纳米HZSM-5沸石酸度的调节及对液化气裂解反应的影响

通过对纳米HZSM-5沸石进行钠离子浸渍改性和在小型常压固定床反应器中开展碳四液化气催化裂解制丙烯反应研究,探讨了催化剂酸度对反应选择性的影响.结果表明,钠离子改性能够选择性地去除纳米HZSM-5沸石表面的强酸中心,而对弱酸中心则基本无影响.在用钠离子改性基本上消除催化剂强酸中心的情况下,混合碳四液化气的催化裂解反应主要发生在丁烯分子上,丙烯的最高选择性可达60%,丙烯和乙烯的总选择性可达80%.     

β沸石在丙烯醚化反应中的催化性能

研究了β沸石在不同焙烧温度和加入粘合剂条件下对丙烯与异丙醇合成异丙醚的催化性能。并通过ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ、ＦＴ－ＩＲ及化学吸附等手段表征了β沸石的物理化学性质。结果表明：焙烧对丙烯醚化反应存在一合适的温度范围；Ａｌ２Ｏ３粘合剂提高了丙烯转化率，降低了异丙醇脱水活性；粘合剂使沸石表面上Ｌ酸中心的比例增加；丙烯醚化反应与Ｌ酸中心存在较好的对应关系，而异丙醇脱水反应与Ｂ酸中心对应；高温焙烧β沸石使骨架铝向表面迁移，粘合剂Ａｌ２Ｏ３能抑制沸石的晶胞收缩。     

高硅MCM-22分子筛的合成及其C4烯烃裂解性能

由于丙烯衍生物需求量迅速增长,致使全球丙烯需求增长速率超过乙烯,近年来,人们一直在寻求新的丙烯增产的方法,采用分子筛作为催化剂,通过裂解C4及C4以上富烯烃原料来获取高收率的丙烯已引起国内外学者的高度关注,Rubinm等于1990年首先合成出MCM-22分子筛,由于其特有的酸性和独特的孔结构而被广泛用于各类化学反应中,迄今尚未见文献报道MCM-22分子筛在C4烯烃裂解反应中的催化性能研究,由于高硅铝比分子筛具有相对较高的热稳定性和水热稳定性,     

低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上C4烃的催化裂解反应

以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂, 研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应, 并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征. 混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明, 低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性, 高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂, 低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂. 在反应温度为625 ℃时, 硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%. 酸性表征结果表明, 硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量, 这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.     

低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上C4烃的催化裂解反应

以低硅铝比(n(SiO2)/n(Al2O2)=20-45)的ZSM-5分子筛为催化剂,研究了混合C4烃的催化裂解反应,并对不同硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛进行了酸性表征.混合C4烃的催化裂解反应结果表明,低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的低温催化活性,高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯和丙烯的收率高于低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛上苯和甲苯的收率高于高硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.在反应温度为625℃时,硅铝比为20的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂上乙烯、丙烯、苯和甲苯的总收率可达79.42%.酸性表征结果表明,硅铝比低的ZSM-5分子筛具有更多的Bronsted(B)酸酸量、Lewis(L)酸酸量及总酸酸量,这是低硅铝比ZSM-5分子筛具有低温高活性及高的苯和甲苯收率的原因.     

H-SAPO-18催化甲醇制烯烃反应机理:第一性原理计算研究

低碳烯烃(乙烯、丙烯等)是重要的基本有机原料, 一般通过蒸汽裂解或催化裂解生成得到.基于中国的资源结构特点, 发展非石油资源路线合成低碳烯烃具有重要的战略意义. 其中从煤、天然气等资源出发, 通过甲醇合成低碳烯烃就提供了这样一条可替代的路线. 因此分子筛催化甲醇制烯烃(MTO)反应在过去几十年获得了广泛的关注和研究. 为了获得高的产物选择性, 一般要求MTO分子筛催化材料具有较小的孔道结构以及合适的笼结构, H-SAPO-34和H-SAPO-18分子筛就具有这样的空间结构特点. 但是MTO催化反应产物分布多样复杂, 因此需要深入认识MTO催化反应机理, 从而优化设计分子筛结构和反应条件.目前已经形成的共识认为, MTO催化反应沿着烃池反应机理进行, 但是烃池活性中心的结构还存在很多争议. 我们曾系统研究了H-SAPO-18分子筛中多甲基苯的分布, 以及催化MTO反应的芳烃循环路线, 指出多甲基苯路线的总吉布斯自由能垒高于200 kJ/mol (673 K). 本文以四甲基乙烯(TME)作为代表性的烯烃烃池活性中心, 系统研究了H-SAPO-18分子筛催化MTO反应的烯烃循环路线. TME循环路线的总吉布斯自由能垒不大于150 kJ/mol, 远小于芳烃循环的总能垒. 因此, 烯烃本身有很大可能是H-SAPO-18催化MTO反应的烃池活性中心. 我们也指出了芳烃循环和烯烃循环路线的相似性, 这包括基元反应的相似性和中间体结构的相似性. 或者可以说, 芳烃循环和烯烃循环路线机理上没有区别, 关键是为了得到具有烷基(侧)链的裂解前驱体, 最后通过裂解生成低碳烯烃. 在烯烃循环路线中, 产物选择性与裂解前驱体(高碳烯烃、碳正离子等)的分布以及裂解动力学有关. 计算发现生成乙烯和丙烯的裂解基元反应能垒与裂解前驱体的碳数之间存在线性关系. 本文进一步强调了分子筛催化MTO反应中烯烃活性中心的重要性, 并且清楚指出了烯烃循环和芳烃循环的机理相似性.     

采用Pd／树脂催化剂的轻汽油临氢醚化反应研究

研究了催化裂化轻汽油临氢醚化工艺,以降低催化裂化汽油的烯烃含量并提高辛烷值,制备了Pd负载D005阳离子交换树脂催化剂,该催化剂具有同时催化二烯烃选择性加氢和步碳烃与甲醇醚化的功能。考察了遗金属负载量和反应择醚收率的影响,在反应温度343K、压力1．5Mpa,n（甲醇）/ n(叔碳烯烃）比＝1．1、n（氢）／n（二烯）比＝2、液时空速3/h的条件下,醚收率达55．32％。2016h的寿命试验表明,该催化剂活性稳定,可以长周期使用。     

H-SAPO-18催化甲醇制烯烃反应机理:第一性原理计算研究（英文）

低碳烯烃(乙烯、丙烯等)是重要的基本有机原料,一般通过蒸汽裂解或催化裂解生成得到。基于中国的资源结构特点,发展非石油资源路线合成低碳烯烃具有重要的战略意义.其中从煤、天然气等资源出发,通过甲醇合成低碳烯烃就提供了这样一条可替代的路线.因此分子筛催化甲醇制烯烃(MTO)反应在过去几十年获得了广泛的关注和研究.为了获得高的产物选择性,一般要求MTO分子筛催化材料具有较小的孔道结构以及合适的笼结构,H-SAPO-34和H-SAPO-18分子筛就具有这样的空间结构特点.但是MTO催化反应产物分布多样复杂,因此需要深入认识MTO催化反应机理,从而优化设计分子筛结构和反应条件.目前已经形成的共识认为,MTO催化反应沿着烃池反应机理进行,但是烃池活性中心的结构还存在很多争议.我们曾系统研究了H-SAPO-18分子筛中多甲基苯的分布,以及催化MTO反应的芳烃循环路线,指出多甲基苯路线的总吉布斯自由能垒高于200 k J/mol(673 K).本文以四甲基乙烯(TME)作为代表性的烯烃烃池活性中心,系统研究了H-SAPO-18分子筛催化MTO反应的烯烃循环路线.TME循环路线的总吉布斯自由能垒不大于150 k J/mol,远小于芳烃循环的总能垒.因此,烯烃本身有很大可能是H-SAPO-18催化MTO反应的烃池活性中心.我们也指出了芳烃循环和烯烃循环路线的相似性,这包括基元反应的相似性和中间体结构的相似性.或者可以说,芳烃循环和烯烃循环路线机理上没有区别,关键是为了得到具有烷基(侧)链的裂解前驱体,最后通过裂解生成低碳烯烃.在烯烃循环路线中,产物选择性与裂解前驱体(高碳烯烃、碳正离子等)的分布以及裂解动力学有关.计算发现生成乙烯和丙烯的裂解基元反应能垒与裂解前驱体的碳数之间存在线性关系.本文进一步强调了分子筛催化MTO反应中烯烃活性中心的重要性,并且清楚指出了烯烃循环和芳烃循环的机理相似性.     

几种分子筛的转晶和混晶的控制及单一晶体的优化合成

 以六亚甲基亚胺作模板剂，在配料比一定的情况下，详细考察了反应温度和反应时间对MCM－22，ZSM－5，ZSM－35和丝光沸石分子筛成晶的影响．结果表明，MCM－22的最佳合成温度在低温区，ZSM－35易在提高反应温度或延长反应时间时形成，而作为中间相的ZSM－5和丝光沸石则在反应温度与反应时间合理匹配时才能以单一相生成．同时，探讨了晶种的加入对产物晶相的影响．在特定的温度和时间区间，能够合成出比例可控的ZSM－35＋MCM－22混晶，ZSM－5＋ZSM－35混晶和ZSM－35＋丝光沸石混晶，并从分子筛孔道和结构单元的特点出发，就转晶发生对温度和时间的依赖性作了解释．     

丁烯催化裂解制丙烯/乙烯反应的热力学研究

 通过对丁烯催化裂解反应网络中各反应步骤进行热力学分析计算,结合实际反应的产物分布,探讨了各产物的形成机理及影响因素. 热力学计算结果表明,升高温度有利于丁烯裂解为丙烯和乙烯,选择合适的反应温度和压力可有效提高产物中的丙烯/乙烯比. 低碳烯烃在热力学上有很强的芳构化倾向,升高温度可抑制氢转移反应,可以通过优化反应条件和开发高选择性催化剂的方法来提高丙烯和乙烯的选择性,抑制芳烃和烷烃的生成. 在催化裂解反应条件下,C5+烃的生成量较少. 热力学计算结果在进行催化剂筛选和反应条件优化过程中得到了验证和补充.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Exploring the scope of the Gewald reaction: Expansion to a four-component process

An efficient four-component reaction was developed to take advantage of the reactivity of the 2-aminothiophene-3-carbonitrile functionality, which is obtained during the classical three-component Gewald reaction. Various α-methylene bearing ketones were reacted with malononitrile, elemental sulfur, and aryl/heteroarylnitrile derivatives in t-BuOH/NaOH to afford 2-arylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines in high yields. Preliminary studies revealed the photophysical properties of the products and their potential for use as metal sensors.