硅钼钒和硅钨钒杂多酸的制备及其在苯直接羟基化制苯酚中的活性研究

本文采用分步反应、分步酸化法制备了硅钼钒和硅钨钒杂多酸,用等离子原子发射光谱、热重分析、红外、紫外、粉末X射线对制备的化合物进行了表征。结果表明,制备所得化合物为Keggin结构的杂多酸。同时,本文还用该杂多酸作催化剂,研究了其对由苯直接氧化羟基化合成苯酚的催化活性,结果显示,在本文条件下,用所合成的杂多酸作催化剂,可获得17.2%苯酚收率和高于90%的苯酚选择性。     

磷钼钒杂多酸催化苯制苯酚的研究

将磷钼钒杂多酸应用于以过氧化氢作氧化剂,冰醋酸作溶剂的苯一步氧化制苯酚反应中,分别考察了杂多酸、过氧化氢和冰醋酸的用量,以及反应温度和反应时间等因素对苯制苯酚反应的影响,并通过单因素实验方法确定了较为适宜的工艺条件.     

钒钼磷杂多酸催化苯直接羟化为苯酚的动力学研究

以钒钼磷杂多酸作为催化剂,用紫外可见分光光度法研究了过氧化氢直接将苯氧化羟基化为苯酚反应的动力学行为。结果表明,该氧化羟化反应速率对底物苯、氧化剂和催化剂都是一级反应,反应的活化能为57.73kJ.mol-1。本文推测了杂多酸配合物催化苯氧化羟化为苯酚反应的过程,建立了该反应动力学数学模型,模型很好地解释了实验结果。     

磷钼钒杂多酸光度法测定钒

磷钼钒杂多酸早已用于磷的光度分析,其它应用尚未见报道。本文提出利用磷钼钒杂多酸光度测定高速钢中常量的钒,共存元素中铬、钴的影响以试样空白扣除,钨的负干扰可采用经验系数补正,样中1％Si和1％Nb不干扰测定。方法简便、快速、准确。本文还提出了在一定条件下形成磷钼钒酸、磷钨钒酸和磷钨钼酸的经验规律。 1 试剂与仪器 钼酸铵溶液:53g·L~(-1) 盐磷混酸:1.19g·ml~(-1)盐酸+1.74g·ml~(-1)磷酸=3+2 钒标准溶液:0.900mg·ml~(-1)(里偏钒酸铵配制并以滴定法标定) 721型分光光度计 2 分析方法称取试样0.1000g于200ml锥形瓶中(同时称一份不含钒的钢样作试剂空白A_0),加盐磷混酸1.5ml,硫酸(1+1)8ml,加热溶解,滴加浓硝酸助溶,继续加热     

钒改性六方介孔硅分子筛催化苯羟基化制苯酚

以偏钒酸铵为钒源,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同钒含量的六方介孔硅（V-HMS）分子筛,利用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附和程序升温还原(H2-TPR)对合成的催化剂进行了表征,考察了V-HMS对苯羟基化反应的影响。 结果表明,钒进入了分子筛骨架,并且在HMS分子筛上具有较好的分散性。 V-HMS对苯羟基化反应具有良好的催化活性;高分散的钒氧物种有利于提高苯的羟基化反应性能,溶剂乙腈对反应促进作用明显。 乙腈为溶剂,w(V(5.8)-HMS)=2%,60 ℃反应5 h,苯酚收率达到18.55%,选择性达到100%。     

钒钼协同作用下杂多酸催化阻聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯

利用一锅法制备了Dawson型钨磷酸和钼钒磷酸,并用红外光谱和X-射线衍射表征了其结构.采用沸腾法研究了合成的杂多酸对甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的催化阻聚性能,考察了杂多酸结构、杂多酸用量和反应温度等因素对MMA本体聚合反应的影响.结果表明:钒钼元素在杂多酸催化阻聚MMA的反应中具有明显的协同作用,而且,杂多酸对MMA的催化阻聚作用随钒原子数的增加而增强,杂多酸的用量和反应温度对MMA自聚反应的速率影响较大.在过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为0.04 g,MMA为10 mL,H9P2Mo15V3O62质量为MMA的0.06%,反应温度为101.2℃或H9P2Mo15V3O62质量为MMA的0.03%,反应温度为89.4℃时,MMA自聚反应被抑制.与传统和常用酚阻聚剂相比,Dawson型钼钒磷酸具有阻聚效果好、后处理简单、无腐蚀和污染问题等优点,能够作为MMA的阻聚剂使用.     

9—钼—3钒硅酸钾的合成与表征

钼钒硅杂多化合物作为氧化还原型催化剂应用于某些有机合成反应已引起化学工作者的关注,其合成与分离均有一定的难度,一钒及二钒取代的钼钒硅杂多化合物已有文献报道,但三钒取代的钼钒硅杂多化合物尚未见报道,本文采用正交设计方法,成功地合成了标题杂多化合物,并通过IR、UV、TG-DTA、~(51)V NMR和ESR等测试手段进行了表征。     

Keggin型磷钼钒季铵盐催化氧化苯制苯酚反应研究

采用分步反应、分步酸化法制备了磷钼钒缺位型杂多酸,用（C4H9）4N^＋（以下简写为Bu4N^＋）阳离子取代杂多酸中H^＋作为反荷离子合成了杂多季铵盐（用于苯氧化制苯酚反应）．FT-IR分析反应前后催化剂结构的变化．以苯为原料,乙酸为溶剂,30％H2O2作氧化剂,系统考察了催化剂类型、催化剂用量、氧化剂用量、反应时间及温度对反应的影响．实验结果表明,56．4mmol苯在（Bu4N）5PMo10V2O40用量0．25mmol,30％H2O2用量10mL,溶剂乙酸10mL,70℃条件下回流反应6h,苯酚收率可达到27．9％．     

Dawson结构钼钒磷杂多化合物对苯酚过氧化氢羟化作用的研究

Ｄａｗｓｏｎ结构钼钒磷杂多化合物对苯酚过氧化氢羟化作用的研究于剑锋，杨宇，吴通好，孙家锺（吉林大学化学系理论化学研究所，长春，１３００２３）关键词Ｄａｗｓｏｎ结构钼钒磷杂多化合物，苯酚羟化，过氧化氢苯二酚（ＤＢＨ）是重要的化工原料．由芳香化合物羟化制...     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定钨钢中硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒和钨的含量。试样用盐酸、柠檬酸铵、硝酸溶解。基体效应采用基体匹配法消除。硅、锰、磷、铬、镍、铜、钼、钒、钨的分析谱线依次为288.158,257.610,177.495,267.716,213.604,327.396,204.598,310.230,239.709nm。9种元素的质量分数在一定的范围内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)在0.000 3%~0.004 8%之间。方法用于两种标准物质的测定,测定结果与认定值相符,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.74%~2.1%之间。方法的回收率在95.0%~107%之间。     

Hydroxylation of benzene in the system vanadium(V)-hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid

Hydroxylation of benzene in acetic acid at 323 K was studied in the presence of a sodium orthovanadate catalyst. With hydrogen peroxide as aqueous solution, the yield of phenol was 12–14%. With hydrogen peroxide generated from dry sodium peroxide, the yield of phenol could be improved to 21–23%. The apparent decomposition rate constants of hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid are presented.     

Direct selective oxidation of benzene to phenol using molecular oxygen in the presence of palladium and heteropolyacids

The use of heteropolyacids as a reoxidant for palladium in the direct oxidation of benzene to phenol with molecular oxygen was studied as a function of the variables involved. It was shown that the oxidation system is very effective even if a molar ratio of HOAc:H₂O of 1:2 is used. After 4 h at 130°C the benzene conversion is 15% and the selectivity for phenol is above 70%. The quantity of palladium acetate can be drastically reduced allowing turnover numbers as high as 800.     

Transition metal substituted polyoxometalates and their application in the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol with hydrogen peroxide

A series of transition metal substituted polyoxometalates with a Keggin structure were prepared and utilized for the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol. Among the compounds tested, [(CH₃)₄N]₄PMo₁₁VO₄₀ exhibits the highest phenol yield (13.0%) and selectivity (90.6%) in acetic acid/acetonitrile. Vanadium peroxo is the active site of the reaction, and ammonium also plays an important role. The influence of various reaction parameters, such as solvent, reaction time, reaction temperature, and amount of hydrogen peroxide used were investigated to obtain the optimal reaction conditions.     

Surface characterization and catalytic evaluation of manganese nodule leached residue toward oxidation of benzene to phenol

Water washed manganese nodule leached residue (WMNLR) calcined at different temperatures was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TG-DTA, surface area, surface oxygen, and surface acid sites. Surface area, surface oxygen, surface hydroxyl group, and surface acid sites increase up to 400 degrees C and then decrease with further rise in calcination temperature up to 700 degrees C. The catalytic activity of the calcined samples was tested for single-step oxidation of benzene to phenol using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant and acetic acid as the solvent at room temperature. The influence of various reaction parameters such as solvent, concentration of solvent, oxidant amount, time, temperature, and catalyst amount was studied to optimize the reaction conditions. WMNLR calcined at 400 degrees C showed the highest catalytic activity towards oxidation of benzene with 12.7% conversion and 98% selectivity.     

过氧化氢直接氧化苯制备苯酚的多相催化研究进展*

作为一种绿色、洁净的氧化剂,使用过氧化氢直接氧化苯来制备苯酚的过程极具吸引力。综述了分子筛、碳基材料、金属氧化物、金属有机框架等多相催化剂在氧化苯制备苯酚反应中的应用,主要讨论了催化剂的合成路线、反应机理和催化性能,希望能为新的多相催化体系的合理设计提供有益的视角。     

Catalytic activity of iron-containing polymers in hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide

Hydroxylation of benzene with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous acetonitrile at 50°C was studied. The KU-2-8 and KU-1 cation exchangers, and also specially synthesized cation exchangers and phenolformaldehyde resins derived from pyrocatechol and resorcinol, all modified with Fe(III) cations, were used as catalysts. The macrocomplex KU-2-8/Fe³⁺ showed the highest catalytic activity and ensured 32% yield of phenol in 15 min. The formation of phenol depends in a complex fashion on the initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide, content of Fe(III) ions in the polymer, and reaction time.     

羟基磷酸铜催化剂催化羟化苯酚动力学研究

利用初始反应速率动力学方法研究以过氧化氢为氧化剂.羟基磷酸铜为催化剂催化氧化苯酚的动力学.对催化剂的用量、过氧化氢和苯酚浓度以及温度的影响进行了仔细研究.反应物和催化剂对该反应都是一级的,表观活化能为12kJ/mol.在考虑到所有的吸附平衡后.给出了相应的动力学公式.     

Ni-Zr-Ce／Al2O3催化剂上H2O2作氧化剂直接使苯氧化胺化一步合成苯胺研究

设计制备了Ni-Zr-Ce/Al_2O_3催化剂,研究了其上用H_2O_2直接将苯氧化胺化 合成苯胺的活性。发现在常压、50 ℃的温和条件下,该催化剂对苯、氨水与 H_2O_2直接氧化胺化生成苯胺有较好活性,并且其对苯胺的选择性远远大于对苯酚 的选择性。提高反应原料中氨水对苯的比例,能提高苯胺的收率,且不会增加苯酚 的生成量。本方法能耗低,原子利用率高,为苯胺的绿色合成提供了一条新的路径 。     

Determination of hydroxyl radical photoproduction rates in natural waters.

The photochemical formation rates of hydroxyl radicals (OH radicals) in river water and seawater were determined by a simple, rapid and sensitive benzene probe method, in which phenol formed by the reaction between benzene and photochemically-generated OH radicals was analyzed by on-line preconcentration HPLC. The OH radical formation rates from well-known OH radical sources, such as nitrate, nitrite and hydrogen peroxide, were in good agreement with those reported previously. River water samples containing high concentrations of nitrate and nitrite were found to show high OH radical formation rates. Ten to 80% of the OH radical formation in river water and seawater was due to the photolysis of nitrate and nitrite, but OH radical formation from hydrogen peroxide was negligible. The OH radical formation from unknown sources other than nitrate, nitrite and hydrogen peroxide was strongly correlated to the amount of fluorescent matter.