Lipopolysaccharides fromMastigocladus laminosus

A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been isolated by phenol-water extraction from the cells of the blue-green algaMastigocladus laminosus. It has been shown that the LPS contains polysaccharide and lipid components. The polysaccharide component includes a rhamnan fragment constructed of -1,3- and, possibly, -1,2-bound L-rhamnose residues. The lipid component is constructed of glucosamine, glucose, and fatty acid residues, among which palmitic acid predominates.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 700–703, November–December, 1984.     

Carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum

It has been shown that the carbohydrates ofSymphytum asperum L. — a promising fodder plant — include water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, protopectin, hemicelluloses, a glucomannan, and cellulose. The quantitative amounts of the polysaccharide fractions in the raw material have been established and their characteristics are given. The protopectins of the leaves and stems ofSymphytum asperum L. have been characterized. Their macromolecules are based on a fragment constructed of D-galacturonic acid residues linked by -glycosidic bonds.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 15–20, January–February, 1984.     

Phytoecdysones ofAjuga turkestanica. III. The structure of turkesterone

Summary From the roots ofAjuga turkestanica (Rg1.) Briq. family Labiatae a new phytoecdysone — turkesterone — has been isolated. It has been shown that it is 1120R-dihydroxyecdysone.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 466–470, July–August, 1975.     

Polysaccharides from the inflorescences ofMatricaria matricarioides

Fractionation of the polysacchride complex of the inflorescences of pineapple weed has given a galacturonan and a pectic acid. The structures of the galacturonan and pectic acid have been studied by the methods of enzymatic hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, and exhaustive methylation. It has been established that the galacturonan is a linear polysaccharide consisting of D-galacturonic acid residues in the pyranose form with -14-bonds. The main polysaccharide chain of the pectic acid consists of D-galacturonic acid residues in the pyranose form, D-galactose, L-arbinose, and D-xylose residues are covalently bound to carbon atoms 2 or 3 of the main chain of the polysaccharide.I. P. Pavlov Medical Institute, Ryazan'. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 481–486, July–August, 1985.     

Isolation of the galactan ofPhyllophora nervosa and characterization of its structure

Summary 1. The chemical composition of the galactan of the Black-Sea algaPhyllophora nervosa has been established and its structure has been studied. The polysaccharide is linear and is constructed of D-galactose residued connected by 1 3 glycosidic bonds and of 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose residues connected by 1 4 bonds:-(4-0--D-Galp-13--D-3,6-AhGalp-1)-.2. The ester nature of the bond of the sulfuric acid residues with the primary and secondary carbon atoms of the galactose residues has been shown.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 693–698, November–December, 1976.     

Flavonoids ofHaplophyllum perforatum. Structure and hypoazotemic activity of haploside C

A new acylated glycoside of limocitrin has been isolated from the epigeal part ofHaplophyllum perforatum (M.B.) Kar. et Kir. — haploside C — which has the structure of 3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyflavone 7-O-[O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 2)-(6-O-acetyl--D-glucopyranoside)]. It has been established that haploside C possesses a pronounced hypoazotemic action.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 66–70, January–February, 1987.     

Metabolites from sponges as inhibitors of β-1, 3-glucanase

The action of a number of aromatic and nitrogen heterocyclic metabolites from sponges on -1,3-glucanase Lo from the bivalve molluskChlamys albidus has been investigated. The greatest inhibiting action on the activity of -1,3-glucanase Lo was shown by puupehenone derivatives.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Khimiya Priorodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 497–500, July–August, 1990.     

O-acylated flavonoid glycosides from the needles ofPicea obovata II. 3′- and 6′-isomers of p-coumaroylastragalin

Two monoacylated glycosides have been isolated from the needles ofPicea obovata — the previously unknown 3-p-coumaroylastragalin (I) and 6-p-coumaroylastragalin (II). It has been established that under the conditions of mild saponification and acid hydrolysis isomerization of (I) into (II) and the splitting out of the acy1 residue takes place. The position of the acy1 substituent has been shown by PMR spectroscopy using the INDOR method. The physicochemical characteristics of the acylated glycosides and of their heptaacetates are given.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Medicinal Plants, Moscow. Irkutsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 186–190, March–April, 1980.     

Amounts of protein and oil and activity of the trypsin inhibitor in different varieties of soybean

Fifteen varieties of soybean have been investigated for the amounts of protein, oil, and trypsin inhibitor that they contain. A high thermal stability of the latter has been detected. Information is given on the kinetics of the inhibition of the amidase and proteinase activity of trypsin. It has been shown that the trypsin inhibitor consists of a mixture of six proteins.Institute of Plant Biophysics and Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzhik SSR, Dushanbe. Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 84–88, January–February, 1980.     

Pectin substances ofChara aculeolata

Summary The carbohydrate complex of the Chara algaChara aculeolata Kütz includes an acid polysaccharide similar to the pectin substances of higher plants. It is based on a fragment constructed of -14 bound residues of D-galacturonic acid in the pyranose form. The pectin is characterized by a high homogeneity, a considerable content of D-galacturonic acid, and a low degree of acidification of the carboxy groups.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 702–705, November–December, 1976.