Research progress of the retrospective detection of organophosphorus nerve agent exposure using point-of-care testing techniqueEI北大核心CSCD

有机磷神经性毒剂(OPNA)是一类速杀性化学战剂,人员中毒后通过溯源检测来确定OPNA种类和剂量对于毒剂使用指证和人员救治非常重要。当前大部分溯源检测方法灵敏度高、特异性好,但因依赖大型设备限于实验室,不便于现场检测。随着现场快速检测(POCT)技术的发展和新识别分子的开发,大量OPNA中毒溯源现场检测技术被建立和应用。本文主要基于胆碱酯酶活性抑制、特异性识别和直接生化反应原理从3方面分析总结了OPNA中毒溯源POCT技术的研究进展和应用,展望了其未来发展趋势。     

Advances in chromatographic analysis of ginsenosidesEI北大核心CSCD

Ginsenosides possess pharmacological activities such as anti-aging,cardiovascular protection,and improving immunity. However,the detection and analysis of ginsenosides commonly suffer from the problem of low sensitivity owing to the complex matrix and low content of ginsenosides. Chromatographic technology was often used to detect ginsenosides owing to the advantages of high accuracy,high sensitivity,good reproducibility and low sample consumption,etc. In this review,the application of chromatographic analysis technologies in ginsenosides detection was summarized. First of all,accuracy of test results for the ginsenosides can be effectively improved by using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）combined with various detectors. Secondly,the combination of HPLC with mass spectrometry can be utilized for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ginsenosides, as well as other fields, such as metabonomics, pharmacokinetics, intestinal microorganisms and quality control. Moreover,the application of gas chromatography in analysis of ginsenosides was reviewed. Briefly,with the continuous development of chromatographic technology,the degree of accuracy for ginsenosides detection was effectively improved,which is beneficial to realize the effective analysis of ginsenosides. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Electrochemical detection of bisphenol A based on Co nanoparticles/N-doped carbon nanotubes compositesEI北大核心CSCD

Co nanoparticles and nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes （NCNTs）were prepared by calcination of metal-organic material ZIF-67 in a reductive atmosphere of H2 and Ar gas,and modified on the surface of glassy carbon electrod（GCE）for the detection of bisphenol A（BPA）. The Co/NCNTs composites exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for BPA oxidation owing to the synergistic effect between chemical composition and the specific structure of the Co/NCNTs composites. In optimal conditions,Co/NCNTs/GCE exhibited a linear range of 0.01-20 μµmol/L for BPA（R2=0.998）. The prepared electrode was employed to detect the content of BPA in real samples with the recoveries of 98.4%-104.6%. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

引言北大核心CSCD

灵敏、可靠地检测复杂样品中痕量、超痕量目标物对分析测量学提出了巨大挑战,目前市场上虽已有诸多智能化的现代分析检测仪器,但考虑到复杂的样品基底及目标组分的低含量,在进行仪器分析检测前,需进行有效的样品制备,以降低复杂样品基底的干扰,提高检测准确性,同时对目标组分进行富集,从而改善检测灵敏度。可以说,样品制备过程是整个分析过程中最为重要和耗时的步骤,影响着分析结果的准确性和可靠性。     

Colorimetric and fluorescence dual-mode detection of arsenic（v） based on cobalt oxyhydroxide nanoplatesEI北大核心CSCD

The oxidase-like activity of cobalt oxyhydroxide （CoOOH） nanosheets is inhibited by arsenic （V） in the system, thereby attenuating the oxidation of p-phenylenediamine （PPD） by CoOOH nanosheets, and changing the absorbance of the solution. Based on this principle, and the fluorescence inner filter effect （IFE） of p-phenylenediamine oxide （oxPPD） on the dye acridine orange （AO）, a colorimetric and fluorescence dualmode method for the quantitative detection of As（V） was established. The variation of absorbance and fluorescence intensity of As（V） with different concentrations was investigated, and the effects of the concentrations of CoOOH nanosheet and PPD, pH of buffer solution, and temperature of reaction were optimized. The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the concentration of As（Ⅴ） had a good linear relationship with the corresponding signal intensity, and the detection limits of colorimetric and fluorescence method were 5 and 10 nmol/L, respectively. The method has been used for the determination of arsenic（V） in lake water located the city center. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

理化检验化学分册征稿启事北大核心CSCD

《理化检验-化学分册》杂志将在近年开展专题报道的基础上,拟在2022年继续于第5,7,9期分别推出以“食品质量安全”“环境污染物”和“新材料成分”等分析对象为主的3期专题报道,热忧欢迎相关领域的检测技术人员踊跃投稿。     

L-cysteine modified gold nanoparticles / paper chip system for rapid detection of chiral dopaEI北大核心CSCD

A new detection method for L-Dopa based on paper chips was established. The L-Cys-AuNPs were characterized by their size, zeta potential, and UV-visible absorption spectra. The system had the high selectivity for the colorimetric detection of L-Dopa with the color changing from red to blue. The results were recorded using a common cell phone and subsequently analyzed using Photoshop software. A ratiometric color intensity method was designed for the quantification analysis. The ratio of color intensity at red channel and blue channel (R / B) increases linearly with L-Dopa concentration in the range of 5 to 80 μmol / L (R = 0. 9944), with the limit of detection of 4 μmol / L. The spiked recoveries of samples were 98%-102%. The RSDs of inter-day and intraday were 3. 3% and 3. 8%, respectively. Real samples were detected, and the error between the determination and the labeled value was within 5%. The method can be used to detect L-Dopa in real samples. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Determination of cobalt ion based on polyethyleneimine modified silver nanoclustersEI北大核心CSCD

PolyethyleneiminePEImodified silver nanoclustersAg NCswere synthesized through chemical reduction method by using PEI as stabilizerAgNO3 as silve source and ascorbic acid as reducing agentand it was applied to the detection of cobalt ions. It was found that the fluorescence of the silver nanoclusters was quenched by Co2+ for the aggregation of PEI-Ag NCs caused by the coordination between cobalt ion and amino group on polyethyleneimine. Under the optimized experimental conditionsthe fluorescence quenching degree of PEI-Ag NCs was piecewise linear with the concentration of cobalt ion in the range of 8.30×10-7-4.17×10-4 mol/L and the detection limit was 0.41 μµmol/L. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

The detection of bergenin based on the gold nanoparticles/chitosan/reduced graphene oxide modified electrodeEI北大核心CSCD

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/chitosan (CS)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified electrode was prepared. The electrochemical behaviors of bergenin on this modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that the proposed electrode exhibited an obvious electrocatalytic ability to the oxidation of bergenin. The differential pulse voltammetry was employed to detect bergenin in 0.1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution (pH 6.0). A good linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and the concentration of bergenin was found in the range of 2.0×10-7-1.2×10-6 mol/L with the detection limit of 6.0×10-8 mol/L (S/N=3).The prepared electrode had good anti-interference ability and potential application in the actual detection of bergenin. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Portable biosensor for quantitative detection of melamine based on CRISPRCas12a and a personal glucose meterEI北大核心CSCD

A CRISPR-Cas system holds great promise as a next-generation biosensing technology for molecular diagnostics. In this paper, a portable biosensor based on the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a and a personal glucose meter has been developed for quantitative, sensitive and specific detection of melamine. The presence of the target melamine binds to the aptamer, leading to the release of locker DNA. And then, the leasing locker DNA activates the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR-Cas12a to cleave the single-strand DNA (ssDNA) linker on sucrase-ssDNA modified electrode, releasing a short DNA fragment labeled with sucrase in the resulting solution. The sucrase could further catalyze sucrose to glucose, which could be detected by the PGM. Under the optimized conditions, the increase of PGM signal was relative with the concentration of melamine ranging from 0.1 to 2.5 μmol/L and the limit of detection (LOD) was 37 nmol/L. Moreover, the portable biosensor has strong specificity and can be used for the quantitative detection of melamine in milk samples. © 2023, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Screening the extractability of some typical environmental pollutants by ionic liquids in liquid-phase microextraction

The extractability of some typical environmental pollutants in ionic liquids (ILs) was screened by using a simple one-step liquid phase microextraction procedure. It was demonstrated that 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([CnMIM][PF6], n = 4, 8), two typical ILs, could effectively extract a set of 45 typical environmental pollutants including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phthalates, phenols, aromatic amines, herbicides, organotin, and organomecury. Analytes in 10 mL sample solution held in a 15 mL vial were extracted by a 5 microL drop of ILs suspended on the needle of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) microsyringe; this was followed by HPLC, atomic absorption spectrometry, or cold-vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry determination. The enrichment factors determined were in the range of 5-168 for 15 min extraction by [C4MIM][PF6] and 4-178 for 30 min extraction by [C8MIM][PF6], respectively, which indicates that ILs might be considered as potential environmentally benign alternative recyclable solvents for the enrichment of environmental pollutants.     

Research progress on pesticide residue detection based on microfluidic technology

The problem of pesticide residue contamination has attracted widespread attention and poses a risk to human health. The current traditional pesticide residue detection methods have difficulty meeting rapid and diverse field screening requirements. Microfluidic technology integrates functions from sample preparation to detection, showing great potential for quick and accurate high-throughput detection of pesticide residues. This paper reviews the latest research progress on microfluidic technology for pesticide residue detection. First, the commonly used microfluidic materials are summarized, including silicon, glass, paper, polydimethylsiloxane, and polymethyl methacrylate. We evaluated their advantages and disadvantages in pesticide residue detection applications. Second, the current pesticide residue detection technology based on microfluidics and its application to real samples are summarized. Finally, we discuss this technology's present challenges and future research directions. This study is expected to provide a reference for the future development of microfluidic technology for pesticide residue detection.     

Porous monolithic materials for extraction and preconcentration of pollutants from environmental waters

This review presents the strengths and weaknesses of monolithic materials for the enrichment of inorganic and organic contaminants in environmental waters. We describe the most common materials (silica, organic, and hybrid organic silica) and strategies for constructing monoliths in different moulds and shapes (tubes, cartridges, stir bars, fibers) published since 2015. The functionalization of the pore surfaces enhances their affinity towards different classes of pollutants. For instance, the incorporation of chelating groups enables the enrichment of potentially toxic metals and semi-metals in aquatic environments before the analyses by spectrometric techniques. Monolithic materials for extracting emerging pollutants, diverse classes of herbicides, and fungicides were proposed recently. Incorporation of carbon-based and magnetic nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, and ionic liquids enhanced their adsorption capacity by either increasing the surface area or providing multiple retention mechanisms. Monoliths with molecular recognition properties for highly selective extractions have been synthesized, including boronic functionalities and molecularly imprinted cavities. The final part describes the hybrid organic silica monoliths, emphasizing metal ions and speciation analysis hyphenated with ICP-MS. In the outlook section, we point to some fields we believe monoliths will benefit, such as their 3-D technologies preparation. We also pointed their potential applicability in portable chromatographic systems, restricted access materials, and enhanced use to preconcentrate viruses from aquatic environments.     

生物样品中有毒重金属的快速检测与脱除技术研究进展

重金属在工业生产和生活实践中应用广泛,由其引发的中毒案件和事故时有发生。为了及时预防和治疗重金属中毒,亟需探究建立简便、快速的生物样品中重金属检测与脱除方法。然而由于生物样品的基质较为复杂,检测前通常需要繁琐的样品处理。近年来,固体进样等一系列技术迅速发展,在生物样品的快速直接分析中展现出巨大的应用潜力。本文详细评述了适用于生物样品中重金属的快速检测方法,总结了常用的生物体内重金属脱除技术,并对当前研究中的不足以及进一步的发展做了简要展望。     

生物炭负载纳米零价铁的制备及其在环境修复中的研究进展[1]

纳米零价铁（nZVI）作为一种高效还原性修复材料被广泛应用于多种污染物的去除,但易团聚、易被氧化失活的缺陷使其应用受到局限。近年来,研究者们通过将nZVI负载在多孔生物炭（BC）上来改善其本身缺陷,以期提高其应用潜力。本文综述了近年来nZVI/BC的制备方法及优缺点,总结分析了nZVI/BC对水体、土壤和沉积物中多种有机和无机污染物的去除效果和机理。同时综述了不同老化方法对nZVI/BC稳定性和反应活性的影响。在此基础上,在改进nZVI/BC制备技术、应用范围的拓展、潜在的生态和健康风险、探索老化过程和老化机制等方面进行了展望,旨在为nZVI/BC的理论研究和工程实践提供借鉴和参考。     

Recent progress in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy for the detection of environmental pollutants

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as one of the most promising analytical tools in recent years. Due to advantageous features such as sensitivity, specificity, ease of operation and rapidity, SERS is particularly well suited for environmental analysis. We summarize here some considerations with respect to the detection of pollutants by SERS and provide an overview on recent achievements in the determination of organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, and pathogens. Following an introduction into the topic and considering aspects of sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility and portability, we are summarizing applications of SERS in the detection of pollutants, with sections on organic pollutants (pesticides, PAHs and PCBs, explosives), on heavy metal ions, and on pathogens. In addition, we discuss current challenges and give an outlook on applications of SERS in environmental analysis. Contains 174 references.

Artificial intelligence-based microfluidic platforms for the sensitive detection of environmental pollutants: Recent advances and prospects

Environmental pollution and its drastic effects on human and animal health have urged governments to implement strict policies to minimize damage. The first step in applying such policies is to find reliable methods to detect pollution in various media, including water, food, soil, and air. In this regard, various approaches such as spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and electrochemical techniques have been proposed. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional analytical methods, microfluidic devices have emerged as sensitive technologies capable of generating high content information during the past few years. The passage of contaminant samples through the microfluidic channels provides essential details about the whole environment after detection by the detector. In the meantime, artificial intelligence is an ideal means to identify, classify, characterize, and even predict the data obtained from microfluidic systems. The development of microfluidic devices with integrated machine learning and artificial intelligence is promising for the development of next-generation monitoring systems. Combination of the two systems ensures time efficient setups with easy operation. This review article is dedicated to the recent developments in microfluidic chips coupled with artificial intelligence technology for the evolution of more convenient pollution monitoring systems.     

基于生物传感器的内毒素检测研究进展

内毒素是造成内毒素血症、多器官功能衰竭的关键因子,对人体健康存在着严重的危害。发展高选择性、高灵敏度、快捷便携且不受现场限制的检测方法具有重要意义。生物传感器以其高效、灵敏、易于自动化和微型化等优点,在相关检测领域中显示出重要的研究价值和巨大的发展空间。本文简要介绍了近年来内毒素的常用检测方法,重点综述了光学生物传感器和电化学生物传感器在内毒素检测应用中的研究进展。对生物传感器在内毒素检测中面临的挑战及其发展趋势进行了讨论和展望。     

Mathematical structure of chromatographic optimization based on information theory: II. Analytical role of chromatographic variables

Summary The influence of variables Z (mobile phase composition X, column length L, etc.) on chromatographic analysis is studied in terms of the two separate stages of the whole optimization process. In the first stage, peak separation is the central concern and the resolution R_s can be related to Shannon information _j of peak where C is a coefficient (>0). In the second stage, only chromatograms with no peak overlap are considered and R_s is not connected with _j. The analytical role of Z is evaluated by comparing the signs and magnitudes of the derivatives of the information, _j, and its transmission rate, _j, with respect to Z in both stages.     

食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的前处理及检测方法研究进展

双酚类物质作为一种环境内分泌干扰物,广泛存在于食品包装材料及环境介质中,对生态环境造成污染,也对人体健康产生一定危害。双酚残留是目前重要的食品安全问题,检测食品和环境样品中的双酚类物质的含量对人体健康具有重要的意义。由于残留目标物浓度通常较低,且实际样品存在基质干扰,因此需经一定的样品前处理,并结合仪器分析方法,提高检测效率,增强分析灵敏度与可靠性。常用的前处理分析方法主要有液液萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、基质分散固相萃取、QuEChERS等,常用仪器分析方法包括液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法、酶联免疫吸附测定法、生物传感器法等。该文综述了食品及环境样品中双酚类物质的样品前处理及仪器分析方法,为双酚类化合物的残留监测提供了参考依据。