO3,经高温煅烧处理得到立方相Y_2O_3空心纳米花,尺寸约140 nm,比表面积为15 m2·g-1,讨论了Y_2O_3空心纳米花的形成机理。水热法制备的Y_2O_3空心纳米花对K2Cr2O7溶液的去除率可高达88.5%,吸附量为11.06 mg·g-1,约为Y_2O_3粉末的6倍。     

水热法制备氧化钇空心纳米花及其吸附性能

采用水热法制备单分散、粒径均一的碱式碳酸钇(Y(OH)CO₃)前驱体,经过高温煅烧处理得到氧化钇(Y₂O₃)空心纳米花。通过傅里叶转换红外分析(FT-IR),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD),X射线能谱(XPS)以及N₂吸-脱附等来表征样品,并研究了Y₂O₃空心纳米花吸附重铬酸钾(K₂Cr₂O₇)的能力。实验结果表明:水热法制备的前驱体为Y(OH)CO₃,经高温煅烧处理得到立方相Y₂O₃空心纳米花,尺寸约140 nm,比表面积为15 m²·g^-1,讨论了Y₂O₃空心纳米花的形成机理。水热法制备的Y₂O₃空心纳米花对K₂Cr₂O₇溶液的去除率可高达88.5%,吸附量为11.06 mg·g^-1,约为Y₂O₃粉末的6倍。     

Yttria promoted metallic nickel catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas

A metallic Ni catalyst was prepared with nickel sponge, followed by acid treatment. It was further promoted with yttria by an impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by SEM, BET, XRD, TPR, XPS, etc., and studied in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas. The characterization results showed that the yttria promoted metallic Ni catalysts had high specific surface area and more NiO. The reaction results showed that the yttria promoter increased the CH4 conversion and the selectivity for H2 and CO.     

基于双金属Y/Zr-UiO-67的介孔氧化钇-氧化锆固溶体制备及其离子电导

采用溶剂热法,将不同物质的量的Y~(3+)离子掺入金属有机框架UiO-67的次级结构单元(SBUs),得到具有Zr(Ⅳ)-O及Y(Ⅲ)-O混合次级结构单元的双金属有机框架Y/Zr-Ui O-67。以此金属有机框架结构作为模板通过两步煅烧法制备介孔钇掺杂氧化锆。结果表明,这种金属有机框架结构衍生的氧化钇-氧化锆固溶体有高的比表面积和氧离子电导率。     

The Effect of Solution pH Value on the Morphology of Ceria–Yttria Co Stabilized Zirconia Particles Prepared Using the Polymerizable Complex Method

Ceria–yttria co stabilized zirconia (CYSZ) was synthesized from solutions through the polymerizable complex method. The only difference in the preparation of the CYSZ samples was the pH of the starting solution, which was set at 1, 7 and 12, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the sample with the pH value of 1 had good homogeneity, low agglomeration, and a quasi-spherical shape with the particle size of 41 nm, while by increasing the pH up to 7 and 12, the particles became more disordered and no more in the range of nano sized materials (≤100 nm). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the bonding characteristics of the obtained gels at different pH values. thermogravimetric analysis, together with differential thermal analysis, was used to study the differences in the properties of dried gels with temperature. Crystallographic structure of the final product was also studied using X-ray diffraction.