二氧化铈对钯汽车催化剂的氧化氮还原性能的影响

在火焰脉冲－微反装置上考察了Ｐｄ催化剂的三效性能，同时利用ＸＰＳ、ＴＰＲ和催化剂表面贮氧量的测定，研究了氧化柿对ＰｄＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３上三效性能的影响，尤其是对ＮＯｘ还原性能的影响。ＰｄＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的ＮＯｘ还原和ＨＣ的氧化互相干扰，ＣｅＯ２的加入能够改变Ｐｄ的电价，削弱ＨＣ的干扰，使ＮＯｘ还原活性在贫氧区（Ａ／Ｐ＜１４．７）大为提高。另外ＣｅＯ２还能提高Ｐｄ催化剂的表面贮氧量，降低ＮＯｘ的反应活化能，而且ＮＯｘ还原的高转化率向高空燃比扩展。     

Cu，Pd－ZSM－5上NO分解和CO氧化的催化作用

双交换Ｃｕ，ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂（Ｃｕ交换度为１０５％，Ｐｄ交换度分别为３．４％和３３％）对ＣＯ氧化反应有活性增强作用，对ＮＯ分解反应不存在增强效应．双交换催化剂在于交换程序不同，而表面物种不同，活性组分的分布状态不同，因而有不同的活性．先交换Ｃｕ，４００℃焙烧后再交换ｐｄ的Ｃｕ－Ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂，对上述两类反应的活性存双组分催化剂中均为最高．Ｈ_２－ＴＰＲ谱表明，共交换的Ｃｕ－Ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５中尚有部分ＣｕＣｌ＋占据了部分交换位置，而使ＣＯ氧化活性稍有下降．Ｎ_２－ＤＴＡ和Ｈ_２－ＴＰＲ谱结果表明，Ｐｄ交换到Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５中后，抑制了吸附水和水合铜化合物的形成，由此提高了在２００—３００℃时氧的吸附量．后者的大小和ＣＯ氧化活性有顺变关系．Ｎ_２－ＤＴＡ谱中３４０—４４５℃的放热峰可能分别表征了和ＮＯ分解活性有关的铜氧桥或把氧桥的形成，该放热峰的峰温愈低，峰面积愈大，则ＮＯ分解活性愈高．     

一氧化碳氧化的钯－铈催化剂性能研究

用浸渍法制备了不同浓度的Ｐｄ－Ｃｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，在固定床微反应器中测定了对ＣＯ催化氧化活性，并对催化剂作了ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、氢氧滴定及ＩＲ表征。结果表明：Ｐｄ－Ｃｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的活性低于Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的原因是Ｃｅ组份的加入增强了催化剂对产物ＣＯ２的吸附作用，阻碍了反应物ＣＯ的吸附。然而，Ｃｅ组份的加入却能抑制Ｐｄ组份的烧结。     

ＺｎＯ对Ａｕ-Ｐｄ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂甲醇部分氧化制氢性能的影响

采用沉积沉淀法制备了ＡｕＰｄ双金属催化剂,研究了ＺｎＯ对ＡｕＰｄ／ＣｅＯ２催化剂甲醇部分氧化性能的影响,并运用Ｎ２吸附、ＸＲＤ、ＵＶＶｉｓ、ＴＰＲ、Ｈ２ＴＰＤ和ＣＯＩＲ等手段对催化剂进行了表征．结果表明,ＺｎＯ的引入减少了Ｐｄ活性中心,降低了催化剂的活性,但提高了催化剂Ｈ２选择性和降低了ＣＯ选择性．ＡｕＰｄ／ＺｎＯＣｅＯ２催化剂的ＴＰＲ表明,在约２００℃时开始有部分ＺｎＯ被还原,ＣＯＩＲ显示ＣＯ吸收峰移向低频,这些结果表明ＡｕＰｄ／ＺｎＯＣｅＯ２催化剂中Ｐｄ和Ｚｎ之间发生了相互作用．Ｐｄ和Ｚｎ之间相互作用抑制了Ｐｄ的甲醇分解活性,有利于Ｈ２和ＣＯ２的生成,使Ａｕ-Ｐｄ／Ｚｎ-ＣｅＯ２催化剂表现出较高的Ｈ２选择性和较低的ＣＯ选择性．     

一氧化碳氧化的钯催化剂研究：Ⅱ.催化剂性能表征

分别用Ｘ－光电子能谱，Ｘ－射线衍射，氢氧滴定及红外光谱对催化剂Ｐｄ／α，δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３进行了表征。结果表明：催化剂的活性组份Ｐｄ是以氧化钯ＰｄＯ和氯氧化钯Ｃｌ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ－Ａｌ两种形式存在，当催化剂经８００℃高温焙烧后，绝大部分Ｃｌ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ－Ａｌ转化为ＰｄＯ高温促进ＰｄＯ烧结，活性中心减少，从而解释了催化剂Ｐｄ／α，δ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３经高温焙烧后活性降低的原因。     

Ni,Pd／Al2O3对丙酮加氢一步合成甲基异丁基酮性能比较

研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３负载Ｎｉ、Ｐｄ催化剂上丙酮加氢一步合成甲基异丁基酮的反应活性。考察了不同Ｎｉ含量和不同Ｐｄ含量对活性的影响。结果表明，在载体Ａｌ２Ｏ３中加入不同含量的ＳｉＯ２后，会改善载体的性能，Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂中添加稀土元素Ｌａ或Ｃｅ后可改善催化剂的稳定性。     

一氧化碳氧化的钯—铈催化剂性能研究

用浸渍法制备了不同浓度的Ｐｄ－Ｃｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，在固定床微反应器中测定了对ＣＯ催化氧化活性，并对催化剂作了ＸＲＤ、ＸＰＳ、氢氧滴定及ＩＲ表征。结果表明：Ｐ催化剂的活性低于Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３的原因是Ｃｅ组份的加入增强了催化剂对产物ＣＯ２的吸附作用，阻碍了反应物ＣＯ的吸附。然而，Ｃｅ组份的加入却能抑制Ｐｄ组份的烧结。     

负载Pt,Pd催化剂上NO—TPD和NO催化还原性能

负载Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ催化剂上ＮＯ－ＴＰＤ和ＮＯ催化还原性能１）钟依均（浙江师范大学化学系金华３２１００４）罗孟飞周碧袁贤鑫（杭州大学催化研究所杭州３１００２８）关键词负载Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ催化剂ＮＯ－ＴＰＤＣＯ－ＮＯ反应分类号Ｏ６４３．３２氮氧化物（ＮＯｘ）污染是...     

Pd－pt／Al_2O_3燃烧催化剂的活性和热稳定性

研究了Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂对有机物的完全氧化活性和热稳定性。结果表明：Ｐｄ－Ｐｔ双组分催化剂的活性高于单组分催化剂。在实验范围内，催化剂的氧化活性与Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ负载量无关，热稳定性受Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ负载量影响而与Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的表面积关系不大。高温处理引起催化剂表面Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ含量的降低是造成活性下降的主要原因。该催化剂对有机物具有很高的氧化活性，对氧的利用率很高，适用于工业有机废气的净化。     

CO在Pd／ZrO2—Al2O3催化剂上表面反应性能的研究

用流动反应法和ＴＰＳＲＭＳ等技术研究了ＣＯ在Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３和含有ＺｒＯ２的催化剂上的吸脱附行为、表面反应及催化氧化活性，同时用ＸＲＤ技术测定了催化剂的物相结构。结果表明，在Ｐｄ／γＡｌ２Ｏ３催化剂中用浸渍法添加ＺｒＯ２或掺杂超细ＺｒＯ２后，催化剂的氧化活性均有明显提高；ＣＯＴＰＳＲ的实验结果表明，ＣＯ在氧化态Ｐｄ催化剂上程序升温脱附过程中主要与表面氧发生氧化反应，而在还原态Ｐｄ催化剂上发生歧化反应，并发现ＣＯ２的脱附量及脱附峰温次序与对ＣＯ的氧化活性有一致的对应关系。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Catalyst free,visible-light promoted photoaddition reactions between C60 and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted tertiary amines for synthesis of aminomethyl-1,2-dihydrofullerenes

An efficient and benign method for the preparation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerenes has been developed. The process, involving catalyst free, visible-light irradiation of 10% EtOH-toluene solutions containing fullerene C₆₀ and N-trimethylsilylmethyl-substituted amines by using a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp, leads to formation of aminomethyl-substituted fullerene adducts in a highly efficient manner. The photoaddition reaction takes place via a pathway initiated by visible light absorption by C₆₀, followed by SET from the amine to the triplet excited state of C₆₀. Ethanol-promoted desilylation of the resulting a minimum radical then generates the corresponding α-amino radical which couples with the C₆₀ radical anion to form the anion precursor of the fullerene adducts. The new approach using visible-light takes place under mild conditions and it does not require the use of photocatalysts. Thus, the method developed in this effort could broadens the range of functionalized fullerene derivatives that can be readily prepared.     

Highly efficient and stereoselective cycloaddition of nitrones to indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates

The reactions of various nitrones with indolyl- and pyrrolylacrylates proceeds regioselectively with high diastereoselectivity in the case of aldonitrones, and represents an effective method for obtaining new indolyl- and pyrrolyl-substituted isoxazolidine carboxylates stabilized by weak (CH?O) and moderate (NH?N) strength intramolecular hydrogen bonding. The resulting cycloadducts exhibit promising in vitro anti-influenza activities.     

Transition metal-free direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources

A transition metal-free method for the direct amination of benzoxazoles using formamides as nitrogen sources is reported, which was mediated by an inexpensive and environmentally friendly tetrabutylammonium iodide/tert-butyl hydroperoxide system and gave the 2-aminobenzoxazole derivatives with moderate to good yields.     

l-Proline-catalyzed five-component domino reaction leading to multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines

Multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines are concisely synthesized in good yields via l-proline-catalyzed or l-proline/FeCl₃-cocatalyzed one-pot multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The MCRs involve a domino hydroamination/prins reaction/Mannich-type reaction/intramolecular dehydration-cyclization process. The molecular structure of 5baa, one of multifunctionalized 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines, was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Studies of Photoionization of CF3 I by Femtosecond Time-resolved Mass Spectrometry

The multi-photon dissociative photoionization dynamics of CF3I has been studied with femtosecond two-color pump-probe time of flight mass spectra at a pump pulse of 265 nm and a probe pulse of 398 nm. The life constants of CF3I+ and its fragment ions CF3+ and I+ are obtained as (96±7), (198±130) and (167±6)fs, respectively. The multi-photon dynamics leading to these ions differ. CF3I+ corresponds to a (1+2′) transition with one-photon pump excitation to the A band of CF3I. CF3+ are mainly formed by a tow-photon probe excitation to the CF3+ with subsequent dissociation of parent ions. I+ are produced in (2+2′) combined with (1+1′+2′) process. The results provide information on the multi-photon pathways involved.