不同产地半枝莲药材及其混淆品的气相色谱-质谱指纹图谱研究

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,结合化学计量学直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)和相似度分析(SA),对不同产地半枝莲及其混淆品白花蛇舌草和半边莲挥发性成分的指纹图谱进行了研究.分别从半枝莲、白花蛇舌草以及半边莲中定性定量出52、38、38种化合物.其中半枝莲和白花蛇舌草的共有峰48个,半枝莲与半边莲的共有...     

滇产白花蛇舌草无机元素分析研究

通过测定云南不同产区白花蛇舌草中无机元素,绘制无机元素指纹图谱,对不同产区白花蛇舌草无机元素进行系统分析,为滇产白花蛇舌草的质量控制奠定基础。采用微波消解ICP-MS法测定白花蛇舌草中12种无机元素,建立无机元素对照指纹图谱,通过夹角余弦值法、系统聚类分析、主成分分析和因子载荷矩阵分析。结果显示白花蛇舌草中Sr,Ti、B、Ni,这4种元素占所测定12种元素的93.96%。不同产地白花蛇舌草中各元素呈相似的分布态势。V、Sn、Sb、Ti、Al、Co、B元素是不同产区白花蛇舌草中的特征元素。通过建立滇产白花蛇舌草无机元素指纹图谱,分析不同产地间白花蛇舌草无机元素含量,为白花蛇舌草无机元素方面的质量特征研究及质量控制研究奠定基础。     

白花蛇舌草中黄酮、多酚、多糖提取工艺及抗氧化研究

本研究利用水浴-回流法提取,分光光度法分析了云南不同产地白花蛇舌草样品中黄酮、多酚、多糖含量;同时,分别研究了不同乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取温度、时间对样品中这3类物质提取效率的影响;此外,利用清除DPPH·自由基的方法,分析了提取液的抗氧化活性,以期为白花蛇舌草资源的利用提供理论和实践指导。结果表明,白花蛇舌草中这3类物质最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数60%、液料比1:35、温度80℃、时间2. 5 h;不同产地23个样品提取液抗氧化活性IC_(50)(DPPH半数清除率浓度)在0. 18～0. 58 mg·mL~(-1)之间,平均值为0. 35 mg·mL~(-1);相关性分析表明,这些样品中黄酮、多酚含量和IC_(50)值之间呈极显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0. 852和-0. 886(p0. 01),多糖含量与IC_(50)无显著相关性。以上结果表明,水浴-回流法可同时提取白花蛇舌草中黄酮、多酚、多糖三类物质;不同产地样品中这3类物质含量存在差异,这可能与生态因素不同有关;白花蛇舌草中最主要的抗氧化活性物质为黄酮和多酚。     

微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定白花蛇舌草中微量元素

提出了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定白花蛇舌草中微量铁、铜、锌、镁、钙、锰的含量.采用浓硝酸、高氯酸和过氧化氢(体积比8:1:2)混合液对样品进行消解.测定钙、镁时,加入二氯化锶,以消除共存物的干扰.用6种元素的标准溶液制作了各自的标准曲线,所得线性回归方程的相关系数在0.986 9～0.999 6之间.在白花蛇舌草样品的基础上,加入一定量6种元素的标准溶液作回收率试验,得回收率在98%～101%之间.     

串联固相萃取法选择性富集白花蛇舌草中的环烯醚萜苷类成分

研究了从白花蛇舌草水提取物中选择性富集环烯醚萜苷类成分的方法。该方法采用硅胶基质的寡聚乙二醇(OEG,实验室自合成)和ODS两种填料依次作为固定相,对白花蛇舌草水提醇沉样品进行固相萃取,并以超高效液相色谱(UPLC)系统对在富集的各个阶段得到的产物进行了色谱表征。实验结果表明,采用该方法得到的终产物的产率为8.21%。从UPLC谱图中可以看出固相萃取环烯醚萜苷类成分选择性富集的过程。终产物中14种典型的环烯醚萜苷类化合物含量明显升高,可达白花蛇舌草水提物的6.1倍,回收率为50.1%,富集效果明显。因此,将白花蛇舌草水提物醇沉后依次经过OEG柱与ODS柱的串联固相萃取可选择性地富集环烯醚萜苷类成分。该方法操作步骤较少,操作简便,选择性好,提取效率较高,富集效果明显。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定不同产地白花蛇舌草中的对香豆酸

用反相高效液相色谱法对不同产地的白花蛇舌草中对香豆酸的含量进行了测定。色谱柱采用DiamonsilTM ODS柱(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm, 5 μm),流动相为乙腈-20 mmol/L NH4Ac(pH 4.0)(体积比为15∶85),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温为室温,检测波长为308 nm。在上述条件下测得对香豆酸的质量浓度为4.04～202 mg/L时与色谱峰面积之间线性关系良好(r＝0.9996),高中低浓度条件下的平均回收率为97.4％~102.2%。该方法快速简便,精密度高,重现性和准确度良好,可以作为白花蛇舌草质量控制的一个有效方法。     

ICP-MS法分析白花蛇舌草中16种无机元素初级形态

应用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS),分析了白花蛇舌中16种无机元素的初级形态;并研究了微波辅助萃取、超声辅助萃取、恒温水浴萃取三种萃取方式对其溶出特性的影响。结果显示:白花蛇舌草中含有丰富的无机元素,这可能促进其有效成分作用的发挥。除Cu、Se外,其它元素的微波萃取的萃取效率最高;Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Ni、Se、Ba的溶解态含量较高,其他元素主要以悬浮态的形式存在于溶液中。     

HPLC法同时测定白花蛇舌草中对香豆酸和熊果酸的含量

建立高效液相色谱法同时测定白花蛇舌草药材中对香豆酸和熊果酸含量的方法。采用Eclipse SB–C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇–0.05%甲酸梯度洗脱,流量1 m L/min,对香豆酸和熊果酸的检测波长分别为310 nm和210 nm,柱温30℃。对香豆酸和熊果酸含量分别在0.001 79~0.028 64 mg/m L和0.021 3~0.340 8 mg/m L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r分别为0.999 8,0.999 6。对香豆酸和熊果酸的平均加标回收率分别为98.59%,98.23%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.81%,0.94%(n=6)。样品溶液在24 h内稳定。该方法适用于白花蛇舌草药材中对香豆酸和熊果酸的含量测定。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定七种中药中齐墩果酸

首次用反相高效液相色谱法分离并测定了地肤子、连翘、牛膝、泽兰、白花蛇舌草、夏枯草、柿蒂七种中药中的齐墩果酸。建立了中药中齐墩果酸分离、测定的色谱方法。色谱条件：ＯＤＳ柱，甲醇＋水（９０＋１０）为流动相，紫外检测器检测波长２０７ｎｍ。本研究为扩大中药及植物中齐墩果酸药物资源的开发提供了简便、灵敏、准确的分离测定方法。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定白花蛇舌草中18种有机磷农药

建立了QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法(GC-MS/MS)测定白花蛇舌草中18种有机磷农药(OPPs)含量的方法。用乙腈提取样品中的目标化合物,用无水硫酸镁去除水分,用乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷、C_(18)吸附剂、石墨化炭黑的混合物去除杂质,得到的溶液供GC-MS/MS分析。用Rxi-5 Sil MS毛细管气相色谱柱在程序升温条件下分离样品溶液中的目标化合物,用配有电子轰击离子源的质谱在多反应监测模式下检测,采用空白样品溶液配制的混合标准溶液系列制作工作曲线。结果表明:18种OPPs的质量分数在10.0～1 000.0μg·kg~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.6～3.0μg·kg~(-1);对阴性样品进行加标回收试验,所得18种OPPs的回收率为90.3%～99.9%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.0%～3.6%。方法用于实际样品分析,检出了乙拌磷、马拉硫磷、三唑磷和哒螨灵,检出量为0.2～19.4μg·kg~(-1)。     

玉米芯碱提水溶性多糖及其硫酸酯抗病毒活性的研究

从玉米芯中,用2%NaOH提取,HCl中和,经乙醇醇析,制备碱提水溶性多糖.用氯磺酸吡啶法修饰制备多糖硫酸酯.离子色谱法测其硫酸根含量为11.23%.玉米芯多糖经硫酸化修饰后对柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackie B3Virus)有一定的抑制作用,但对人全血凝血时间无显著影响.     

普鲁兰多糖的分离纯化及结构鉴定

采用Ｓａｖａｇｅ法，ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换层析法及Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－１００凝胶过滤法提纯普鲁兰多糖。纯化的普鲁兰多糖的结构经过薄层层析，红外光谱及核磁共振光谱加以鉴定。     

Purification, characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo of the polysaccharides from Boletus edulis bull

A water-soluble polysaccharide (BEBP) was extracted from Boletus edulis Bull using hot water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The polysaccharide BEBP was further purified by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column, giving three major polysaccharide fractions termed BEBP-1, BEBP-2 and BEBP-3. In the next experiment, the average molecular weight (Mw), IR and monosaccharide compositional analysis of the three polysaccharide fractions were determined. The evaluation of antioxidant activities both in vitro and in vivo suggested that BEBP-3 had good potential antioxidant activity, and should be explored as a novel potential antioxidant.     

Studies on the Antiviral Activities in vitro of Polysaccharide from Eucheuma striatum

To assay the antiviral activities on HSV-1 and CVB3 in vitro of the polysaccharide from Eucheuma striatum, its antiviral mechanism was explored. Vero cells were infected by HSV-1 and CVB3, and they were cultured with serial dilutions of polysaccharide. The cells cytotoxicity of Polysaccharide was evaluated by the MTT method. The inhibitory effects were evaluated by the cytopathic effect (CPE). Its antiviral mechanism was researched by the method of giving samples in different time. The polysaccharide could inhibit the CPE of cells infected by HSV-1 and CVB3. It showed low cytotoxicity on vero cells. Its antiviral activities were better than those of acyclovir and ribavirin which were run in parallel as the positive control samples. The polysaccharide from Eucheuma striatum has potent antiviral activities. Its antiviral mechanism is that it can prevent the virus from absorbing to the cell surface.     

The effect of Moringa oleifera polysaccharides on the regulation of glucocorticoid-induced femoral head necrosis: In vitro and in vivo

One of the common challenges in using glucocorticoid in the long term is the development of femoral head necrosis. To address this challenge, the use of glucocorticoid suppressors like plant polysaccharides has been considered. In this study, Moringa oleifera polysaccharide was isolated through hot water–ethanol precipitation method and purified by DEAE-Sepharose fast flow column. Then, they were characterized by FT-IR, NMR, methylation, and chromatography assays. The polysaccharide biocompatibility was investigated by MTT assay and its effect on osteoblasts was evaluated by controlling gene expression. Also, the effect of polysaccharide on dexamethasone-induced femoral head necrosis in rats was assessed by hydroxyproline, hexosamine and morphometric parameters. The results show that 2 Da molecular weight polysaccharide is mainly composed of Rha, Ara, Fru, Xyl, Man and Gal in the molar ratio of 1.7:2.1:3.4:5.9:5.8:1.3. Meanwhile, MTT results on osteoblasts cells showed polysaccharide biocompatibility, while significantly reducing the negative effects of glucocorticoid. Likewise, polysaccharide significantly reduced the levels of apoptosis and intracellular ROS of glucocorticoid-induced femoral necrosis. Moreover, the results of gene expression indicated a decrease in the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 genes using polysaccharide, which is very effective in preventing apoptotic activity. Also, Polysaccharide increased bone density, bone volume per tissue volume, trabecular thickness, and the hexosamine to hydroxyproline ratio in the rat serum in the presence of glucocorticoids, which are very effective in the process of femoral head necrosis. Furthermore, polysaccharide significantly increases the OCN, RUNX2 and COL-1 genes expression in cartilage tissue, which is in line with the result of morphometric parameters. Overall, this study suggests that the use of polysaccharide could result in the treatment of femoral head necrosis.     

HPLC法同时测定鸡腿菇水解液中单糖及多糖的研究

建立了HPLC法测定鸡腿菇水解液中单糖、低聚糖及多糖含量的分析方法.选用Aminex HPX-87H柱,示差折光检测器,柱温50 ℃,5 mmol/L的硫酸为流动相,流速0.4 mL/min,进样量20 μL,外标法定量.结果表明,单糖、低聚糖及多糖均得到较好分离,其峰面积与质量浓度线性关系良好,相关系数r~2值为0.991 2 ～0.999 7,回收率为98% ～106%.采用HPLC-示差法与气相色谱法测定多糖、低聚糖及单糖相比,样品无需衍生处理,过滤后可直接进样检测.该法可同时测定原料水解液中可能存在的主要单糖、低聚糖及多糖.     

Alcian blue fixation allows silver staining of the isolated polysaccharide component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in polyacrylamide gels.

The effect of the cationic dye Alcian Blue on the silver staining of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and its polysaccharide and lipid A portions in polyacrylamide gels was investigated. The polysaccharide was only stained when the gel was previously treated with the dye. The polysaccharide moiety was found to be responsible for the lipopolysaccharide staining with silver, whereas the lipid A seemed unimportant. Treatment with Alcian Blue may prove useful to detect hydrophilic components of lipopolysaccharide samples that could not be stained by the usual silver staining procedures.     

一株抗氧化活性酵母菌产多糖的纯化与结构分析

研究了Pichia fermentans酵母菌产多糖YP5的单糖组成和结构。将酵母菌进行超声破碎后,采用乙醇沉淀法得到粗多糖,然后进行DEAE-纤维素色谱柱分离,得到均一的水溶性多糖YP5。经气相色谱分析表明,糖基由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖与半乳糖组成,其摩尔比为9.51∶1.33∶2.31∶0.94∶84.93∶0.96。乌氏粘度计法测得多糖的分子量为8.3×104。结合红外光谱和核磁共振1HNMR分析表明,该多糖YP5具有多糖特征性的红外吸收峰,存在酰胺结构,主要由β-D-葡聚糖组成。     

枸杞功能性成分的提取及其组成的液相色谱分析

对枸杞子中的水溶性多糖成分进行了分离提取及组成分析。采用水提、醇沉等方法提取枸杞子中的多糖成分,用Sevage法除去蛋白质后,用凝胶色谱法进行多糖的纯化,制备3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑啉酮（PMP）衍生物进行液相色谱分析。结果表明,枸杞多糖由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖5种单糖组成,其含量分别为5．28％,17．87％,38．29％,17．82％,20．74％。     

肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA的结构分析

肉苁蓉为稀有的名贵中药材 ,具有补肾、益精、润肠及抗衰老等功效 [1] .研究表明 ,肉苁蓉多糖具有延缓皮肤衰老、增强机体免疫功能、促进人体外成纤维细胞的生长及促进创伤愈合 [2 ] 等生理活性作用 .对于肉苁蓉多糖的深入研究尚未见报道 ,为探讨多糖的生物活性与结构的关系 ,本文对肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分进行结构分析 .有关肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分的分离纯化过程见文献 [3].1　实验部分1 .1　试剂与仪器　 Sephadex G- 75 ( Pharmacia公司 ) ;二甲基亚砜 (江苏洪声化工厂 ) ;Shimadzu高压液相色谱 (日本岛津 ) ;Vavian 340 0…