13C辅助的超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用方法精确分析毕赤酵母胞内代谢物浓度

毕赤酵母作为一种高效的外源蛋白表达平台,其蛋白表达水平与胞内代谢物浓度紧密相关.但胞内代谢物种类多、物化性质差异大、浓度低、周转快,对其绝对浓度的精确检测一直难于实现.本研究将超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用分析方法与13C同位素标记技术相结合,探索解决该难题的方法.首先,优化了超高效液相色谱的操作条件,利用3种色谱柱实现了64种常见中间代谢物的分离;对三重四极杆质谱仪的检测离子对和碰撞电压等操作条件进行优化,找到了对各种物质具有专一性的检测离子对.然后,利用全标记13C标记底物培养细胞,收集胞内的全标记代谢物用作定量内标物,建立了53种中间代谢物的标准曲线.实验结果表明,本方法不但精确性高,标准曲线相关系数达到0.99以上,而且重现性好,受实验条件和仪器操作条件的影响很小.将本方法应用于毕赤酵母胞内代谢物浓度的绝对定量分析,成功获得了胞内各种代谢物的浓度水平,为后续深入研究毕赤酵母代谢调控机理,实现外源蛋白的高效生产奠定了基础.     

气相色谱-质谱联用选择离子监测方法定量分析低浓度胞内游离氨基酸的13C同位素丰度

胞内游离氨基酸具有周转快的特点,其13C同位素丰度能快速反映胞内代谢状态的变化。但胞内游离氨基酸的浓度很低,现有的基于气相色谱-质谱联用全扫描模式的13C同位素丰度检测方法不能满足要求。本研究考察理论上检测精度更高的选择离子监测方法在胞内游离氨基酸13C同位素丰度分析中应用的可能性。首先在全扫描模式下分析了不同氨基酸的断裂规律,找出与每种氨基酸对应的特征碎片,建立起包含有16种胞内游离氨基酸的特征碎片库。利用此特征碎片库,在样品分析时只需检测特定m/z处的信号,从而实现选择离子监测,提高信号质量。对标准品的检测结果表明,与全扫描模式相比,本方法的信噪比、测量精度和准确性分别提高了17倍、2倍和3.8倍。在对辅酶Q10生产菌株样品的分析中,本方法成功检测出8种胞内游离氨基酸的同位素丰度。     

LC-MS测定C13-尿素同位素丰度方法的建立

13C-尿素呼气试验(13C-UBT)是采用C13尿素在临床上诊断幽门螺杆菌(Hp)的一种无创性方法,具有高效、灵敏度高、特异性强和使用安全等特点,被认为是除组织培养以外的诊断Hp的"金标准",在临床上已被广泛应用。美国药典使用GC-MS方法检测C13尿素同位素丰度,检测浓度达到12mg／mL,这种方法容易达到饱和状态,也有人用衍生化结合GC-MS方法对尿素进行检测,但衍生化步骤繁琐,且由于尿素的不稳定性易在衍生化过程中发生降解,不适合检测标准的建立。由于国内尚无C13尿素的同位素丰度定量检测方法,所以在选择C13尿素片时缺乏依据,为了更好的开展13C-UBT试验,有必要建立一个能够对高13C-尿素同位素丰度定量的方法。本实验室建立了一种快速、高效地检测13C-尿素同位素丰度的LC-MS方法。     

气相单四极质谱(DSQTM Ⅱ)组合扫描技术用于多组分化合物的同时分析

当前气相单四极质谱已经被广泛的应用于如农药残留、环境检测等众多领域.全扫描(FS)和选择离子扫描(SIM)是单四极质谱中最为常用的两种模式.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定化妆品中10种性激素残留

采用超高效液相色谱-串联电喷雾四极杆质谱在多反应监测模式下测定了特殊功效类化妆品中10种性激素的残留.样品按照不同剂型分别前处理,目标物以乙腈/水为流动相,经C18色谱柱分离.在超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析过程中以保留时间和离子对(母离子和两个碎片离子)信息比较定性,以母离子和响应值高的碎片离子进行定量.方法检出限为0....     

双标记~(13)C,~(15)N_3-呋喃妥因的制备

以双标记13 C,15 N3-氨基脲为原料,先与苯甲醛缩合,继而与氯乙酸乙酯取代、环化,再经盐酸水解反应后与5-硝基糠醛二乙酯反应,最终制得双标记13 C,15 N3-呋喃妥因.产物经红外光谱、高效液相色谱及质谱表征.结果表明,所选用的合成路线反应条件温和,产物总收率高于60%,且同位素丰度不下降;目标产物的化学纯度>99.0%,13 C同位素丰度>98%,15 N同位素丰度>99%.     

串联质谱法鉴定丙基膦酸烷基酯异构体

采用串联质谱(MS/MS)研究了丙基膦酸烷基酯异构体,以鉴定与磷相连的丙基基团。针对电子轰击质谱(EI-MS)谱图中特征离子m/z 125和化学电离质谱(CI-MS)谱图中的准分子离子,进行串联质谱研究,对碰撞气压力和碰撞能量进行优化。实验结果表明:在碰撞能量20 V,碰撞气压力1.0 mTorr时,电子轰击串联质谱(EI-MS/MS)模式下,正丙基膦酸酯的母离子m/z 125碎裂产生较强的子离子m/z 107,而异丙基膦酸酯的母离子m/z 125则碎裂产生较强的子离子m/z 65和83;在化学电离串联质谱(CI-MS/MS)模式下,正丙基膦酸酯的准分子离子产生子离子m/z 125(基峰)和107,异丙基膦酸酯的准分子离子产生子离子m/z 125、107和83;通过串联质谱反应,能清晰地区分正丙基和异丙基膦酸烷基酯(C≥2)。     

不稳定的二甲基氨基甲基二茂铁的ESI-HRMS分析条件研究

研究并优化了化合物N,N-二甲基氨基甲基二茂铁的电喷雾离子化-高分辨质谱(ESI-HRMS)分析方法。重复测定样品,目标分子离子计数的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=10)为2.4%,表明仪器重复性良好。通过对目标分子的一级质谱图与二级质谱图分析,一级质谱图中母离子的丰度低于最强子离子丰度的10%,表明目标分子在源内发生了裂解。研究了一级质谱中目标分子离子及其最强碎片离子的离子计数与干燥气温度、毛细管出口电压的变化规律,并拟合得到相应的数学方程;确定了目标分子质谱分析的最佳条件。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用法对线性烷基苯磺酸钠同系物的检测

首次利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了纺织品中线性烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)同系物的检测方法.采用甲醇超声提取法进行前处理,并优化了超声提取的温度、时间和提取试剂用量.以C18反相柱为分析柱,甲醇、醋酸铵为流动相,在10 min内完成对LAS的定性、定量分析.LAS质谱检测的母离子为m/z 297.0、311.0、325.0、339.0、352.9,定量子离子为m/z 182.8. LAS检测的线性范围为10 ～1 000 μg/kg,相关系数不小于0.999,检出限为2.0 μg/kg.LAS的回收率为92% ～100%,相对标准偏差不大于12.5%.     

前体离子扫描法在快速筛查中药及保健食品中非法添加的5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂及其未知衍生物中的应用

改造有明确疗效的药物,合成新的衍生物以避开法定检验方法是目前化学药物非法添加的趋势之一。本文提出将液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱联用仪的质谱前体离子扫描模式应用于中药及保健食品等复杂体系中非法添加药物衍生物的快速筛查策略,以5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂为实验对象,通过分析该类化合物的结构和质谱特点将其分类,筛选各类共有的子离子碎片,优化质谱参数,建立了前体离子扫描模式的LC-MS筛查方法,讨论了质谱参数和碎片离子的选择对筛选结果的影响,并应用于实际样品的测定。结果表明,该方法既可以满足已知化合物的测定需要,又可以对复杂体系中未知的同类衍生物进行快速筛查,防止未知衍生物的漏检。该方法灵敏、专属、高效,值得进一步研究。     

Determination of daughter ion formulas by multiple stages of mass spectrometry

The ability to obtain daughter ion formulas via comparison of MSⁿ spectra of parent ions containing only ¹²C with those of parent ions with one ¹³C (from the natural ¹³C abundance) is shown for cases in which isobaric interferences with the ¹³C-containing ion preclude the use of the conventional tandem mass spectrometric approach. This method allows the presence of isobaric daughter ions to be ascertained, and unexpected, complex dissociation pathways to be identified. A three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap is used for these experiments. Its high tandem mass spectrometry efficiency makes possible this type of experiment.     

Measuring long-chain acyl-coenzyme A concentrations and enrichment using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring

Long-chain acyl-coenzymes A (acyl-CoAs) (LCACoA) are the activated forms of long-chain fatty acids and serve as key lipid metabolites. Excess accumulation of intracellular LCACoA, diacylglycerols (DAGs) and ceramides may create insulin resistance with respect to glucose metabolism. We present a new method to measure LCACoA concentrations and isotopic enrichment of palmitoyl-CoA ([U-(13) C]16-CoA) and oleoyl-CoA ([U-(13) C]18:1-CoA) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) to quantitate seven different LCACoA (C14-CoA, C16-CoA, C16:1-CoA, C18-CoA, C18:1-CoA, C18:2-CoA, C20-CoA). The molecules are separated on a reversed-phase UPLC column using a binary gradient with ammonium hydroxide (NH(4) OH) in water and NH(4) OH in acetonitrile (ACN). The LCACoA are quantified using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. All LCACoA ions except enriched palmitate enrichment of palmitoyl-CoA ([U(-13)C]16-CoA) and oleoyl-CoA ([U(-13)C]18:1-CoA) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) to quantitate seven different LCACoA (C14-CoA, C16-CoA, C16:1-CoA, C18-CoA, C18:1-CoA, C18:2-CoA, C20-CoA). The molecules are separated on a reversed-phase UPLC column using a binary gradient with ammonium hydroxide (NH(4) OH) in water and NH(4) OH in acetonitrile. The LCACoA are quantified using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) on a triple quadrupolemass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. All LCACoA ions except enriched palmitate and oleate were monitored as [M+2+H](+) and [U(13)C]16-CoA and [U(13)C]18:1-CoA were monitored as [M+16+H](+) and [M+18+H](+), respectively. The method is simple, sensitive and efficient (run time as short as 5 min) and allowed us to measure the concentration and detect enrichment in intramyocellular [U(13) C]16-CoA and [U(13) C]18:1-CoA during a low dose intravenous infusion of [U(13) C]palmitate and [U(13) C]oleate in adults undergoing either a saline control experiment or an insulin/glucose infusion experiment. This technique should allow investigators to measure the trafficking of extracellular fatty acids to the intracellular LCACoA pool.     

Biochemical and physiological determinants of intramolecular isotope patterns in sucrose from C₃, C₄ and CAM plants accessed by isotopic ¹³C NMR spectrometry: a viewpoint

This paper discusses the biochemical and physiological factors underlying the site-specific, non-random distribution of 13C/12C isotope ratios within plant metabolites, which can be determined by isotopic 13C NMR spectrometry. It focuses on the key metabolite glucose and on enzyme activities and physiological processes that are responsible for the carbon isotope patterns in glucose from different biological origins. It further considers how intramolecular 13C/12C isotope ratios in glucose can be exploited to understand fundamental aspects of plant biological chemistry, how these are related to environmental parameters and how these influence metabolites beyond central sugar metabolism. It does not purport to be an extensive overview of intramolecular isotopic patterns. Rather, the aim is to show how a full understanding of 13C/12C fractionations occurring during plant metabolism can only be possible once the factors that define intramolecular isotope values are better delineated.     

A strategy for metabolite identification using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry with enhanced resolution and accurate mass capability

Using a single platform of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with enhanced resolution and accurate mass capabilities, a strategy for metabolite identification of a drug in a biological matrix has been demonstrated. The strategy is based on first screening for metabolites via neutral loss and precursor ion scan schemes, devised as the result of the product ion spectrum of a matrix-free standard of the drug. The accurate masses of the precursor ions identified via the two scan schemes plus the precursor ions of structurally likely metabolites are then determined by enhanced resolution, accurate mass (AM) selected ion monitoring (SIM). The identities of the metabolites are further established by determining the accurate masses of the product ions via enhanced resolution AM selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The feasibility of the strategy was demonstrated using a liver microsome incubation sample of nefazodone, an antidepressant drug. The neutral loss and precursor ion screening runs were able to identify most of the metabolites of nefazodone. The subsequent SIM and SRM experiments gave mass accuracy of better than +/-0.003 u for the masses of the precursor and product ions of nefazodone and all the metabolites. The ability to perform metabolite screening by using the scan features followed by accurate mass determinations on the same instrument is an attractive feature of using a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with enhanced resolution and accurate mass capability.     

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitation of nitrogen-containing intracellular metabolites

A comprehensive method of quantifying intracellular metabolite concentrations would be a valuable addition to the arsenal of tools for holistic biochemical studies. Here, we describe a step toward the development of such method: a quantitative assay for 90 nitrogen-containing cellular metabolites. The assay involves reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation followed by electrospray ionization and detection of the resulting ions using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry in selected reaction monitoring mode. For 79 of the 90 metabolites, the assay is linear with a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL or less. Using this method, 36 metabolites can be reliably detected in extracts of the bacterium Salmonella enterica, with the identity of each metabolite confirmed by the presence, on growing of the bacteria in (13)C-glucose, of a peak corresponding to the isotope-labeled form of the compound. Quantitation in biological samples is performed by mixing unlabeled test cell extract with (13)C-labeled standard extract, and determining the (12)C/(13)C-ratio for each metabolite. Using this approach, the metabolomes of growing (exponential phase) and carbon-starved (stationary phase) bacteria were compared, revealing 16 metabolites that are significantly down-regulated and five metabolites that are significantly up-regulated, in stationary phase.     

血清中胆固醇的国际比对--CCQM-K6的IDMS法测量

介绍血清中胆固醇的同位素稀释质谱测定法,首次报道了国际物质量咨询委员会（CCQM）2000年组织的血清中胆固醇测定的关键比对－CCQM－K6的结果。     

Elemental compositions from daughter ion spectra of m1+ and [m1 + 1]+: Some applications of the method

The elemental compositions of ions can be determined in tandem mass spectrometry by comparing the daughter ion spectra of the m₁⁺ and [m₁ + 1]⁺ ions. The method is demonstrated for mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectra but is applicable to all types of daughter ion spectra, including complex collisionally activated dissociation spectra. In this work, the method is applied to compounds that produce daughter ions of known elemental compositions, and the errors and limitations are evaluated. Following that test, the procedure is applied to a compound that may produce daughters of more than one possible elemental composition. The method is sometimes useful even if the formula of the parent is not known; that is, the formulae of unknown parent and daughter ions may be found. Locating a specific atom in an isotopically labeled molecule is another capability of the method. The basic equation of the method was generalized and incorporated into a computer program for performing the calculations.     

Determination of 13C abundance in trace amounts of plant metabolites by the infrared 13CO2 analyzer

The infrared 13CO2 analyzer was improved to measure the 13C abundance in the trace amounts of plant metabolites separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To improve the sensitivity to 12C, the range of wave number of 2 360 +/- 10 cm-1 was used for 12C determination. Free carbohydrates in corn leaves fed 13CO2 were separated by HPLC and the 13C abundances in sucrose, glucose and fructose were determined by this improved method. The samples containing 10-40 micrograms of carbon could be successfully analysed.     

Stable isotopic analysis of pyrogenic organic matter in soils by liquid chromatography–isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry of benzene polycarboxylic acids

Pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM), the incomplete combustion product of organic materials, is considered stable in soils and represents a potentially important terrestrial sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide. One well‐established method of measuring PyOM in the environment is as benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs), a compound‐specific method, which allows both qualitative and quantitative estimation of PyOM. Until now, stable isotope measurement of PyOM carbon involved measurement of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) or methyl (Me) polycarboxylic acid derivatives by gas chromatography–combustion–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC‐C‐IRMS). However, BPCA derivatives can contain as much as 150% derivative carbon, necessitating post‐analysis correction for the accurate measurement of δ¹³ C values, leading to increased measurement error. Here, we describe a method for δ¹³ C isotope ratio measurement and quantification of BPCAs from soil‐derived PyOM, based on ion‐exchange chromatography (IEC‐IRMS). The reproducibility of the δ¹³ C measurement of individual BPCAs by IEC‐IRMS was better than 0.35‰ (1σ). The δ¹³ C‐BPCA analysis of PyOM in soils, including at natural and artificially enriched ¹³ C‐abundance, produced accurate and precise δ¹³ C measurements. Analysis of samples that differed in δ¹³ C by as much as 900‰ revealed carryover of <1‰ between samples. The weighted sum of individual δ¹³ C‐BPCA measurements was correlated with previous isotopic measurements of whole PyOM, providing complementary information for bulk isotopic measurements. We discuss potential applications of δ¹³ C‐BPCA measurements, including the study of turnover rates of PyOM in soils and the partitioning of PyOM sources based on photosynthetic pathways. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The use of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry to explore the in vitro metabolism of cyanoalkyl piperidine derivatives

A LC/MS method using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, positive ion mode and full scan to measure the in vitro metabolic stability of cyanoalkyl functionalized compounds with the human liver microsomes was employed. Percentage metabolism examined for the five cyanoalkyl piperidines revealed the optimal chain length and positioning of these functions to produce the most metabolically stable compound. The 4-cyanomethyl piperidine derivative was the most stable compound with 15% metabolism after 15 min incubation with human liver microsomes. In general, the major metabolites formed from the cyanoalkyl piperidine derivatives were due to oxidation of the cyanoalkyl chain or the piperidine fragment, resulting in a M+16 ion. However, the 2-cyanomethyl piperidine derivative exhibited an interesting biotransformation pathway with unusual metabolite peaks corresponding to M+5, M-11 and M+21 ions. Data-dependent MS/MS scanning was used to generate daughter ion spectra from the parent compound and its metabolite peaks. Based on the fragmentation analysis, a carboxylic acid, aldehyde and oxidative metabolite of the carboxylic acid structure have been proposed for M+5, M-11 and M+21 ions, respectively.