羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及性能研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMC)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,京尼平(GP)为交联剂,制备具有pH敏感性的CMC/SA半互穿网络(semi-IPN)水凝胶.利用特性黏数、红外光谱对CMC/SA水凝胶的半互穿网络结构及形成机理进行了分析与表征;对水凝胶的力学性能进行了测试;探讨了pH值及交联剂含量对水凝胶溶胀性能的影响.结果表明,京尼平交联的CMC/SA水凝胶具有半互穿网络结构.当w(CMC)∶w(SA)=5∶5时,CMC/SA水凝胶的断裂强度达到最大值(59 MPa),分别比纯的CMC(40 MPa)和SA(36 MPa)提高了47.5%和63.9%;当SA含量为60%时,CMC/SA水凝胶的断裂伸长率达到最大值(13.0%).当pH3.0时,溶胀率随pH值的增大而减小,pH=3.0时,溶胀率最小(186%);当pH3.0时,溶胀率随pH值的增大而增大,pH=9.0时,溶胀率最大(886%).京尼平交联的CMC/SA半互穿网络水凝胶具有明显的pH敏感性、溶胀可逆性及对pH的快速响应性.     

P(NIPAAm-co-Aam)共聚凝胶和PAAc/P(NIPAAm-co-Aam) IPN凝胶的溶胀与释药性能

P(NIPAAm-co-Aam)共聚凝胶和PAAc/P(NIPAAm-co-Aam) IPN凝胶的溶胀与释药性能;N-异丙基丙烯酰胺;丙烯酰胺;丙烯酸;共聚;互穿聚合物网络;水凝胶;溶胀;释药     

温度和pH敏感P（NIPA／AA）／黏土互穿网络水凝胶的辐射合成与表征

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPA)和丙烯酸(AA)为聚合单体、有机黏土作为改性剂,采用60Co-γ射线为放射源,辐射合成了P(NIPA/AA)/黏土互穿网络(IPN)水凝胶,研究了IPN的表面形貌以及AA浓度、黏土对水凝胶溶胀性能和压缩性能的影响.SEM电镜观察表明:P(NIPA/AA)共聚水凝胶的表面致密,没有明显相分离,而IPN凝胶表面疏松多孔且非连续,有明显的相分离,形成了较好的IPN结构.P(NIPA/AA)IPN水凝胶在碱性和弱碱性溶液中的溶胀率高,且其溶胀速率由网络中高分子链的松弛运动控制;而在酸性介质中,水分子的扩散为水凝胶溶胀的决定过程.P(NIPA/AA)IPN水凝胶具有良好的力学性能,加入黏土后凝胶的压缩性能参数均有不同程度的提高,水凝胶受压时只发生塑性变形,没有被破坏.     

海藻酸钠和聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺半互穿网络水凝胶的溶胀动力学研究

以海藻酸钠 (SA)和N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 (NIPAM)为原料 ,制备出具有温度敏感性的半互穿网络水凝胶 (SA PNIPAMsemi IPN) .主要研究了海藻酸钠用量、水介质温度及pH值对该凝胶溶胀速率的影响 .结果表明 ,在PNIPAM最低临界溶解温度 (LCST)以下 ,该凝胶的溶胀速率随着凝胶网络中SA组分的增加而增大 ,且溶胀速率取决于高分子链的松弛速率 ;pH对凝胶溶胀速率的影响与温度有关 ,温度对溶胀速率的影响与pH有关 .     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)/聚丙烯酰胺无机/有机互穿网络水凝胶的制备及表征

通过紫外引发聚合方法制备了无机交联的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)/有机交联的聚丙烯酰胺(PAAm)互穿网络(IPN)水凝胶.利用FTIR和SEM分别表征了凝胶的化学结构和内部形态;测定了凝胶在高温(50℃)时的退溶胀性能;利用DMA和DSC分别研究了凝胶的储能模量随温度的变化及热相转变行为.研究表明,该IPN凝胶具有温度敏感性;与未互穿的无机交联PNIPAAm凝胶相比,IPN凝胶具有多孔的网络结构和超快的响应速率,如10min内失去90%的水;其储能模量增加了3～4倍,相转变行为变弱,而最低临界溶解温度(LCST)提高了1.4℃.     

海藻酸钠/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)半互穿网络水凝胶的制备及性能研究

由海藻酸钠(SA)和聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAAm)制得的半互穿网络水凝胶具有温度及pH敏感特性。在酸性(pH=1.3)和弱碱性条件(pH=7．4)下，研究了温度对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，该凝胶溶胀度均随着温度的提高而下降，但在pH=1．3时，溶胀度小于PNIPAAm水凝胶的；在pH=7．4时，结果正好相反。在25℃和37℃的条件下，分别考察pH对该凝胶溶胀度的影响，结果表明，在25℃时该凝胶有良好的pH敏感性，而在37℃时，敏感性不明显。同时也发现该凝胶对pH、温度的脉冲刺激有较快的响应性。     

聚丙烯酰胺/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺互穿网络水凝胶的制备与性能(英文)

采用分步法用电子加速器辐射合成了聚丙烯酰胺(PAAm)/聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)互穿网络水凝胶,并考察了温度、pH值、离子强度对其溶胀性能的影响.研究表明:互穿水凝胶具有温度敏感性,且其体积相变与互穿网络中PAAm和PNIPAAm含量有关,随着网络中PAAm含量的增加水凝胶的体积相变趋于平缓,可以通过改变PAAm和PNIPAAm的组成比来控制水凝胶的体积相变行为.此外,互穿水凝胶还具有pH敏感性和一定的抗盐性.     

PVA-PAMPS-PAA三元互穿网络型水凝胶的合成及其性能研究

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酸(AA)以及聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料,制备了PVA-PAMPS-PAA三元互穿网络型(T-IPN)水凝胶.红外分析表明,PVA与PAA以及PAMPS之间形成了较强的氢键,使得PVA分子上的C—O伸缩震动吸收峰移向了低波数处.X射线衍射以及电镜分析表明,当PVA用量较低时,PVA能均匀的穿插于凝胶网络中,形成完善的互穿网络结构,当PVA用量过高时,部分的PVA结晶而使得凝胶出现相分离.研究了该三元互穿网络型水凝胶的溶胀性能,结果表明,该水凝胶的平衡溶胀比在200至340之间,并且随着AA以及AMPS用量的增加,凝胶的溶胀速率以及平衡溶胀比均升高.该三元互穿网络型水凝胶在酸性溶液中和在碱性溶液中表现出截然不同的消溶胀性能;并且随着溶液pH的升高,凝胶在pH=9.0附近出现体积突变,表现出pH敏感性.通过研究T-IPN水凝胶的抗压缩性能发现,利用线型高分子、柔性高分子网络以及刚性高分子网络制备的三元互穿网络型水凝胶能在高溶胀比下保持较高的强度.溶胀比为180的T-IPN水凝胶,其最大抗压缩强度可达12.1 MPa.进一步研究发现,凝胶的组成以及溶胀比均对凝胶的抗压缩强度和压缩应变均存在较大的影响.     

丝胶基半互穿温敏凝胶的合成及其溶胀行为的研究

采用半互穿网络技术,将具有生物相容性的丝胶蛋白(silk sericin)作为第二网络进入聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)(PNIPAM)水凝胶网络中,在水溶液中制备得到具有半互穿网络结构的丝胶基温敏水凝胶(SS/PNIPAM semi-IPNs).采用称重法研究了产物的(消)溶胀、温度敏感性、最大溶胀度及脉冲响应行为;利用扫描电镜(SEM),差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和动态热机械分析仪(DMA)分别考察了产物的内部形态、热相转变行为和其储能模量随温度的变化.结果表明:具有较高亲水性的丝胶蛋白的引入增大了semi-IPNs水凝胶的内部孔径,导致SS/PNIPAM半互穿水凝胶的溶胀度增加,并且其储能模量随温度变化更明显.相比于纯PNIPAM水凝胶,半互穿水凝胶的消溶胀速率和低临界溶解温度(LCST)变化不大.     

磁性半互穿网络智能水凝胶的合成及性质评价

以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,利用IPN技术并结合磁性的γ-Fe2O3增强剂,在水溶液中制备了半互穿网络水凝胶(PMAA/PAM-NIPAAm/γ-Fe2O3),研究了水凝胶的溶胀性﹑热稳定性和电磁性。实验表明,水凝胶形成稳定的IPN互穿网络结构且该水凝胶具温度、pH双重敏感性和顺电磁性。所合成的水凝胶在低临界溶解温度31℃以下,具有明显正向温敏性,高于此温度,水凝胶的温度敏感性会逐渐减弱。产品成功克服了NIPAAm类水凝胶的温缩性。     

Swelling Behavior of Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Poly(acryl amide)

Semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) composed of chitosan and polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels have been prepared, and the effect of changing pH, temperature, ionic concentration, and applied electric fields on the swelling of the hydrogels was investigated. The swelling kinetics increased rapidly, reaching equilibrium within 60 min. The semi‐IPN hydrogels exhibited a relatively high swelling ratios of 385%–569% at T=25°C. The swelling ratio increased with decreasing pH below pH=7 due to the dissociation of ionic bonds. The swelling ratio of the semi‐IPN hydrogels was pH, ionic concentration, temperature, and electric field dependent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the volume of free water in the semi‐IPN hydrogels, which was found to increase with increasing PAAm content.     

Temperature-pH Sensitive IPN Hydrogels Composed of Silk Sericin and Poly （N-isopropylacrylamide）

In recent years IPN hydrogels have been attracted attentions as biomedical materials1-3. Among which poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was frequently used to impart temperature responsive function4, 5. Many of the second components were introduced for…     

Dual temperature‐ and pH‐sensitive hydrogels from interpenetrating networks and copolymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide and sodium acrylate

Hydrogels responsive to both temperature and pH have been synthesized in the forms of sequential interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and sodium acrylate (SA) and compared with the crosslinked random copolymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide and SA. Whereas the stimuli‐sensitive behaviors of copolymer hydrogels were strongly dependent on the ionic SA contents, the IPN hydrogels exhibited independent swelling and thermal behaviors of each network component. The sequences and media in the synthesis of IPNs influenced the swelling capacities of the IPNs, but not the temperature or pH ranges at which the swelling changes occurred. In IPNs, a more expanded primary gel network during the synthesis of the secondary network contributed to the better swelling of the final IPNs. Both the swelling and thermal behaviors of the IPNs suggest that poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) and poly(sodium acrylate) are phase separated regardless of their synthesis conditions. The presence of the poly(sodium acrylate) network did not influence the temperature or the extent of phase transition of the poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) network in the IPNs, but did improve the thermal stability of the IPNs. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 3293–3301, 2004     

Effect of Sodium Alginate on the Properties of Thermosensitive Hydrogels

Sodium alginate (SA ) was combined with poly(N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm ) to prepare thermosensitive hydrogels through semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN ) and fully interpenetrating polymer network (full‐IPN ). The thermosensitive, swelling, mechanical, and thermal properties of pure PNIPAAm , SA /PNIPAAm semi‐IPN , and Ca‐alginate/PNIPAAm full‐IPN hydrogels were investigated. The formation of semi‐IPN and full‐IPN significantly improved the hydrogels’ swelling capability and mechanical properties without altering their thermosensitivity. 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐Fu) was selected as a model drug to study the release behaviors of the hydrogels. It was found that in vitro controlled drug release from semi‐IPN hydrogels showed an initial release burst, followed by a slower and sustained release, before reaching equilibrium. Full‐IPN hydrogels showed slow and sustained release during the whole process. Temperature and pH were found to affect the rate of drug release. Ca‐alginate/PNIPAAm full‐IPN hydrogels have potential application as drug delivery matrices in controlled drug release.     

Radiation synthesis of acrylic acid/polyethyleneimine interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) hydrogels and its application as a carrier of atorvastatin drug for controlling cholesterol

Gamma irradiation was used to form interpenetrating polymer networks structure (IPNs) hydrogels based on different ratios of acrylic acid monomer (AAc) and polyethyleneimine (PEI). The property-behavior was characterized by IR spectroscopy, gel content, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and swelling in water at room temperature and different pH values. The AAc/PEI hydrogels were used as a carrier for atorvastatin drug, in which the uptake-release character was studied. The results showed that the gel content of AAc/PEI hydrogels decreased greatly with increasing the ratio of PEI in the initial feeding solution. The AAc/PEI hydrogels displayed pH-sensitive character. The drug uptake-release study indicated that AAc/PEI hydrogels possessed controlled release behavior and that the release process depends on pH. In this respect, the release of atorvastatin drug was significant in acidic medium.     

Investigation of swelling,drug release and diffusion behaviors of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/poly (N‐vinylpyrrolidone) full‐IPN hydrogels

The synthesis of sequential full interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on poly (N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) and negatively charged poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PNVP) was described and their swelling, drug release, and diffusion studies were investigated. PNIPAAm was used as a host network. According to swelling experiments, IPNs gave relatively lower swelling ratios compared to PNIPAAm hydrogel due to the higher cross‐linking density. Lidocaine (LD) was used as a model drug for the investigation of drug release behavior of IPNs. LD uptake of the IPNs were found to increase from 24 to 166 (mg LD / g dry gel) with increasing amount of PNIPAAm and AMPS contents in the IPN structure. It was observed that the specific interaction between drug and AMPS co‐monomer influenced the drug release profile. In the diffusion transport mechanism study in water, the results indicated that the swelling exponents n for all IPNs are in the range from 0.50 to 0.72. This implies that the swelling transport mechanism was transferred from Fickian to non‐Fickian transport, with increasing AMPS content and NIPAAm character in the IPN structure. In addition, diffusion of LD within the IPNs showed similar trend. The incorporation of AMPS leads to an increase in electrostatic interaction between charge sites on carboxylate ions and cationic LD molecules. Therefore, the highest diffusion coefficient (D) of drug was found for IPN2 sample. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Swelling Kinetics of Interpenetrating Polymer Hydrogels Composed of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Chitosan

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan were prepared by UV irradiation. The swelling behavior of the IPN hydrogels was studied by immersion of the films in deionized water at various temperatures and in buffer solutions at various pHs. IPN3 exhibited a relatively high swelling ratio. The swelling ratio increased with an increase in the content of chitosan and were higher in acidic rather than in alkaline pHs. The overall swelling process was anomalous diffusion due to polymer relaxation. The diffusion coefficient values increased with an increase in temperature and the content of chitosan.     

High performance of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels induced by frontal polymerization

We report the rapid synthesis of hydrogels with interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) by frontal polymerization (FP). Appropriate amounts of diacetone acrylamide (DAAM), N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), and ammonium persulfate (APS)/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) were mixed together at ambient temperature. FP was initiated by transitorily heating the upper side of the reactants, and poly(DAAM-co-NMA)/TPU IPN hydrogels were obtained within minutes. The preparation parameters were thoroughly investigated. Moreover, we investigated the morphology, swelling capacity, chemical structure and the mechanical properties of poly(DAAM-co-NMA)/TPU IPN hydrogels, along with those of poly(DAAM-co-NMA) hydrogels without IPN structure for comparison. Interestingly, the mechanical strength of poly(DAAM-co-NMA)/TPU IPN hydrogels is notably improved in comparison with that of poly(DAAM-co-NMA) hydrogels. The results indicate that the IPN structure endows hydrogels with high mechanical strength, and FP can be applied as an alternative means for synthesis of IPN hydrogels with additional advantages of speed and efficiency.     

Synthesis and characterization of κ‐carrageenan/poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels with rapid response to temperature

In this study, a novel classical thermo‐ and salt‐sensitive semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogel composed of poly(N,N‐diethylacrylamide) (PDEAm) and κ‐carrageenan (KC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization. The structure of the hydrogels was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). FTIR and SEM revealed that the semi‐IPN hydrogels possessed the structure of H‐bonds and larger number of pores in the network. Compared to the PDEAm hydrogel, the prepared semi‐IPN hydrogels exhibited a much faster response rate to temperature changes and had larger equilibrium swelling ratios at temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST). The salt‐sensitive behavior of the semi‐IPN hydrogels was dependent on the content of KC. In addition, during the reswelling process, semi‐IPN hydrogels showed a non‐sigmoidal swelling pattern. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.