Nickel and potassium co-modified β-Mo2C catalyst for CO conversion

Nickel and potassium co-modified -Mo2C catalysts were prepared and used for CO hydrogenation reaction. The major products over -Mo2C were C1–C4 hydrocarbons, only few alcohols were obtained. Addition of potassium resulted in remarkable selectivity shift from hydrocarbons to alcohols at the expense of CO conversion over -Mo2C. Moreover, it was found that potassium enhanced the ability of chain propagation with a higher C2+OH production. Modified by nickel, -Mo2C showed a relatively high CO conversion, however, the products were similar to those of pure -Mo2C. When co-modified by nickel and potassium, -Mo2C exhibited high activity and selectivity towards mixed alcohols synthesis, and also the whole chain propagation to produce alcohols especially for the stage of C1OH to C2OH was remarkably enhanced. It was concluded that the Ni and K had, to some extent, synergistic effect on CO conversion.     

Selective oxidation of ethane to aldehydes over SBA-15 supported molybdenum catalyst

SBA-15 supported Mo catalysts （Moy/SBA-15） were prepared by an ultrasonic assisted incipient-wetness impregnation method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by means of N2-adsorption-desorption, XRD, TEM, UV-Vis, Raman, XANES and H2-TPR. The results showed that a trace amount of MoO3 was produced on high Mo content samples. Tum-over frequency （TOF） and product selectivity are dependent on the molybdenum content. Both Mo0.75/SBA-15 and Mo1.75/SBA-15 catalysts give the higher catalytic activity and the selectivity to the total aldehydes for the selective oxidation of C2H6. At the reaction temperature of 625℃, the maximum yield of aldehydes reached 4.2% over Mo0.75/SBA-15 catalyst. The improvement of the activity and selectivity was related with the state of MoOx species.     

Dehydrocyclization of Diphenylamine to Carbazole over Platinum-Based Bimetallic Catalysts

 Gas phase dehydrocyclization of diphenylamine (DPA) to carbazole over monometallic and bimetallic 0.4 wt% Pt-based catalysts in a fixed bed reactor was studied in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of 550 ^oC. Alumina and carbon supported Pt catalysts showed very high initial activity (> 95%). The selectivity for carbazole over carbon supported Pt catalysts was slightly lower. Doping of the catalyst with potassium led to an increase in the selectivity for carbazole by 15%. Bimetallic Pt-Sn catalysts prepared by co-impregnation were less selective than catalysts prepared by successive impregnation. The selectivity for carbazole over bimetallic Pt-Sn catalysts prepared by successive impregnation was 75%, but their activity decreased with increased Sn loading. Highly active and reasonably selective catalysts were Ir-doped bimetallic Pt-based catalysts. The conversion of diphenylamine over Pt-Ir catalysts was above 98% and the selectivity for carbazole was nearly 55%, while the lifetime was much longer.     

Higher alcohol synthesis over Cu-Fe composite oxides with high selectivity to C2+OH

Cu-Fe composite oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method and tested for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas. The selectivity to C2+OH and C6+OH in alcohol distribution was very high while the methane product fraction in hydrocarbon distribution was rather low, demonstrating a promising potential in higher alcohols synthesis from syngas. The distribution of alcohols and hydrocarbons approximately obeyed Anderson-Schulz-Flory distribution with similar chain growth probability, indicating alcohols and hydrocarbons derived from the same intermediates. The effects of Cu/Fe molar ratio, reaction temperature and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) on catalytic performance were studied in detail. The sample with a Cu/Fe molar ratio of 10/1 exhibited the best catalytic performance. Higher reaction temperature accelerated water-gas-shift reaction and led to lower total alcohols selectivity. GHSV showed great effect on catalytic performance and higher GHSV increased the total alcohol selectivity, indicating there existed visible dehydration reaction of alcohol into hydrocarbon.     

Fabrication of K-promoted iron/carbon nanotubes composite catalysts for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of lower olefins

K-promoted iron/carbon nanotubes composite(i.e., Fe K-OX) was prepared by a redox reaction between carbon nanotubes and K_2FeO_4followed by thermal treatments on a purpose as the Fischer–Tropsch catalyst for the direct conversion of syngas to lower olefins. Its catalytic behaviors were compared with those of the other two Fe-IM and Fe K-IM catalysts prepared by impregnation method followed by thermal treatments. The novel Fe K-OX composite catalyst is found to exhibit higher hydrocarbon selectivity,lower olefins selectivity and chain growth probability as well as better stability. The catalyst structureperformance relationship has been established using multiple techniques including XRD, Raman, TEM and EDS elemental mapping. In addition, effects of additional potassium into the Fe K-OX composite catalyst on the FTO performance were also investigated and discussed. Additional potassium promoters further endow the catalysts with higher yield of lower olefins. These results demonstrated that the introduction method of promoters and iron species plays a crucial role in the design and fabrication of highly active,selective and stable iron-based composite catalysts for the FTO reaction.     

Nickel and potassium co-modified β-Mo2C catalyst for CO conversion

Nickel and potassium co-medified β-Mo2C catalysts were prepared and used for CO hydrogenation reaction. The major products over β-Mo2C were C1-C4 hydrocarbons, only few alcohols were obtained. Addition of potassium resulted in remarkable selectivity shift from hydrocarbons to alcohols at the expense of CO conversion over β-Mo2C. Moreover, it was found that potassium enhanced the ability of chain propagation with a higher C2+OH production. Modified by nickel, β-Mo-2C showed a relatively high CO conversion, however, the products were similar to those of pure β-Mo2C. When co-modified by nickel and potassium,β-Mo2C exhibited high activity and selectivity towards mixed alcohols synthesis, and also the whole chain propagation to produce alcohols especially for the stage of C1OH to C2OH was remarkably enhanced. It was concluded that the Ni and K had, to some extent, synergistic effect on CO conversion.     

乙烷氧化脱氢用Ni/Al2O3催化剂中活性镍物种前驱体（英文）

Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation(ODH) of ethane were prepared by impregnation of Al2O3 with nickel acetate or nickel nitrate,and by mechanical mixing of NiO and Al2O3.The Ni-based catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,diffuse reflectance UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen.The results showed that formation of crystalline NiO particles with a size of < 8 nm and/or non-stoichiometric NiO species in the Ni/Al2O3 catalysts led to more active species in ODH of ethane under the investigated reaction conditions.In contrast,tetrahedral Ni species present in the catalysts led to higher selectivity for ethene.Formation of large crystalline NiO particles(22-32 nm) over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts decreased the selectivity for ethene.     

Improved catalytic performance of Ni catalysts for steam methane reforming in a micro-channel reactor

Milliseconds process to produce hydrogen by steam methane reforming （SMR） reaction, based on Ni catalyst rather than noble catalyst such as Pd, Rh or Ru, in micro-channel reactors has been paid more and more attentions in recent years. This work aimed to further improve the catalytic performance of nickel-based catalyst by the introduction of additives, i.e., MgO and FeO, prepared by impregnation method on the micro-channels made of metal-ceramic complex substrate. The prepared catalysts were tested in the same micro-channel reactor by switching the catalyst plates. The results showed that among the tested catalysts Ni-Mg catalyst had the highest activity, especially under harsh conditions, i.e., at high space velocity and/or low reaction temperature. Moreover, the catalyst activity and selectivity were stable during the 12 h on stream test even when the ratio of steam to carbon （SIC） was as low as 1.0. The addition of MgO promoted the active Ni species to have a good dispersion on the substrate, leading to a better catalytic performance for SMR reaction.     

Dimethylether production on zeolite catalysts activated by Cl-, F- and/or ultrasonication

The chlorinated and fluorinated zeolite catalysts were prepared by the impregnation of zeolites( H-ZSM-5,H-MOR or H-Y) using two halogen precursors( ammonium chloride and ammonium fluoride) in this study. The influence of ultrasonic irradiation was evaluated for optimizing both halogen precursors for production of dimethylether( DME) via methanol dehydration in a fixed bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by SEM,XRD,BET and NH3-TPD. The reaction conditions were temperatures from 100 to 300 ℃ and a WHSV = 15. 9 h-1. All halogenated catalysts showhigher catalytic activities at all reaction temperatures studied. However, the halogenated zeolite catalysts prepared under ultrasonic irradiation showhigher performance for DME formation. The chlorinated zeolite catalysts show higher activity and selectivity for DME production than the respective fluorinated versions.     

On the Role of Vanadia Species for VOx／SiO2 in the Selective Oxidation of Methane

Various VOx/SiO2 catalysts were prepared by the methods of physical mixing, conventional wetness impregnation and ultrasonication-assistant impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis DRS, Raman, TPR, ESR and TPSR techniques and the nature of the vanadium species were correlated to their catalytic performance in the reaction of direct conversion of methane to formaldehyde. It is concluded that highly dispersed monomeric and low oligomeric vanadia species are formed on the sample prepared with both traditional wetness impregnation method and ultrasonication-assistant impregnation, whereas in the latter case, the amount of oligomeric vanadia species is much smaller. The V2O5 microcrystallines are the dominant species on the material prepared by physical mixing method. During the selective oxidation of methane, Vv species are reduced to V^IV paramagnetic species and both microcrystalline V205 species and oligomeric vanadia species are found to further disperse and transform into tetrahedral vanadia species. Based on the results of UV Raman spectroscopy and TPSR, C02 is suggested to be formed via two different routes, in which one is from the sequence reaction of CH4→ HCHO→ CO → CO2 over monomeric vanadia species, and the other is from the direct oxidation of methane to CO2 over oligomeric vanadia species. Oligomeric vanadia species is more active than monomeric vanadia species for methane activation.     

射频等离子体对合成低碳醇用CuCoAl催化剂的改性作用

采用共浸渍法制备了CuCo/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,应用射频等离子体技术对催化剂进行改性处理。以CO加氢合成低碳醇为模型反应对催化剂进行活性评价,通过X射线物相分析(XRD)、氢氧滴定(HOT)、CO程序升温脱附(CO-TPD)和程序升温还原(TPR)等技术对催化剂进行表征,研究了射频等离子体技术强化处理对催化剂结构、吸附性能和还原性能的影响。结果表明,等离子体技术改性处理提高了催化剂活性组分的分散度,细化了铜物种的晶粒尺寸,增加反应活性位并调变了活性位对吸附物种的吸附强度,改进了催化剂的还原性能,等离子体改性处理的催化剂比未处理的样品CO加氢反应活性和低碳醇的时空产率显著提高。     

射频等离子体技术制备合成低碳醇用铜钴基催化剂

采用射频等离子体技术制备了CO加氢合成低碳醇用新型CuCo/ZrO2催化剂, 研究了等离子体气氛氮气、氢气和先氮气后氢气处理对催化剂结构和性能的影响, 并应用BET、XRD、XPS、TG和TPR技术对催化剂进行了表征. 与常规焙烧制得的样品相比, 射频等离子体技术制备的催化剂可有效抑制烃类生成, 提高总醇选择性, 大幅提高反应活性和低碳醇的时空收率. 表征结果显示, 等离子体技术使催化剂前驱体在低温下分解形成活性相, 显著提高了催化剂比表面积, 促进催化剂活性组分晶粒细化并提高其分散度, 催化剂表面的铜含量增加.     

氮掺杂碳纳米管担载CuCoCe对合成气制低碳醇的催化性能

以三聚氰胺为氮源,控制其与碳纳米管混合比例,经过高温焙烧得到不同氮含量的氮掺杂碳纳米管(xN-CNTs)载体;通过浸渍法制备x N-CNTs担载的CuCoCe催化剂,研究了氮掺杂对其催化合成气制低碳醇性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N_2吸附-脱附、H_2程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,分析催化剂结构特性,关联了构效关系。结果表明,氮的掺杂量会影响催化剂活性组分Cu的存在状态及分散情况,减少可还原Co物种的数量,降低催化剂表面酸强度及酸量,使得长链烃类的生成受到抑制,总醇选择性明显提高。分析认为,掺杂在碳管上N的形态分布及掺杂量是影响上述因素的关键。     

Mn改性Ni/K/MoS2合成低碳醇催化剂反应性能研究

以不同的添加方式在Ni/K/MoS2催化剂中加入Mn助剂，考察其合成醇反应性能。结果表明，Mn/Ni/K/MoS2催化剂具有较好的合成低碳混合醇反应性能。共沉淀法以醋酸锰为前驱体加入0.6%的Mn助剂后，C2+含量，醇时空产率及选择性均明显提高;分步沉淀法使Mn的加入量增加到0.6%，醇时空产率明显增加。以浸渍法按化学计量加入Mn助剂考察其含量对催化剂合成醇性能的影响，当Mn/Mo（原子比）为1∶时，反应条件为315 ℃, 9.5 MPa, 6 000 h－1，醇时空产率和醇选择性分别达到最高值0.338?g/mL·h和69.6%。300 h的稳定性测试结果表明，共沉淀法改性的催化剂具有良好的稳定性。     

不同方法制备的Cu－Co低碳醇合成催化剂的比较研究Ⅰ．吸附态CO的红外光谱

本文并行考察了用溶剂化金属原子分散（ＳＭＡＤ）、浸渍、共沉淀三种方法制备的Ｃｕ－Ｃｏ催化剂的一氧化碳加氢反应（５６３Ｋ，６ＭＰａ，Ｈ２／ＣＯ＝２）性能及吸附态ＣＯ的红外光谱．结果表明：（１）三种催化剂上反应产物均为Ｃ１－Ｃ５正构醇及正构烃，总醇的选择性依下列次序递增：ＳＭＡＤ＜浸渍＜共沉淀；（２）表面低配位钻中心上多重吸附态ＣＯ的红外吸收峰的面积分数，对不同催化剂的变化规律，与醇选择性的变化一致；（３）高温还原和焙烧均使醇选择性下降，同时使表面低配位Ｃｏ０中心减少．据此讨论了ＣＯ插入中心，活性结构及制备方法的影响．     

Fe_2O_3／ZrO_2催化剂的结构及其F－T反应催化性能的研究

Ｆｅ_２Ｏ_３／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂的结构及其Ｆ－Ｔ反应催化性能的研究陈开东，范以宁，颜其洁（南京大学化学系南京２１００９３）关键词铁锆催化剂，一氧化碳加氢，低碳烯烃１．前言将合成气催化转化为低碳烯烃是实现煤碳和天然气资源优化利用的一条重要途径。有关该催化...     

不同Cu源与Zn源对CuZnAl催化剂催化合成气制乙醇性能的影响

采用完全液相法以不同的铜源和锌源为原料制备了CuZnAl催化剂,在浆态床反应器中考察了其催化合成气合成乙醇的性能,并采用XRD、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD-MS及BET技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,以乙酸铜替换硝酸铜,抑制了热处理过程中Cu₂O的还原,提高了催化剂的比表面积,为催化剂具有较高的乙醇选择性提供了适宜的酸中心和孔径,其总醇选择性达45.6%,总醇中乙醇所占比例达28.7%。     

沉淀方法对FeMnCu/ZnO合成低碳醇催化剂性能的影响

以分步连续沉淀法和共沉淀法制备了一系列FeMnCu/ZnO复合氧化物合成低碳醇催化剂，对其CO加氢合成低碳混合醇的反应性能进行了考察，并用ICP、XRD、BET、H2-TPR对其结构进行了表征。结果表明，沉淀方法不同对催化剂的催化性能有较大的影响。在T503K、P=8.0MPa，GHSV=8000h－1，H2/CO＝2(体积比)的条件下, 分步沉淀法制备的FeMnCu/ZnO催化剂醇的收率和C2+OH的质量分数均高于共沉淀法制备的催化剂。其中“Fe atop Cu”催化剂醇的收率最高，达到0.26g/mLcat·h，同时“Fe atop Cu”催化剂C2+OH的质量分数也最高，可达31.72%。XRD研究表明，分步沉淀法制备的催化剂促进了CuO和ZnO的分散，提高了催化剂的催化性能。BET测试结果表明，分步沉淀法有扩孔的作用，有利于长链醇的生成。TPR研究发现，共沉淀法制备的催化剂Cu物种较难还原，这是共沉淀催化剂合成醇性能较低的原因之一。     

苯中硫在Ni/ZnO催化剂上加氢吸附脱除的研究

比较了浸渍法与共沉淀法制备的Ni/ZnO催化剂对芳烃原料的深度脱硫活性和选择性,并采用H₂-TPR、XRD和BET等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,NiO与载体ZnO之间的相互作用程度对催化剂的性能有很大影响。与ZnO相互作用较弱的游离态NiO还原后生成的Ni⁰,导致苯加氢生成环己烷;与ZnO相互作用较强的NiO还原后生成的Ni⁰具有脱硫能力但不是苯加氢活性中心。共沉淀法制备的催化剂由于NiO与载体相互作用较强,游离态NiO较少,且比表面积相对较大,因而具有较高的活性和选择性。同时发现,还原温度对催化剂的性能具有很大影响,在400℃还原时开始出现Ni_xZn_y合金,且随着还原温度的升高,晶粒长大,比表面积降低,导致催化剂活性降低。Sn助剂的加入能增加NiO与载体的相互作用,抑制游离态的NiO生成,从而减少苯的损失。     

微量Li助剂对Co/AC催化剂合成高碳醇性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了含微量Li的15CoxLi/AC催化剂,考察了微量Li助剂对15Co/AC催化剂上CO加氢合成高碳醇性能的影响.采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原和程序升温表面反应技术对15CoxLi/AC催化剂进行了表征,结果表明,微量Li的添加可以提高催化剂上CO加氢活性、生成C5+烃的选择性、合成醇的选择性以及高碳醇的分布.这主要是由于微量Li助剂与Co物种形成了弱相互作用,促进了催化剂Co物种的分散,形成较小Co晶粒,促进了Co2C的形成.