醋渍鸡蛋钙含量变化的研究

钙是人体必需元素之一，根据我国人民的膳食构成及营养状况，膳食中的钙摄入量尚不够充足，为寻找提高钙摄入量的途径，作者对醋渍鸡蛋，蛋壳和醋中的钙含量进行了测定。结果表明：醋渍８天的鸡蛋白每１００ｇ含钙量可达６００ｍｇ左右，相当于正常鸡蛋的１２倍，渍蛋和渍蛋壳（８％）３天后的醋，每１００ｍＬ含钙量约８００ｍｇ，相当于普通食醋的２１倍左右，因此，作者认为食用醋渍鸡蛋，醋渍蛋壳和渍蛋后的醋，均可提高国人膳食     

一种金属有机框架纳米材料的制备及其染料吸附性能研究——推荐一个研究型综合化学实验

介绍一个从合成、表征到性能研究的完整研究型综合实验。合成路线巧妙,制备出了文献报道的尺寸最小的纳米金属有机框架。引入纳米材料研究基本表征手段和吸附动力学研究,通过实验教学展示材料研究方法,拓展学生知识面。通过对实验条件的设计,激发学生探索精神、培养学生创新意识、训练学生化学思维。     

二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征——推荐一个研究型综合实验

介绍一个研究型综合实验——二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征。实验预先利用热浸渍法在α-Al_2O_3多孔载体管外表面引入NaA沸石分子筛晶种,再通过二次生长法合成NaA沸石分子筛膜。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征载体管和NaA沸石分子筛及膜的形貌和结构,并利用渗透蒸发乙醇脱水膜分离装置测试膜的分离性能。通过本实验使学生了解膜分离技术这一科学前沿领域,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养学生的科研探究能力。本实验涵盖合成、表征及性能测试,知识要点多、学科覆盖面广,有利于提升学生的实践操作能力、创新意识和综合运用知识的能力。     

海藻酸盐微胶囊及纳米Fe_3O_4的可控制备及应用的研究——介绍一个综合探究实验

介绍一个综合探究实验——制备海藻酸钙微胶囊和纳米Fe_3O_4,研究其吸附水中有机物和金属离子的效果。本实验与前沿接轨,能充分激发学生的学习兴趣,变被动学习为主动,有利于提升学生的综合探究能力。     

Direct Synthesis in the Undergraduate Laboratory: Synthesis of Copper Complexes from Zero-Valent Metals as a Demonstration of Base-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis

Direct synthesis is an important and active research field for scientists and technologists involved with the use of elemental metals. An undergraduate laboratory demonstration is presented that exposes students to this important synthetic technique. The direct synthesis of [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺ and [Cu(en)₂]²⁺ complexes in aqueous solution from zero-valent Cu metal is employed as an experiment illustrating the oxidizing properties of alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions. The experiment also shows the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by the copper complexes. Finally, students can learn that the direct oxidation of metallic copper by alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution is an efficient and novel alternative approach to synthesize these and other copper complexes.     

Corrosion of Heritage Objects: Collagen‐Like Triple Helix Found in the Calcium Acetate Hemihydrate Crystal Structure

Helical motifs are common in nature, for example, the DNA double or the collagen triple helix. In the latter proteins, the helical motif originates from glycine, the smallest amino acid, whose molecular confirmation is closely related to acetic acid. The combination of acetic acid with calcium and water, which are also omnipresent in nature, materializing as calcium acetate hemihydrate, was now revealed to exhibit a collagen‐like triple helix structure. This calcium salt is observed as efflorescence phase on calcareous heritage objects, like historic Mollusca shells, pottery or marble reliefs. In a model experiment pure calcium acetate hemihydrate was crystallized on the surface of a terracotta vessel. Calcium acetate hemihydrate crystallizes in a surprisingly large unit cell with a volume of 11,794.5(3) ų at ambient conditions. Acetate ions bridge neighboring calcium cations forming spiral chains, which are arranged in a triple helix motif.     

Highly fluorescent carbon dots from peanut shells as potential probes for copper ion: The optimization and analysis of the synthetic process

The use of natural materials, a renewable resource, instead of chemicals as carbon precursors for simple synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) remains a significant challenge. Here, we report the preparation of FCDs with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) of 10.58% from peanut shells via one-pot pyrolysis treatment optimized by using a central composite experiment design. Optimum pyrolysis conditions were found to be 400 °C temperature, 4 h duration, and 70 g peanut shell weight. The as-prepared FCDs possess unique excitation-dependent behavior, good water dispersibility and high photostability. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the pyrolytic process indicated the complete combustion of peanut shells happened at 3 and 4 h at 400 °C. The PL intensity of the FCDs was not always proportional to the corresponding QY value in our work due to the different amount of carbon-rich residues after the pyrolysis process. Fluorescence-quenching trials were conducted to analyze their sensitivity and selectivity in Cu²⁺ detection. The detection limit was found to be 4.8 μM. Our pyrolysis treatment of peanut shells for preparing FCDs is not only a green and facile method but also a means of recycling peanut shells.     

铜卟啉合成及其敏化二氧化钛光催化剂的制备——一个大学化学综合性实验

介绍了一个大学化学综合性实验——铜卟啉合成及其敏化二氧化钛光催化剂的制备。该实验是一个科研转化的大学生综合化学实验,内容包括铜四苯基卟啉的合成、铜四苯基卟啉敏化二氧化钛光催化剂的制备,以及光催化剂对水中有机污染物的降解。通过本实验,可以拓宽学生的化学专业知识,提高学生的综合实验操作技能,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养学生的科研探究能力。     

漂白粉中总钙量测定方法的改进

采用过氧化氢去除漂白粉中的有效氯,直接测定漂白粉中总钙量,探讨过氧化氢用量,反应时间,试剂加入顺序对实验结果的影响。结果表明,当过氧化氢用量为1.5～4.5 mL,反应时间为3 min时,试剂加入顺序为：过氧化氢―氨性缓冲溶液―Mg2＋-EDTA―铬黑T,体系对测定结果影响最小。用该方法测定了漂白粉中总钙量,其相对标准...     

2-羟基-1-萘甲醛缩邻苯二胺席夫碱及其铜(Ⅱ)配合物的合成及组成测定——介绍一个大学化学综合实验

设计开发了一个大学化学综合性实验,合成了2-羟基-1-萘甲醛缩邻苯二胺席夫碱及其铜(Ⅱ)配合物,分别采用化学分析法和仪器分析法对配合物的组成进行了测定,并结合红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行了表征,取得了满意的实验结果。该实验一定程度上弥补了大学化学教学实验中合成有机金属配位化合物教学资源的匮乏。通过该实验的实施,可使学生进一步巩固回流、纯化、离心等基本操作技能,掌握摩尔比法测定配合物配位数及稳定常数的原理和方法,同时掌握运用有机波谱技术推断和鉴定分子结构的方法。本实验有利于培养学生综合运用有机化学、无机化学、化学分析及仪器分析等知识解决具体问题的能力,同时有利于学生了解席夫碱及其金属配合物的性质、研究动态等,激发学生对科学研究的热情,培养学生系统的科学思维和研究能力。