一种新的DNA探针-2-(N-二茂铁酰氨丙氧基)-6-氯-9-氨基吖啶的合成与性质

本文合成了一种含二茂铁侧基的DNA荧光探针-2-(N-二茂铁酰氨丙氧基)-6-氯-9-氨基吖啶, 并对该化合物的紫外可见光谱, 荧光光谱, NMR谱以及它和小牛胸腺DNA的作用与二茂铁侧基的吖啶作了比较和讨论。     

石墨电极固载DNA的一种新修饰方法

首次报道通过充石蜡石墨电极电化学氧化腐蚀制备的微孔穴电极，成功地用于 ss-DNA的固载和杂化反应，证明了这种微孔穴石墨充石蜡电极可以固载较多量的 ss-DNA（包括解链的小牛胸腺DNA和15-mer ss-DNA），可以成为性能良好的DNA杂 化探针。用Co(phen)_3~(3+)电化学指示剂和循环伏安方法，讨论了电极预氧化腐 蚀的时间和ss-DNA固载时间的影响，提出了DNA探针在微孔穴三维结构中固载的可 能机理。     

磁珠表面核酸探针的固定及电化学方法检测

报道了用戊二醛将氨基修饰的寡核苷酸探针固定于氨基磁珠表面制成核酸传感器，传感器与生物素标记的DNA杂交，再利用亲和素－生物素偶合系统，偶联上亲和素标记的碱性磷酸酶。碱性磷酸酶催化底物α-萘酚磷酸酯（α－NATP）水解形成具有电化学活性的α-萘酚，用示差脉冲伏安法测定杂交结果，本法测得短链DNA片断的浓度线性范围为10－1000μg/L；最低检测限为3μg/L。作者优化了相关的检测条件，并成功测定了乙型肝炎病毒HBV－DNA的片段。     

溴化乙锭标记DNA电化学探针的研究

以乙基－（３－二甲基丙基）碳化二亚胺盐酸盐（ＥＤＣ）为偶联活化剂,将电化学活性物质溴化锭（Ｅｔｈｉｄｉｕｍ ｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ,ＥＢ）成功地标记在人工合成的含有２１个碱基的寡聚ＤＮＡ片段上,制备成ＥＢ标记ＤＮＡ探针;用电主法将待测样品ＤＮＡ片段固定在石墨电极表面,在一定的温度,ＰＨ值和离子强度条件下与ＥＢ标记ＤＮＡ探针进行杂交反应,从而对靶序列ＤＮＡ片段进行识别和测定。此外,还讨论了该探针的电化学性质     

单链脱氧核糖核酸探针在氧化锆陶瓷小珠表面的微阵列及陶瓷荧光小珠的制备

以N－（4－马来酰亚胺氧化丁酰）－琥珀酰亚胺磺酸钠盐（sulfo-GMBS)为介剂将5′－氨基／3′－得克萨斯红双末端修饰DNA探针偶联到3－（2－氨乙基氨丙基）三甲氧基硅烷（AATS）修饰的300μmZrO2陶瓷小珠表面，制成荧光小珠，小珠表面上单链DNA探针分子之间的距离取决于小球表面的预处理、偶联以应溶液中DNA探针浓度，小珠大小和小珠的数目。在优化条件下，20-mer单链DNA探针在小珠表面微阵列的最小分子间距约为7．6nm，即在一个300μmZrO2陶瓷小珠表面有10^10数量级的20－mer单链DNA探针参与微阵列反应。机理研究表明：DNA探针通过sulfo-GMBS偶联到小珠表面的化学反应仅涉及到探针末端修饰氨基。     

二茂铁及其与DNA复合物的电化学行为

在Tris-NaCl(pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中, 应用循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法、旋转圆盘电极实验、电化学阻抗谱等技术研究了二茂铁在旋转碳纳米管(CNT)修饰电极上的电化学行为及其与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用. 结果表明, 二茂铁及其与双链DNA的电活性产物在静止的CNT修饰电极上均呈现一对基本可逆的氧化还原峰；在旋转电极上呈现出明显的极限扩散电流, 电化学阻抗谱呈现一个压扁的半圆. 二茂铁与DNA的作用在扩散控制过程中表现为峰电流和极限扩散电流随DNA浓度增大而减小；电化学控制过程则表现为电化学反应电阻随DNA浓度增大而增大, 条件电位下的速度常数也有一定程度的减小.     

2,9-二甲基-1,10-菲咯啉的dl-丙氨酸衍生物的合成表征及其镧(Ⅲ)配合物与 DNA作用光谱研究

以２,９－二甲基－１,１０－菲咯啉为初始原料,合成了２,９－二甲基－１,１０－菲咯啉的ｄｌ－丙氨酸衍生物：１,１０－菲咯啉－２,９－二亚甲基亚氨基－（２,２’－二甲基）二乙酸（Ｌ）。该配体经过元素分析。红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱表征。在 ２５±０．１℃、 Ｉ＝ ０．１ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ~（－３）ＮａＮＯ_３的条件下,用ｐＨ电位滴定法测定了该配体的质子化常数及其与Ｌａ（Ⅲ）的配合物的稳定常数。通过电子光谱研究了Ｌｂ（Ⅲ）的配合物与小牛胸腺 ＤＮＡ的相互作用。用溴化乙锭作为荧光探针研究了 Ｌａ（Ⅲ）－Ｌ配合物与小牛胸腺 ＤＮＡ的相互作用的过程。作为对比,也研究了 Ｌａ（Ⅲ）分别与１,１０－菲咯啉（Ｐｈｅｎ）、 ｄｌ－丙氨酸（ Ａｌａ）的配合物与小牛胸腺 ＤＮＡ的相互作用。结果表明 Ｌａ（Ⅲ）－Ｌ配合物与小牛胸腺ＤＮＡ作用既有共价键合,又有插入作用。     

基于三维有序金掺杂纳米二氧化钛的DNA生物传感器研究

用模板法在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极上制备具有三维有序多孔结构的金掺杂纳米二氧化钛修饰电极(3DOM GTD/ITO),扫描电镜(SEM)结果表明,制备的修饰电极三维结构规整有序、孔径均一。将标记有二茂铁(Fc)的DNA探针修饰到3DOM GTD/ITO电极上构建了一种新的标记型DNA生物传感器,通过Fc在DNA探针杂交前后的电化学信号变化可识别目标靶序列。采用循环伏安(CV)、示差脉冲(DPV)和交流阻抗(EIS)等方法对DNA探针在电极表面的固定和杂交进行表征。实验结果表明,该DNA生物传感器可以成功地识别乳腺癌基因靶序列,Fc的氧化还原电流与靶序列浓度在8.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内呈线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9908,检测限为5.2×10-7 mol/L。     

土霉素的电化学性质及其与DNA相互作用的研究

研究了土霉素在玻碳电极上的电化学行为。并利用电化学方法研究了土霉素与小牛胸腺DNA(ctDNA)的相互作用,DNA的存在能导致土霉素还原峰电流降低,峰电位正移,推测土霉素与DNA在该条件下以键合模式相互结合。紫外-可见吸收光谱的研究进一步确证了上述结果。     

二茂铁与DNA作用的表面电化学研究

在研究碳纳米管电极上二茂铁电化学性质的基础上,应用二茂铁修饰电极和DNA修饰电极研究了二茂铁与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。结果表明,修饰电极上的二茂铁都呈现一对明显的氧化还原峰,二茂铁修饰电极与DNA的作用表现为氧化还原峰电流减小,与溶液中的两者作用情况类似,而DNA修饰电极与二茂铁的作用则表现为氧化还原峰电流增大。扫描电镜结果也证实了两种修饰电极上的二茂铁与DNA间的作用。此外,还讨论了二茂铁与DNA间的作用模式。     

A lipase-based electrochemical biosensor for target DNA

A lipase-based electrochemical biosensor has been fabricated for the quantitative determination of target DNA. It is based on a stem-loop nucleic acid probe labeled with ferrocene containing a butanoate ester that is hydrolyzed by lipase. The other end of the probe DNA is linked, via carboxy groups, to magnetic nanoparticles. The binding of target DNA transforms the hairpin structure of the probe DNA and causes the exposure of ester bonds. This results in the release of electro-active ferrocene after hydrolysis of the ester bonds, and in an observable electrochemical response. The quantity of target DNA in the concentration range between 1?×?10^?12 mol·L^?1 and 1?×?10^?8 mol·L^?1 can be determined by measuring the electrochemical current. The method can detect target DNA with rapid response (30 min) and low interference.

旋转玻碳电极上二茂铁的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用

应用旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗法研究了二茂铁在Tris-NaC l(pH=7.2)缓冲溶液中于旋转玻碳电极上的电化学阻抗行为及其与DNA的相互作用.结果表明,二茂铁于旋转电极的伏安曲线呈现明显的极限电流平阶,而其交流阻抗谱则出现两个电容弧.二茂铁与DNA的作用,若受扩散过程控制则其极限扩散电流随DNA浓度增大而减小,而在电化学控制过程中则表现为电化学反应电阻随DNA浓度增大而增大.根据旋转圆盘电极和电化学阻抗谱测试,表明由这两种方法数据拟合求得的二茂铁条件电位速率常数能够很好地相互吻合,但如存在DNA时,则其条件电位速率常数有一定程度的减小.     

A Competitor-switched Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of DNA

A competitor‐switched electrochemical sensor based on a generic displacement strategy was designed for DNA detection. In this strategy, an unmodified single‐stranded DNA (cDNA) completely complementary to the target DNA served as the molecular recognition element, while a hairpin DNA (hDNA) labeled with a ferrocene (Fc) and a thiol group at its terminals served as both the competitor element and the probe. This electrochemical sensor was fabricated by self‐assembling a dsDNA onto a gold electrode surface. The dsDNA was pre‐formed through the hybridization of Fc‐labeled hDNA and cDNA with their part complementary sequences. Initially, the labeled ferrocene in the dsDNA was far from surface of the electrode, the electrochemical sensor exhibited a "switch‐off" mode due to unfavorable electron transfer of Fc label. However, in the presence of target DNA, cDNA was released from hDNA by target DNA, the hairpin‐open hDNA restored its original hairpin structure and the ferrocene approached onto the electrode surface, thus the electrochemical sensor exhibited a "switch‐on" mode accompanying with a change in the current response. The experimental results showed that as low as 4.4×10⁻¹⁰ mol/L target DNA could be distinguishingly detected, and this method had obvious advantages such as facile operation, low cost and reagentless procedure.     

Parallel Detection of Different DNA Sequences on One Gold Electrode

Motivated by the potential of electrochemical techniques to analyze hybridization events fast and in a simple and cost‐effective way we present here a detection system allowing a parallel electrochemical DNA analysis. For this purpose different probe DNA strands have been immobilized on one electrode. By the use of two different target DNA sequences, both marked with the redox active methylene blue, we can show that hybridization with the complementary probe sh“NA strands can occur without steric hindrance. Each target has been recognized down to 3nM with a very high specificity of the sensor. In addition, we can detect two different ssDNA targets labeled with different redox active molecules, methylene blue and ferrocene, on one sensor surface simultaneously.     

Electrochemical signal modulation in homogeneous solutions using the formation of an inclusion complex between ferrocene and β-cyclodextrin on a DNA scaffold

Two DNA conjugates modified with ferrocene and β-cyclodextrin were prepared as a pair of probes that work cooperatively for DNA sensing, in which the electrochemical signal of ferrocene on one probe was significantly "quenched" by the formation of an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin of the other probe on the DNA templates.     

Electrochemical Quantitative Analysis of Nucleic Acids Using β‐Cyclodextrin Modified Gold Electrode

We present an electrochemical biosensor for the analysis of nucleic acids upon hybridization on the β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD)‐modified gold electrode. The strategy is based on the following: The 5’‐ferrocene‐labeled single stranded capture probe DNA (5’‐fc‐ss‐DNA) was incorporated into the cavity of thiolated β‐CD which was immobilized on the surface of gold electrode. After hybridization of complementary target DNA, hybridized double stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) was released from the cavity of β‐CD. The difference of electrochemical properties on the modified gold electrode was characterized by cyclic voltametry and surface plasmon resonance. We successfully applied this method to the investigation of the sensor responses due to hybridization on various concentrations of applied target DNA. As a result, the label‐free electrochemical DNA sensor can detect the target DNA with a detection limit of 1.08 nM. Finally, our method does not require either hybridization indicators or other signalling molecules such as DNA intercalaters which most of electrochemical hybridization detection systems require.     

A Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA)‐DNA Ferrocenyl Intercalator for Electrochemical Sensing

A ferrocenyl intercalator was investigated to develop an electrochemical DNA biosensor employing a peptide nucleic acid (PNA) sequence as capture probe. After hybridization with single strand DNA sequence, a naphthalene diimide intercalator bearing ferrocene moieties (FND) was introduced to bind with the PNA‐DNA duplex and the electrochemical signal of the ferrocene molecules was used to monitor the DNA recognition. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the different modification steps. Differential pulse voltammetry was employed to evaluate the electrochemical signal of the FND intercalator related to its interaction with the complementary PNA‐DNA hybrid. The ferrocene oxidation peaks were utilised for the target DNA quantification. The developed biosensor demonstrated a good linear dependence of FND oxidation peak on DNA concentration in the range 1 fM to 100 nM of target DNA, with a low detection limit of 11.68 fM. Selectivity tests were also investigated with a non‐complementary DNA sequence, indicating that the FND intercalator exhibits a selective response to the target PNA‐DNA duplex.     

Molecular beacon mediated circular strand displacement strategy for constructing a ratiometric electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid sensor

A novel ratiometric electrochemical sensor for sensitive and selective determination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) had been developed based on signal-on and signal-off strategy. The target DNA hybridized with the loop portion of ferrocene (Fc) labeled hairpin probe immobilized on the gold electrode (GE), the Fc away from the surface of GE and the methylene blue (MB) was attached to an electrode surface by hybridization between hairpin probe and MB labeled primer. Such conformational changes resulted in the oxidation peak current of Fc decreased and that of MB increased, and the changes of dual signals are linear with the concentration of DNA. Furthermore, with the help of strand-displacement polymerization, polymerase catalyzed the extension of the primer and the sequential displacement of the target DNA, which led to the release of target and another polymerization cycle. Thus the circular strand displacement produced the multiplication of the MB confined near the GE surface and Fc got away from the GE surface. Therefore, the recognition of target DNA resulted in both the “signal-off” of Fc and the “signal-on” of MB for dual-signal electrochemical ratiometric readout. The dual signal strategy offered a dramatic enhancement of the stripping response. The dynamic range of the target DNA detection was from 10⁻¹³ to 10⁻⁸ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit down to 28 fM level. Compared with the single signaling electrochemical sensor, the dual-signaling electrochemical sensing strategy developed in this paper was more selective. It would have important applications in the sensitive and selective electrochemical determination of other small molecules and proteins.