活性炭纤维对CS2蒸气的动态吸附研究

本文选用国产聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(CPANACF)作吸附剂,过热水蒸气作脱附剂,研究了CS_2蒸气的吸附与脱附的动态行为,分析了动态吸附影响因素。结果表明,该吸附体系是以气相界膜外扩散控制为主的,其吸附波遵循恒定模式规则,低温、低浓度、高流速等对吸附有利。     

金属有机骨架材料在吸附分离研究中的应用进展

作为一种新型的纳米多孔材料,金属有机骨架材料（Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs）在近二十余年中得到了飞速的发展.MOFs材料由无机金属离子和有机配体通过自组装形成,具有许多优于传统多孔材料的特性.超高的比表面积、较高的孔隙率、可调的孔道尺寸、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性使得MOFs材料在多个领域中展现出了广阔的应用前景.随着研究的不断深入,MOFs材料被广泛应用于催化反应、吸附分离、生物医学等领域中,并表现出了优异的效果.本文着力于近年来MOFs材料在吸附分离研究中的进展,重点介绍了这类材料在能源气体贮存、碳捕获、膜分离、液相吸附、色谱的分离净化方面的应用,并对其今后的发展进行了展望.     

金属有机框架材料用于去除环境污染物研究进展

金属-有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是以有机配体为连接体以及以金属离子或金属离子簇为节点,由配位键自组装形成的具有周期性结构的金属配位聚合物.自20世纪以来,MOFs的研究取得了突破性的进展.研究发现,MOFs不仅在光、电、磁、催化方面具有潜在的应用前景,而且在识别与交换、存储与吸附、化合物的选择性分离等方面也具有日益广泛的应用,正在发展成为一种新型多功能材料.近年来,研究人员对MOFs在吸附去除各种环境污染物机理和应用进行了较为系统深入的研究.本文就以下几方面进行阐述:MOFs对农药分子的吸附去除;水中有机染料分子与PPCPs(药物及个人护理产品)的吸附去除;水中重金属离子的吸附去除;大气中PMs(悬浮颗粒物)的吸附去除四个部分.     

复合功能吸附树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的吸附特性

研究了NDA-99复合功能吸附树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的吸附及脱附行为.结果表明,该树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的吸附与脱附效果较好.在283-313K和研究的浓度范围内,吸附行为符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温式,该树脂对2,4-二硝基苯酚的动态吸附量为161.8mg/g.用质量分数为10%NaOH溶液作脱附剂,温度333K,体积为5BV(床体积)时,脱附率为96.7%,树脂可反复使用,并回收2,4-二硝基苯酚.     

铜,钾助剂对铁基催化剂吸附—脱附性能的影响

气-固相催化反应活性很大程度上依赖于反应组分在催化剂表面上的吸附与脱附行为,因此,研究反应组分在催化剂表面的吸附与脱附性质对了解催化剂表面活性部位分布、催化活性、反应机理等具有重要意义。本文用程序升温脱附(TPD)及稳态化学吸附研究了具有良好催化活性的F-T合成铁基催化剂对CO和H_2的吸附、脱附特性,并讨论了Cu、K助剂的影响。     

石墨烯/金属-有机框架复合材料制备及其应用

金属-有机框架(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)是由金属离子与有机配体通过配位键连接而成的高度有序多孔网络框架。MOFs具有比表面积大、孔径可调、结构多样等特性,在材料、环境以及生物医药等领域的应用具有潜在的优势。但是,MOFs存在易水解、稳定性较低、导电性差以及不易加工等缺点,与其他材料复合是改善其性能的有效途径之一。石墨烯具有突出的化学稳定性、良好的导电性、光学特性和力学特性等性能。石墨烯与MOFs的复合可有效提高和改善MOFs光电性能、稳定性以及可回收利用性。本综述介绍了原位生长法、界面生长法和共混成型法等石墨烯/MOFs复合材料的制备方法。进一步论述了其在气体分离与存储、水体净化、化学传感器和催化剂领域的应用。最后,对石墨烯/MOFs复合材料制备技术的开发及其潜在应用进行了总结和展望。     

水分子对金属有机骨架材料结构及性能的影响

金属有机骨架材料(Metal-Organic Frameworks, MOFs)是一种新型有机-无机杂化材料,其在气体的吸附分离、催化、磁学、生物医学等领域表现出诱人的应用前景.但是,在水分子存在的情况下MOFs结构及性能会受到很大的影响,极大的阻碍了其工业化进程.本文系统介绍了水分子对MOFs结构的破坏机理,并从金属和配体两方面总结了在水分子存在的情况下MOFs的稳定性问题;阐述了水分子的吸附机理以及吸附水分子后MOFs性能的变化;并且对水分子影响问题的研究趋势做了展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考.     

功能化金属有机骨架材料去除饮用水污染物的研究进展

金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料是一类以过渡金属为中心、含杂原子的有机物为配体、通过配位作用形成的周期性网络多孔晶体材料。与其他的多孔材料相比,MOFs配体种类繁多,比表面积极大,孔径大小可调控且具有特殊(饱和或不饱和)的金属位点,在气体存储、催化、吸附与分离等领域有广阔的应用前景。近年来,功能化MOFs对污染物的富集和去除成为学者关注的热点。这是由于通过对MOFs进行功能化修饰,能够改变MOFs的孔径大小、表面带电性质等物化性质,从而实现对目标物更高效的吸附。该文综述了近年来功能化MOFs对饮用水污染物吸附的研究进展,包括饮用水污染物的类型及危害、功能化MOFs的制备方法以及去除饮用水污染物的应用,并对今后的发展前景进行了展望。     

活性炭纤维吸附的研究：Ⅰ—不同工艺制备的活性炭纤维的性能比较

本文比较研究了五种不同工艺制备的活性炭纤维的产率，比表面积，孔结构，对有机溶剂蒸汽的吸附和脱附性能，对水溶液中亚甲基兰，苯酚和碘的吸附性能以及它们的热稳定性。实验结果表明，水蒸气活化的ＡＣＦ比化学活化的ＡＣＦ有更大的比表面积，但前者产品产率较低而后者很高；不论水蒸气活化还是化学活化的ＡＣＦ，它们对有机溶剂饱和蒸汽的吸附量都较高，脱附和再吸附的性能也都较好，对水溶液中的苯酚都有较好的吸附能力，但化学     

MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的制备及其应用研究

金属有机框架(MOFs)具有大量的孔隙结构和活性位点,在气体吸附、催化、医疗等领域均发挥了巨大的作用。MOFs是晶体粉末,具有脆性较大、在水中易分解和不易回收等缺点,从而限制了其应用。通过MOFs与柔性高分子的复合,特别是与水凝胶的复合,极大地改善了复合材料的柔顺性、可回收和可加工性等特性,进一步拓宽了MOFs的应用领域。本文详细阐述了基于水凝胶MOFs原位生成法、MOFs /水凝胶同时生成法和水凝胶包裹MOFs法等三种不同方法制备MOFs/水凝胶复合材料的研究进展,并对上述三种制备方法的特点及其产物特征进行了总结,进一步归纳了复合材料在生物医药、催化、废水处理和气体吸附等领域的应用。最后,对MOFs/水凝胶复合材料制备方法的改进和复合材料应用前景进行了深入讨论和展望。     

Correlation of Adsorption Equilibrium Data for Water Vapor on F-200 Activated Alumina

Single component adsorption equilibrium data for water vapor on commercially available activated alumina F-200 measured in a previous study (Serbezov, 2003) is correlated by two adsorption isotherm equations, both of which are based on the adsorption potential theory. The first equation is the well known Dubinin-Astakhov (D-A) equation. The second equation is obtained from a methodology proposed by Kotoh et al. (1993). It is referred to as a dual mechanism adsorption potential (DMAP) equation because it is a linear combination of two D-A terms with n = 1 where each term accounts for a specific mechanism of water retention. The D-A equation has two fitting parameters; the DMAP equation has three fitting parameters. The DMAP model provides a better fit for the adsorption data than the D-A model, while neither model describes the desorption data well. Analysis of the DMAP equation parameters shows that most of the water is retained by virtue of capillary condensation. In addition to fitting the experimental data, the heat of adsorption was calculated as function of the relative humidity and adsorbent loading. When capillary condensation is present, the heat of adsorption is only slightly higher than the latent heat of vaporization.     

囊泡状二氧化硅的合成及油气吸附性能

以正硅酸四甲酯(TMOS)为硅源,P123(EO20PO70EO20)为表面活性剂,在p H=6的磷酸缓冲体系中制备了囊泡状二氧化硅材料.利用乙醇萃取脱除模板剂P123,电镜观测结果表明所得二氧化硅具有大孔囊泡结构,N2吸附结果表明其具有高比表面积和大孔容.通过Boehm滴定法确定了硅羟基数量与吸水率呈正相关.用囊泡状二氧化硅材料与商业化活性炭(AC)和硅胶(SG)对水蒸气、正己烷和油气进行静态吸附.在自建的动态正己烷吸附装置上用对囊泡状二氧化硅材料和商业化AC和SG对正己烷进行动态吸附.吸附结果表明,囊泡状二氧化硅材料的静/动态吸附容量和稳定性都远高于商业化活性炭和硅胶.     

Diffusion mechanism of water vapour in a zeolitic tuff rich in clinoptilolite

The adsorption kinetics of H₂O in a clinoptilolite rich zeolitic tuff was experimentally investigated at 18°C. In the identification of the diffusion mechanism the isothermal adsorption model equation was used. It was found out that the intraparticle mass transfer becomes more dominant over the heat transfer with increase in particle size and the adsorptive dose pressure. Although initially intraparticle mass transfer was the controlling resistance later external heat transfer also contributes to the transfer mechanism.     

水蒸气对高岭土高温吸附铅的影响

使用沉降炉开展了水蒸气对高岭土高温吸附铅影响的实验研究，其中铅的形态为PbO和PbCl₂两种。首先研究了0-20%水蒸气对高岭土吸附PbO（1100-1300 ℃）和PbCl₂（800-1300 ℃）的影响规律，然后基于XRD、SEM和残余羟基率等分析，掌握了水蒸气影响高岭土高温吸附的机理。结果表明，水蒸气可以减少高岭土表面羟基的高温脱落，从而阻碍了PbO吸附、促进了PbCl₂吸附。综合高温下惰性莫来石的出现和高岭土孔隙结构的坍塌等因素，PbO和PbCl₂的最佳吸附温度分别为1200和1000 ℃。     

Influences of acid and heat treatments on the structure and water vapor adsorption property of natural zeolite

Natural zeolite was first acid treated and then heat treated. The influences of acid and heat treatments on the structure and water vapor adsorption property of natural zeolite were investigated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) surface areas were employed to investigate the structure changes of the zeolite samples. Water vapor adsorption property of the samples was investigated in order to determine wettability of the samples. The results showed that nitric acid treatment could remove Al from the structure, decrease relative crystallinity, and significantly increase specific surface area of the zeolite samples. Heat treatment could change or even destroy the structure, effectively remove water molecules from the surface/structure, and decrease the specific surface area of the zeolite samples. Water vapor adsorptions on the acid‐treated zeolite samples were significantly lower than that for the zeolite sample, and the adsorptions further reduced for the heat‐treated zeolite samples. The increase of Si/Al ratio, decreases of silanol groups, and specific surface area of the samples were major reasons related to the reductions of water vapor adsorptions on the zeolite samples.     

Surface Coating of Amorphous TiOx Enables Efficient Vapor-fed Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting with Substantial Apparent Quantum Yield

Photocatalytic overall water splitting represents a promising strategy for sustainable hydrogen production. However, photocorrosion and dissolution of photocatalysts and cocatalysts are common concern for the solid-liquid phase reaction. Recently, the above issues could be addressed by Domen and coworkers, when the photocatalytic water splitting was conducted in the presence of water vapor, which dramatically restrain the undesired corrosion of the photocatalysts and cocatalysts. Besides, surface decoration of hygroscopic TiO_x layer promotes adsorption of water molecules and prevents the corrosion process. In addition, vapor-fed photocatalytic water splitting remains considerable apparent quantum yield compared with the liquid water photocatalytic overall water splitting at pressurized condition, which endows great potential in practical application.     

Measurement and Modeling of Water Vapor Adsorption on Zeolite 4A—Equilibria and Kinetics

The adsorption of water vapor on Zeolite 4A has been analyzed. Both equilibrium and kinetics are examined. The equilibrium is measured with a static-volumetric method in a wide range of partial pressure and temperature and is modeled by several conventional approaches and a new type isotherm model, which fitted the obtained data best. Kinetics are determined by measuring breakthrough curves. The breakthrough curves are matched by a detailed model based on a modified linear driving force (LDF) approximation for the mass exchange. An analytic expression for the corresponding LDF-coefficient is designed in order to describe its dependency on water concentration, temperature and pressure. For the practical range of operating conditions the dependency on concentration can be described by the nonlinearity of the adsorption isotherm. The dependency on temperature and pressure corresponds to that of molecular diffusion. The presented data and models for equilibria and kinetics provide a basis for modeling and optimizing air-drying processes containing Zeolite 4A.An erratum to this article can be found at     

Thermal behavior and water adsorption of natural and modified sepiolite having dolomite from Turkey

The water adsorption properties of sepiolite having dolomite supplied from Eskisehir region and their exchanged forms (K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺) were investigated. The sepiolite samples were characterized using XRD, TG-DTA, DSC and nitrogen adsorption methods. The temperature ranges were determined for the dehydrations of hydroscopic and zeolitic water as 30–200°C, for the dehydration of the bound water as 250–750°C and for the dehydroxylation of hydroxyls as 810–850°C in the sample. It was observed that the value of percent mass loss for natural and modified samples varied in the range from 36.70 to 39.05%. Two mass loss steps for all samples were observed using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in the range of 30–550°C. Adsorption isotherms for water on natural and modified forms were obtained at pressures up to 2.39 kPa. Uptake of water increased as K-SEP.<Na-SEP.<Mg-SEP.<Ca-SEP. for sepiolite samples at 293 K.     

医用多孔壳聚糖膜的制备及性能研究

以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为致孔剂,制备了多孔壳聚糖膜,并用扫描电镜对其表面和断面形貌进行了分析,同时对膜的吸水性、水蒸气透过性、比表面积、力学性能及生物相容性等进行了考察。分析结果表明:以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为致孔剂,制备的多孔壳聚糖膜孔径均匀,吸水性好,孔隙率高,比表面积大,膜的最大吸水率、孔隙率和比表面积分别为196%、71.5%和1.0472 m2.g-1;膜的力学性能好,最大抗拉强度为273.17MN/m2。     

Correlation between crystal texture and microporous structure of carbon adsorbents

A correlation of adsorption and X-ray data for a series of both initial and modified active carbons (AC) was performed. The AC were modified by thermal treatment and progressive activation. A linear correlation between the sizes of crystallites and micropore widths of AC was established. It was shown that the adsorption of water vapor results in an increase in the parameterL _aof crystallites of active carbons.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2159–2162, November, 1995.The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 94-03-09550).