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邻苯二甲酰亚胺羧酸酯的自由基脱羧是产生碳自由基的一类重要方法. 开发了一类路易斯碱-硼自由基促进的邻苯二甲酰亚胺羧酸酯的自由基脱羧新方式, 产生的烷基自由基经过加成到缺电子烯烃上或者进一步还原得到Giese反应和Barton脱羧产物. 该反应条件温和, 适用范围广泛, 多种一级、二级和三级烷基羧酸包括具有生物活性的天然产物和药物分子都能够较好地适用, 为邻苯二甲酰亚胺羧酸酯的自由基脱羧提供了无过渡金属参与的具有普适性的新方式. 相似文献
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羧酸自由基及烷氧自由基等氧自由基是有机合成中的重要中间体,近些年通过可见光引发的氧化还原反应产生此类自由基的研究取得重要进展.本综述文章将聚焦于羧酸衍生物及羧酸作为羧酸自由基前体,醇衍生物及醇作为烷氧自由基前体,在光催化氧化还原条件下发生单电子转移产生氧自由基的新型方式,并将简单介绍其后续反应. 相似文献
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在荧光染料与镍协同催化下,以N-苯甲酰基琥珀酰亚胺类化合物为羰基化试剂,实现了α-氨基酸的脱羧羰基化反应.该反应以较好的收率(最高可达78%)合成了16种含α-氨基酮的衍生物,光转化效率最高可达3.25×10-1mmol/(kW·h).此外,提出了该光催化反应的可能机理:α-氨基羧酸在可见光催化下生成α-氨基烷基自由基,并进入镍催化循环中,经过氧化加成和还原消除过程后生成α-氨基酮类化合物.该反应可以在温和条件下合成不同种类的α-氨基酮类化合物,显示了良好的底物适应性,可能在含有α-氨基酮的药物分子合成及肽的化学修饰等方面具有很广泛的应用价值. 相似文献
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本工作利用可见光催化剂和Lewis酸双催化体系,在可见光条件下实现了重氮乙酸乙酯与苯胺衍生物或氮杂芳烃的N-烷基化反应,合成了一系列α-氨基酸类化合物.该反应条件温和,有良好的官能团兼容性和底物普适性.机理验证实验证明该反应涉及了自由基机理,由重氮烷在光催化剂作用下通过proton-coupledelectrontransfer(PCET)过程形成了烷基自由基,并在Lewis酸催化作用下与胺发生自由基偶联反应形成N-烷基化产物.这种新的催化机制进一步丰富了重氮化合物在可见光化学反应中的应用类型与范围. 相似文献
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有机硼酸和硼酸酯化合物是以Suzuki-Miyaura偶联为代表的多种重要化学反应的底物.发展有机硼化合物的高效合成方法具有重要意义.近十年来,基于自由基机理的有机硼酯化反应得以发展,并迅速成为高效构建碳硼键的一类重要方法.自由基硼酯化反应的一般策略为:利用不同反应条件产生的碳自由基活泼中间体与联硼化合物反应,生成相应的有机硼酸或硼酸酯.本文根据反应产生的碳自由基种类的不同,将硼酯化反应分为基于芳基自由基和基于烷基自由基两大部分.各部分依据自由基前体种类的不同,又具体分为基于碳氮、碳氧、碳卤等化学键的硼酯化反应以及羧酸脱羧硼酯化反应.最后,我们进一步总结分析了未来自由基硼酯化反应的研究趋势. 相似文献
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The ortho-olefination of benzoic acids can be achieved effectively through rhodium-catalyzed oxidative coupling with alkenes. The carboxylic group is readily removable to allow ortho-olefination/decarboxylation in one pot. α,β-Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methacrylic acid also undergo the olefination at the β-position. Under the rhodium catalysis, the cine-olefination of heteroarene carboxylic acids such as thiophene-2-carboxylic acid proceeds smoothly accompanied by decarboxylation to selectively produce the corresponding vinylheteroarene derivatives. 相似文献
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Visible‐Light‐Induced Decarboxylative Functionalization of Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Jun Xuan Prof. Dr. Zhao‐Guo Zhang Prof. Dr. Wen‐Jing Xiao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2015,54(52):15632-15641
Visible‐light‐induced radical decarboxylative functionalization of carboxylic acids and their derivatives has recently received considerable attention as a novel and efficient method to create C? C and C? X bonds. Generally, this visible‐light‐promoted decarboxylation process can smoothly occur under mild reaction conditions with a broad range of substrates and an excellent functional‐group tolerance. The radical species formed from the decarboxylation step can participate in not only single photocatalytic transformations, but also dual‐catalytic cross‐coupling reactions by combining photoredox catalysis with other catalytic processes. Recent advances in this research area are discussed herein. 相似文献
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K. C. Rajanna N. Maasi Reddy M. Rajender Reddy P. K. Saiprakash 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(4):613-616
A Novel Hunsdiecker‐Borodin reaction (HBR) has been carried out efficiently with α,β‐unsaturated aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids by using N‐halo succinimides such as N‐chloro succinimide (NCS), N‐bromo succinimide (NBS), and N‐iodo succinimide (NIS) under micellar media. The reaction with α,β‐unsaturated aromatic carboxylic acids afforded β‐halo styrenes in excellent yield while α,β‐unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids underwent decarboxylation and to give corresponding halo derivatives. The reactions are dramatically accelerated in micellar media. This procedure works efficiently in CTAB (cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), and TX (Triton‐X‐100) media under stirred conditions at room temperature. At reflux temperatures the yield of reaction products were further enhanced from good to excellent. 相似文献
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Kandasamy Jothivenkatachalam Singaravelu Chandra Mohan Paramasivan Natarajan 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2013,39(7):3371-3386
Cobalt(III) ammine complexes coordinated to carboxylic acids are classic examples showing photoredox reactions originating from the ligand to metal charge transfer excited states. Cobalt(III) pentaammine complexes coordinated to unsaturated carboxylic acids as ligands were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods. The photolysis of these complexes produces a carboxylate free radical. This free radical undergoes further transformation to form organic photoproducts. The organic photoproducts were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The nature of the decomposition products from the organic photoproduct was examined in detail. The quantum yields were also determined. The photochemical reactions have the potential to produce novel compounds from the decarboxylation of unsaturated acids, which shows interesting reaction pathways. 相似文献
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Hexafluoropropene reacts with aromatic azine N-oxides under mild conditions to produce fluorides of 2-heteroarylperfluoropropionic acids. The reaction proceeds as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition followed by spontaneous scission of the N--O bond in the isoxazolidine ring and elimination of HF. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of alcohols or N-alkyl anilines, the in situ formed acyl fluorides give the corresponding esters and amides. They can be also treated separately with nucleophiles to produce the respective acylation products, whereas their hydrolysis leads to unstable carboxylic acids that undergo spontaneous decarboxylation to 1-aryl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethanes. This new reaction provides a simple and general method of synthesizing 2-heteroarylperfluoropropionic acid derivatives that were previously unknown and unavailable. 相似文献
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Masanari Kimura 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(14):1295-1300
β-Keto carboxylic acids are key intermediates in organic syntheses, used for the development of fine chemicals, natural products, and various biologically relevant molecules. Their utilities stem from the structural features and facile bond formations, e.g., asymmetric reduction of carbonyl groups for the synthesis of β-hydroxy carboxylic acids and conjugated addition reactions through decarboxylative enolate nucleophiles, which utilize the amphiphilic reactivity of β-keto carboxylic acids. Despite their versatility and utilities, development of efficient and straightforward synthetic methods for β-keto carboxylic acids has not attracted considerable attention owing to their instability. As efficient synthetic strategies for β-keto carboxylic acids and their derivatives, reactions of α-diazoesters, acylation of malonate anions, cross-coupling reactions, and CO2 insertion reactions are summarized in this review. 相似文献
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Tuhin Patra Satobhisha Mukherjee Jiajia Ma Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff Frank Glorius 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,131(31):10624-10630
Despite significant progress in aliphatic decarboxylation, an efficient and general protocol for radical aromatic decarboxylation has lagged far behind. Herein, we describe a general strategy for rapid access to both aryl and alkyl radicals by photosensitized decarboxylation of the corresponding carboxylic acids esters followed by their successive use in divergent carbon–heteroatom and carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions. Identification of a suitable activator for carboxylic acids is the key to bypass a competing single‐electron‐transfer mechanism and “switch on” an energy‐transfer‐mediated homolysis of unsymmetrical σ‐bonds for a concerted fragmentation/decarboxylation process. 相似文献
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Dr. Velayudham Ramadoss Yue Zheng Xiaoqing Shao Dr. Lifang Tian Prof. Yahui Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2021,27(10):3213-3228
Owing to their non-toxic, stable, inexpensive properties, carboxylic acids are considered as environmentally benign alternatives as coupling partners in various organic transformations. Electrochemical mediated decarboxylation of carboxylic acid has emerged as a new and efficient methodology for the construction of carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bonds. Compared with transition-metal catalysis and photoredox catalysis, electro-organic decarboxylative transformations are considered as a green and sustainable protocol due to the absence of chemical oxidants and strong bases. Further, it exhibits good tolerance with various functional groups. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent advances and discoveries on the electrochemical decarboxylative transformations on C−C and C−heteroatoms bond formations. 相似文献
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K. Heusler 《Helvetica chimica acta》1969,52(6):1520-1525
The competitive thermal oxidation of a 6β-hydroxy steroid (to a 6β, 19-ether) and the thermal oxidative decarboxylation of various carboxylic acids by lead4+ was investigated. The alcohol oxidation is faster than acetate and benzoate oxidation, about as fast as the oxidative decarboxylation of higher primary carboxylic acids (propionic, butyric acid), and much slower than the oxidative decarboxylation of secondary and tertiary carboxylic acids. 相似文献
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Zhen Weng Xiuyuan Ni Dan Yang Jiao Wang Weikang Chen 《Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. A, Chemistry》2009,201(2-3):151-156
Polymerizations of vinyl acetate are photocatalyzed by TiO2 nanoparticles in presence of carboxylic acids including propionic acid, n-butyric acid and pivalic acid. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis using 13C-labeled n-butyric acid as the probing molecule demonstrates that the polymerization of vinyl acetate is initiated by alkyl radicals generated from photocatalytic decarboxylation of the carboxylic acid. A universal mechanism is established with extending the photo-Kolbe reaction from acetic acid to the carboxylic acids with longer chains. Kinetics studies find that n-butyric acid has higher initiation rate than acetic acid, indicating more efficient decarboxylation for butyric acid than acetic acid in their aqueous solutions. It is proved that carboxylates participate in the decarboxylation. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectra are obtained with aqueous solutions of the carboxylic acids in contact with a layer of the TiO2 nanoparticles, and the observations are discussed with respect to the interaction between the TiO2 and carboxylic acids. 相似文献