高效液相色谱法测定人乳汁中头孢呋辛的含量

建立快速、有效的乳汁前处理方法和高灵敏度的HPLC法,以测定哺乳期乳腺炎患者采用头孢呋辛钠治疗后乳汁中的药物浓度.乳汁经脱脂、沉淀蛋白,采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18液相色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),V(醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 3.7))∶V(乙腈)=7∶1为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30 ℃,检测波长254 nm,进行乳药浓度测定.乳汁内源物质不干扰样品测定,头孢呋辛在0.02～10 μg/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=16872X-273.38 (r=0.9980).回收率和精密度符合生物样品的测定要求,最低定量限为0.02 μg/mL.该方法简便、快速、专属性强、灵敏度高,可用于头孢呋辛乳药浓度的测定.     

单扫描示波极谱法测定针剂中头孢呋辛钠含量

在稀HCl介质中,头孢呋辛钠在滴汞电极上于-0.47V(vs.SCE)处产生一灵敏的极谱还原峰,头孢呋辛钠在6～600μg/mL范围内与其峰电流呈线性关系。据此,建立了用单扫描示波极谱法测定药物中头孢呋辛钠含量的新方法。方法检出限为0.35μg/mL。该法用于实际药品测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.45%～0.97%(n=8),加标回收率为98.04%～103.64%。     

酸化沉淀蛋白-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肝损伤大鼠血浆中的头孢呋辛

为了研究二代头孢类新药头孢呋辛赖氨酸在肝损伤大鼠体内的药代动力学过程,建立了采用超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(UFLC-MS/MS)快速测定肝损伤模型大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛含量的方法。血浆样品在酸性条件下用乙腈沉淀蛋白,采用Shim-pack XR-ODS色谱柱(75 mm×3.0 mm, 2.2 μm)为分析柱、乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(40:60, v/v)为流动相、流速为400 μL/min进行色谱分离,采用电喷雾负离子(ESI~)模式电离、多反应监测(MRM)模式进行质谱检测,用于定量分析的离子对分别为m/z 423.2→206.8 (头孢呋辛)和m/z 454.1→238.4 (内标头孢噻肟)。结果表明,大鼠血浆中头孢呋辛的质量浓度在0.01～1 mg/L和1～400 mg/L范围内线性关系良好(r＞0.99),定量限为0.01 mg/L,日内和日间精密度(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计)均小于11.5%,准确度(RE)为~7.1%～2.2%,平均萃取回收率大于83.5%,样品运行时间仅为3.0 min,能够满足生物样品的测定需求。该法简便、快速,已用于肝损伤大鼠静脉注射头孢呋辛赖氨酸的药代动力学预实验研究。     

色谱/质谱法鉴定回收氯代烷烃中的杂质组分

在生产头孢霉素过程中要使用大量氯代烷烃(二氯甲烷、1,2-二氯乙烷),由于这些溶剂比较昂贵,又因为生产过程中带进杂质,影响溶剂的回收,所以鉴定其杂质组成,对制定回收工艺实为必要。本文简述了GC/MS法鉴定溶剂1,2-二氯乙烷中杂质组分的过程。 实验部分 (一)溶剂的前处理 分别用酸性和碱性水洗涤溶剂,以除去溶剂中的无机杂质。 (二)CC/MS条件 1.GC部分 色谱仪:Varian 3700型色谱仪;色谱柱:SE-54毛细管柱,长25m,内径0.25mm;汽化室温度:120℃;柱温:40℃(?)100℃。     

凝胶渗透色谱/液相色谱串联质谱法测定畜禽及水产品组织中头孢喹肟的残留量

建立了牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉、鱼肉、泥鳅肉等动物组织中头孢喹肟残留的高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法。样品经乙腈-水(体积比4∶1)提取、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(16 mm i.d.×320 mm)净化;采用CAP-CELL PAK MG C18(100 mm×2.0 mm,3μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸-甲醇为流动相,0.2 mL/min梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子模式电离,选择反应监测(SRM)模式测定。检测离子对为m/z 529.1/134.2、529.1/396.1、529.1/125.1,其中m/z 529.1/134.2为定量离子对。在优化实验条件下,头孢喹肟在5.0～200μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)为0.999 1,检出限(LOD)为1.0μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ)为3.0μg/kg;在3.0、10、50、100μg/kg 4个加标水平下的平均回收率为75%～105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.4%～11.9%。该方法净化效果理想、重复性好、灵敏度高,可满足动物组织中头孢喹肟药物残留的检测要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定双氯芬酸钠凝胶的有关物质

建立了双氯芬酸钠凝胶中有关物质的高效液相色谱分离分析方法。采用梯度洗脱的方法对双氯芬酸钠凝胶的有关物质进行分离,流动相A为pH 2.0三氟乙酸溶液-甲醇(80:20),流动相B为乙腈-甲醇(80:20)。采用Waters XBridge色谱柱(5μm,150mm×4.6mm)进行分离,流速为1.0mL/min,进样体积为5μL,二极管阵列检测器,检测波长为254nm,柱温为30℃。在上述色谱条件下,双氯芬酸钠凝胶及特定杂质均在1.0～40.0mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;方法对特定杂质的回收率为97%～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)不大于3.8%。该法简便、快速、准确、选择性好、灵敏度高,可用于含醇类辅料的双氯芬酸钠凝胶中有关物质的检测。     

HPLC法测定头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物含量

目的考察高效液相测定法用于头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物测定的可行性。方法色谱柱:聚苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物的填充色谱柱,检测波长:280 nm,进样量:20μL;流动相:0.032 mol/L Li Br溶液;流量为0.30 m L·min-1。结果头孢呋辛酯色谱条件经方法学考察均符合要求,在0.005 4~1.532 2 mg·m L-1范围内,溶液质量浓度与聚合物峰面积呈线性相关,回归方程为:y=64 217 x-41 214(r=0.999 6)。结论头孢呋辛酯中高分子聚合物浓度可用高效液相色谱的方法测定,所采用的方法准确可靠,可考虑用于头孢呋辛酯及其类似物的高分子聚合物测定。     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱法测定水样中4种头孢菌素的含量

基于中空纤维膜液相微萃取/高效液相色谱(HF-LPME/HPLC),建立了水样中痕量头孢唑林(CZO)、头孢呋辛(CXM)、头孢他定(CAZ)和头孢西丁(FOX) 4种头孢菌素残留的检测方法。优化得到最佳萃取条件:萃取溶剂为1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Omin]PF_6),辅助萃取溶剂为10%三正辛基氧膦(TOPO),样品溶液pH值为2.5,萃取时间为20 min,萃取温度为30℃,搅拌速率为600 r/min。以Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)(100 mm×4.6 mm,2.7μm)为色谱柱,以0.05 mol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 4.0)-乙腈(9∶1,体积比)为流动相,4种头孢菌素可在7 min内完全分离。结果表明4种头孢菌素的线性关系良好,富集倍数为45～78倍,检出限为0.2～0.7 ng/mL,回收率为83.2%～102%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～9.8%。该方法简单高效,检测成本低,溶剂用量少,绿色环保,灵敏度高,对水样中痕量头孢菌素残留的富集能力强。     

凝胶过滤/离子交换全二维液相色谱系统的构建与评价

基于蛋白质的尺寸及带电性质,将凝胶过滤色谱(GFC)与离子交换色谱(IEC)两种分离模式结合,采用双捕集柱接口构建了GFC/2×IEC二维液相色谱(2-D LC)分离系统,同时考虑离子交换色谱分离蛋白质对等电点范围的限制,进一步结合中心切割平行柱的方法实现对蛋白质的全二维分离。为与后续蛋白质在线酶解、多肽分离及质谱鉴定匹配,系统中采用常规柱以保证蛋白质质谱鉴定对样品量的要求,3种常规分离柱分别选用凝胶过滤色谱柱TSK-GEL G3000SW_(XL)(300 mm×7.8 mm,5μm)、强阴离子交换色谱柱Hypersil SAX(100 mm×4.6 mm,10μm)和强阳离子交换色谱柱Hypersil SCX(100 mm×4.6 mm,10μm)。最终以酵母细胞蛋白质提取液为样品,对构建的二维系统加以评价,在总蛋白质浓度13.5 mg/mL、上样体积100μL的条件下,将第一维分离等时间切割17次,并将切割馏分全部导入第二维继续分离,二维系统在148 min内获得的总峰容量达到884。说明所构建的系统可以用于蛋白质的在线全二维分离。     

凝胶渗透色谱-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定烟草中3种抑芽剂残留

建立了用凝胶渗透色谱净化-液相色谱-串联质谱分析烟草中3种抑芽剂残留的方法。卷烟中的待测抑芽剂组分用V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环己烷)=1∶1超声提取后通过凝胶渗透色谱净化;凝胶色谱柱为Biobeads S-X3玻璃柱(50 g,400 mm×25 mm),流动相为V(乙酸乙酯)∶V(环己烷)=1∶1溶液,流速5 mL/min;收集第10~25 min流出的液体用液相色谱色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱仪测定。在0.5~100 ng/mL的质量浓度范围内,各种抑芽剂标准溶液的线性相关系数均大于0.99。在样品中添加3种抑芽剂(添加水平为5,20,100μg/kg)的混合标准溶液,平均回收率在86.2%~108.4%之间,3种抑芽剂的RSD在1.1%~7.5%之间;方法的检测限在0.01~0.06μg/kg之间。     

Quantitative Determination of Carisoprodol and its Metabolites in Equine Urine and Serum by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Cefuroxime is a broad-spectrum second-generation bactericidal cephalosporin antibiotic active against β-lactamase-producing strains. Anti-cefuroxime, the geometric isomer of cefuroxime, might be present in cefuroxime dosage forms as a process-related impurity and possible degradation product. In the work discussed in this paper a precise and sensitive micellar liquid chromatographic (MLC) method for stability testing of cefuroxime axetil and anti-cefuroxime axetil in tablets, using benzoic acid as internal standard, was developed and validated. MLC was performed on an XTerra C₁₈ reversed-phase column at 50 °C with 8:92 (v/v) acetonitrile–20 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate, pH 2.5, as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.5 mL min^?1. Detection was at 280 nm. Under these conditions the retention time and retention factor were of 6.65 min and 4.57, respectively, for cefuroxime axetil and 11.45 min and 8.59, respectively, for anti-cefuroxime axetil, indicating that the compounds were well separated. RSD values for quantification of cefuroxime axetil and anti-cefuroxime axetil were 0.39 and 1.7%, respectively, indicating the precision of the MLC method was good. The method is sensitive—LOD=0.5 μg mL^?1 and LOQ=1.5 μg mL^?1 for anti-cefuroxime axetil—and reproducible, with good recovery values.     

天冬酰胺合成酶B抑制剂高效液相色谱筛选方法的建立与应用

建立了一种快速、高效测定天冬酰胺合成酶B(AS-B)酶活性的反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)。酶反应体系中的氨基酸经2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)柱前衍生,通过RP-HPLC测定酶反应体系前后底物及产物的变化来分析酶的活性。采用的色谱柱为Agilent C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以50 mmol/L醋酸钠缓冲液(pH 6.2)-乙腈(体积比为15:85)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,检测波长365 nm,于6 min内实现了各组分的基线分离。通过该方法测定反应动力学参数进行AS-B的抑制定量分析。将已知AS-B抑制剂L-谷氨酸-γ-甲酯作用于酶反应体系,测得的抑制剂的抑制常数与文献值相接近,证明该方法可用于AS-B抑制剂的筛选。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法分析头孢哌酮与其S-异构体等杂质

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)胶束为准固定相,考察了头孢哌酮、头孢哌酮S-异构体、头孢哌酮杂质A及其他未知杂质在胶束电动毛细管色谱(MECC)分离模式下的分离行为。研究了运行缓冲液的pH值、磷酸盐浓度、SDS浓度、甲醇体积分数、分离电压、分离温度等因素对头孢哌酮、S-异构体、头孢哌酮杂质A及其他杂质的迁移时间、分离度以及可分离出的杂质个数的影响。结果发现,这些因素对头孢哌酮与诸杂质间的分离及检测有显著的影响,尤以pH值为最。它不仅影响它们的迁移时间和分离效率,还直接影响头孢哌酮及其杂质峰的检测。优化后的分离条件:运行缓冲液为70 mmol/L磷酸盐-100 mmol/L SDS (pH 6.5),分离电压为15 kV,分离温度为25 ℃。在此条件下,用非涂渍石英毛细管51.0 cm×75 μm(有效长度42.5 cm),压力进样5 kPa×5 s,在254 nm波长下进行检测,可分离出28个杂质,诸杂质彼此间及与头孢哌酮间可得到有效分离。并将该方法成功地用于测定注射用头孢哌酮钠的含量和有关物质,结果令人满意。     

Assay of Diastereoisomers of Cefuroxime Axetil in Amorphous and Crystalline Forms Using UHPLC-DAD

A sensitive UHPLC-DAD method was developed for determination of diastereoisomers of cefuroxime axetil in bulk substance in amorphous and crystalline forms as well as in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Kinetex C-18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % formic acid:methanol (88:12, v/v), at the flow rate of 0.7 mL min⁻¹ and total run time of 3 min. The wavelength of the DAD detector was set at 278 nm. Inter-day precision (RSD) was less than 3 % and accuracy level ranged between 98.31 and 104.99 %. Degradation products of cefuroxime axetil in aqueous solutions and in the solid state were identified with a EIS-Q-MS mass spectrometer. The solubility of above-mentioned polymorphic forms of cefuroxime axetil in suitable solvents is a crucial factor during preparation of samples and is essential for chromatographic separation of its diastereoisomers.

     

HPLC法快速筛查抗风湿类中成药或保健食品中21种非法添加化学成分

基于亚3μm核壳填料色谱柱技术建立了高效液相色谱法快速筛查21种抗风湿类化合物。供试品以1%乙酸-甲醇为提取溶剂,经ACCHROM C18100A(4.6 mm×100 mm,2.8μm)分离,以磷酸水溶液(pH3.0)-甲醇-乙腈溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为230 nm,流速1.0 m L/min,柱温35℃。该方法在20 min内可分离21种成分,各化合物的线性范围为5~100μg/m L(萘普生为1.5~30μg/m L),回收率为91.0%~109.1%。萘普生的检出限(S/N=3)为0.8 mg/kg,其余化合物的检出限为2.0 mg/kg。按上述方法对抽检样品进行检测,发现18批阳性样品,并采用液相色谱-质谱联用法进一步确证。该方法快速、准确,适用于抗风湿类中成药或保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速筛查,具有广阔的应用前景。     

液相色谱-电喷雾质谱法分析脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠

采用电喷雾质谱(ESI/MS)技术建立了脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)的烷基碳链分布、乙氧基分布及平均EO数、平均相对分子质量的测定方法;采用液相色谱-电喷雾质谱(LC-ESI/MS)测定了AES中的游离十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的含量。将本方法应用于实际样品的测定,并与核磁共振法测得的平均EO数进行比较,二者的测定结果相当吻合,从而验证了本法的可靠性。     

Simultaneous determination of some water-soluble vitamins and preservatives in multivitamin syrup by validated stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method

HPLC stability-indicating method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of some water-soluble vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium, pyridoxine hydrochloride, nicotinamide, D(+)-panthenol) and two preservatives (methylparaben and sodium benzoate) in multivitamin syrup preparation. Water-soluble vitamins, preservatives and their degradants were separated on Zorbax SB-Aq (C(18)) (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column at an ambient temperature. Combined isocratic and gradient elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of 0.0125 M hexane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt in 0.1% (m/v) o-phosphoric acid, pH 2.4-2.5 (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) at the flow-rate 1 ml min(-1). Starting with solvent A an isocratic elution was performed for 15 min, then the composition was changed to 85% of A and 15% of B during the next 20 min and it was constant for 5 min, then the composition was changed to 70% of A and 30% of B during next 15 min and it was constant for 5 min and finally was changed to 100% of A as at the beginning of the elution. Detection was performed with diode array detector at 210, 230 and 254 nm. Multivitamin syrup preparation was subjected to stress testing (forced degradation) in order to demonstrate that degradants from the vitamins, preservatives and/or product excipients do not interfere with the quantification of vitamins and preservatives. Typical validation characteristics: selectivity, accuracy, precision, linearity, range, limit of quantification and limit of detection were evaluated for vitamins and preservatives.     

Determination of serum estradiol by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence detection

Estradiol extracted with an ODS minicolumn from serum (500 μl) is derivatized with 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl (dansyl) chloride at room temperature for 80 min, purified on the ODS minicolumn, separated on silica gel columns (150 × 1.9 mm i.d. and 100 × 1.9 mm i.d.) with n-hexane/chloroform/ethanol (70:30:0.1) as eluent at 3 ml min^?1 and detected by the chemiluminescence emission produced in a post-column reaction with bis-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (8 mM in chloroform containing 100 mM triethylamine) and hydrogen peroxide (600 mM in methanol containing 6% (v/v) sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.0). The overall recovery of estradiol from serum is ca. 90% and the detection limit is ca. 50 pg.     

Assay of Diastereoisomers of Cefuroxime Axetil in Amorphous and Crystalline Forms Using UHPLC-DAD

A sensitive UHPLC-DAD method was developed for determination of diastereoisomers of cefuroxime axetil in bulk substance in amorphous and crystalline forms as well as in pharmaceutical preparations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Kinetex C-18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1 % formic acid:methanol (88:12, v/v), at the flow rate of 0.7 mL min^?1 and total run time of 3 min. The wavelength of the DAD detector was set at 278 nm. Inter-day precision (RSD) was less than 3 % and accuracy level ranged between 98.31 and 104.99 %. Degradation products of cefuroxime axetil in aqueous solutions and in the solid state were identified with a EIS-Q-MS mass spectrometer. The solubility of above-mentioned polymorphic forms of cefuroxime axetil in suitable solvents is a crucial factor during preparation of samples and is essential for chromatographic separation of its diastereoisomers.