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1.
任一丹  王爱丽 《应用化学》2015,32(7):825-830
开发了高效去除重金属Cr(Ⅵ)污染的生物吸附剂,菹草(Potamogeton crispus)干粉吸附剂,通过单因素分析考察了吸附时间、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值、吸附剂用量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度以及离子强度等对重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。 结果表明,对吸附效果影响显著的因素有Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附剂颗粒大小、溶液初始pH值和离子强度;其吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数为0.9998;菹草对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程。  相似文献   

2.
对浙江某地大量的离子吸附型稀土样品进行了稀土元素(Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu)的浸提和测定实验,实验对比了氯化铵和硫酸铵溶液对矿石中稀土元素的浸出性能,选择了杂质浸出较少的硫酸铵溶液作为浸出剂,对不同稀土含量的吸附型稀土矿进行了实验,浸出方法稳定,符合工业开采要求。实验了电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定浸出液中稀土元素分量的方法,浸出液经大比例稀释并酸化后测定,精密度较好,能满足离子吸附型稀土矿评价的质量要求,方法检出限(6σ)0.005~0.26μg/g,单元素测定精密度(n=6,RSD≤6.0%),浸出稀土元素总量测定RSD≤4.0%。实际样品的实验及测定结果满意。  相似文献   

3.
在硅胶H/硝酸铵/CMC/H_2O(W/W33:1:1:100)的薄层板上以单-2-乙基己基磷酸/甲基异丁基酮/异丙醚/硝酸(V/V1:12:8:20)为展开剂时,各稀土元素间能同时表现出一定的△R:值。分离La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Y、Yb的混合液,定性结果令人满意。经对寻乌、定南混合稀土矿分离、测试,确定了寻乌矿中含有稀土元素是La、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Y;定南矿中含有稀土元素是La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Dy、Er、Y、Yb。  相似文献   

4.
改性土壤对水中苄黄隆的吸附行为研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究了季铵盐阳离子表面活性荆四甲基铵离子(TMA)和十六烷基三甲基铵离子(HDTMA)改性的黄土l,黄土2,沉积物对水中苄黄隆的吸附作用.结果表明:改性后土壤对苄黄隆的吸附能力提高.同时考察了改性土壤对苄黄隆吸附的热力学行为.结果表明:HDTMA改性的土壤对苄黄隆的吸附等温线为线性,吸附类型以分配为主.HDTMA改性黄土1吸附热为-6.12kJ/mol,HDTMA改性黄土2的吸附热为-8.44kJ/mol。HDTMA改性沉积物的吸附热为-4.04kJ/mol.结合力以疏水作用力为主:TMA改性的土壤对苄黄隆的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程.考察了溶液pH对吸附量的影响.结果表明在酸性条件下.改性土壤的吸附能力较大.  相似文献   

5.
壳聚糖经双氧水降解得到低分子量壳聚糖,用水杨醛对低分子量壳聚糖进行化学改性得到其相应的衍生物.分别研究了壳聚糖和水杨醛改性的低分子量壳聚糖对锆(Ⅳ)离子的吸附,考察了锆(Ⅳ)离子起始浓度、溶液pH值、吸附时间以及温度对这两种吸附剂吸附锆(Ⅳ)离子性能的影响,得出了最佳吸附条件.用红外对最佳条件下的吸附产物进行了表征.结果表明,壳聚糖吸附锆离子的最佳条件为:锆(Ⅳ)离子的起始浓度为6.5×10-4g/mL,振摇时间为6.5h,pH值为5~6;水杨醛改性的低分子量壳聚糖吸附锆离子的最佳条件为:锆离子的起始浓度为4.7×10-4g/mL,振摇时间为5h,pH值为5~6.这两种吸附剂对锆(Ⅳ)离子的吸附受温度影响均不大,吸附行为均满足Langmuir等温式.红外光谱分析表明,锆(Ⅳ)离子与这两种吸附剂均发生了配位作用.  相似文献   

6.
焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝对水中氟离子的吸附性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究了焙烧层状氢氧化镁铝(CLDH)对水中氟离子的吸附性能,考察了焙烧温度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量、溶液pH值等条件对吸附的影响.发现在较宽的pH(5.5~9.5)值范围内,CLDH对水中氟离子具有良好的吸附能力,室温下0.2gCLDH可将50mL浓度为15mg/L氟离子溶液处理为符合含氟标准的饮用水.吸附平衡符合Langmuir方程,在60min内达到饱和吸附,室温下饱和吸附量为22.64 mg/g.吸附饱和后的CLDH焙烧再生,循环使用5次后饱和吸附量为10.37 mg/g.  相似文献   

7.
庚醛改性壳聚糖的制备及其对酚类化合物的吸附性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在相转移催化剂存在下由庚醛与壳聚糖反应生成Schiff's碱,再用NaBH4 还原制备了N-烷基化壳聚糖衍生物,改性壳聚糖(CTS)产物的结构用FTIR和XRD进行了表征,研究了它对2,4-二氯酚的吸附性能. 考察了吸附时间、溶液pH值、2,4-二氯酚浓度和改性剂用量等因素对吸附的影响. 结果表明,改性CTS具有较好的抗酸碱性能;溶液的pH值对吸附的影响较大,在pH=6.0,吸附2 h时对2,4-二氯酚的吸附量最大,酚浓度对吸附的影响符合Freundlich吸附等温方程;改性壳聚糖对2,4-二氯酚的吸附性能明显优于未改性的CTS,对质量浓度为0.6 g/L的2,4-二氯酚溶液的吸附量分别为70.0和7.7 mg/g.  相似文献   

8.
功能化介孔硅分子筛吸附剂除磷性能的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别在甲基二甲氧基硅烷改性介孔分子筛MCM41上锚定Al和Fe离子,成功制备了功能化的介孔硅分子筛有机/无机杂化吸附剂Al-NN-MCM41和Fe-NN-MCM41。详细考察了磷溶液初始浓度、吸附时间,溶液pH值和共存离子等对吸附剂磷吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明:Langmiur等温方程比Freundlich等温方程能更好地描述磷酸根离子在两种吸附剂上的吸附,两种吸附剂的吸附动力学过程更适合动力学准二级方程(r20.99)。磷溶液的pH值对吸附剂的磷吸附容量有显著影响。此外,同时添加NO33-、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-四种共存离子对吸附剂磷吸附效率没有显著影响。  相似文献   

9.
改性凹凸棒土对Mo(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了改性凹凸棒土吸附Mo(Ⅵ)的性能和机理,探讨了Mo(Ⅵ)溶液的起始浓度、pH值、吸附时间以及温度对此吸附剂吸附Mo(Ⅵ)性能的影响,得出了适宜的吸附条件.用红外对适宜条件下的吸附产物进行了表征.结果表明:改性凹凸棒土吸附Mo(Ⅵ)的适宜条件为:Mo(Ⅵ)溶液初始浓度1.86 mg·L-1,pH值2.20,时间20 min,温度35 ℃.改性凹凸棒土与MoO42-离子间通过静电作用(化学吸附)以及物理吸附相结合.  相似文献   

10.
魏燕芳 《广州化学》2010,35(4):29-34
用壳聚糖包埋磁流体,用戊二醛交联制成磁性壳聚糖微球,并用红外光谱表征其结构。用制备的磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子,考察了其对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附性能;探讨了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、温度、Cr(Ⅵ)起始浓度以及其他离子存在对Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明,磁性壳聚糖微球吸附Cr(Ⅵ)离子的最佳条件为:吸附平衡时间40 min,最佳吸附pH值6左右,磁性壳聚糖微球用量10 mg,温度升高有利于提高磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附效率,Cr(Ⅵ)离子起始质量浓度为12μg/mL,无机盐的存在引起磁性壳聚糖微球的吸附性能降低。并且考察了吸附剂的再生性能,实验结果表明磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的重复使用性。  相似文献   

11.
By reaction of hydrated rare earths chlorides (M = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Y) with orthoformates, the following adducts have been prepared: MCl3· 4MeOH, MCl3 ·3EtOH (M = La, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb), MCl4 · 4 EtOH (M = Dy, Er, Y); adducts MCl3 · 3iso-PrOH have been prepared by successive action of methyl orthoformate and of 2-propanol. The solubilities of these adducts in the corresponding alcohols at 25° (for the lanthanum adducts equally at 0 and 50°) are given. Two examples of the transsolvatation of these compounds, yielding adducts with weakligands, are described.  相似文献   

12.
Mixed systems of a series of rare earth metals such as La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Yb and their low-valent rare earth diiodides exhibit excellent reducing ability toward the reductive deiodation from 1-iodododecane as a model compound compared with their single systems. More importantly, under photoirradiation conditions, the C-I bond reduction using ‘Ln/LnI2’ takes place efficiently in refluxing THF, even in the cases of heavy rare earths such as Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm.  相似文献   

13.
In the described analysis of mineral waters, after the throughflow of the sample through a column with Dowex 50 WX 12 in H+ form, the main cations are first eluted by 1.6 N HCl and then the rare earths by 6 N HCl. The latter are separated by ion-exchange chromatography on Dowex 50WX8 in NH4 + form, the elution being performed with ammonium citrate pH 4.19. The presence of rare earths in the eluate was ascertained spectrophotometrically by means of their reaction with xylenol orange in the presence of cetylpyridinium bromide. In mineral waters from the West-Bohemian spa region it was possible to find traces of trivalent La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm + Gd, Y, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometric and Direct Current Arc-Emission Spectrometric methods have been developed for the determination of rare earths in nuclear grade graphite. The graphite matrix was selectively removed from the analytes by controlled heating in air at 900°C in a muffle furnace. The residual ash containing analytes was dissolved and analysed by ICP-AES for rare earths specially required for assessing the nuclear purity, viz. Dy, Eu, Gd and Sm and for all rare earths, Sc and Y by D.C.arc-AES by photographing their spectra in III order on an 3.4 M Ebert Spectrograph. The recovery of rare earths after ashing was confirmed using -activities of141Ce,152–154Eu,153Gd,170Tm and169Yb which was found to be quantitative within experimental error.
Bestimmung von Sc, Y und Lanthaniden in nuklear-reinem Graphit mit Hilfe der ICP-AES und der Gleichstrombogen-Spektrometrie
  相似文献   

15.
Dynamic differential calorimetry has been employed to evaluate the heats of formation, heats and entropies of fusion of RESn2 compounds, where rate earths (RE) La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Eu, Yb and Ca. The results obtained have been estimated to be correct to within ±5–6%. The agreement between these values and those obtained from other authors can be taken as an indication of the reliability of the method.  相似文献   

16.
Complexes of lanthanide nitrates (La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Er, and Yb) with tetraethyl and tetraisopropyl esters of bromomethylenediphosphonic acid were prepared. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and, in some cases, NMR. The data confirm that diphosphonates coordinate with two P[dbnd]O groups, and there are no indications for the existence of noncoordinated P[dbnd]O groups. The structure of the complexes depends only on the ionic radius of the central metal atom and not on changes in the electronic or steric behavior of the ester groups. For the complexes of La, Ce, Sm, and Gd nitrates, the formula is LnL2(NO3)3, and for Er and Yb nitrates it is Ln2L3(NO3)6 (Ln[dbnd]La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Er, Yb; L = diphosphonate).  相似文献   

17.
The complexes of N-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthalidene)anthranilic acid abbreviated (H2NA) with some trivalent rare earth elements (Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb) were prepared. The complexes were characterized by chemical and thermal analysis, ir and conductimetric methods. Two types of ionic complexes; Ln(HNA)2OH·2H2O with Dy, Er and Yb, and Ln(HNA)2OH with Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd were isolated. Coordination of the ligand with metal-ions occurs through the carboxy group and the nitrogen atom. The acid dissociation constants K1 and K2 of H2NA and the overall stability constants β1 and β2 of some lanthanide complexes in 75% (v/v) dioxan-water solutions were determined by the potentiometric method.  相似文献   

18.
Rare earth elements are determined, with ppb sensitivity, by radiochemical activation analysis using a fusion dissolution process and a quantitative group separation scheme, followed by radioassaying. Spectral interference is avoided, or corrected for, by repeating the counting operation with a delay of four to six weeks. This allows for the decay of shorter lived interfering isotopes such as155Eu on160Tb and175Yb on141Ce. The scheme is rapid, sensitive and uses standard radiochemical laboratory facilities and counters. It has been applied to a wide range of rocks and minerals and data for eleven rare earths (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Tm, Yb and Lu) is presented here and compared with literature values.  相似文献   

19.
Zusammenfassung Die Extraktion von Pr, Gd und Yb mit Tri-n-butylphosphinoxid in salpetersaurem bzw. perchlorsaurem Medium wurde untersucht. Die Nitrate von Pr, Gd und Yb bilden in der organischen Phase Trisolvate, die Perchlorate von Pr und Gd dagegen Pentasolvate. Beim Perchlorat des Yb wird wahrscheinlich außer dem Pentasolvat auch ein Tetrasolvat gebildet. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden durch Einschluß von einem oder zwei Perchlorationen in die innere Koordinationssphäre gedeutet.
Extraction of rare earths with tri-n-butyl phosphin oxides
The extraction of Pr, Gd, and Yb with tri-n-butylphosphineoxide in nitric acid and perchloric acid medium has been investigated. The nitrates of Pr, Gd, and Yb form trisolvates in the organic phase, whereas the perchlorates of Pr and Gd give pentasolvates. Besides the pentasolvate, Yb perchlorate forms presumably a tetrasolvate as well. The results obtained are interpreted by the inclusion of one or two perchlorate ions in the inner coordination sphere.
  相似文献   

20.
Reactions of the oxide sulphates M2IIIO2SO4 of La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb and Y with hydrogen chloride between 450 and 600°C are described. The temperature dependence of reaction course is comparable with that of rare earth's oxides reactions with hydrogen chloride.  相似文献   

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