交联聚天冬氨酸基聚离子胶束的制备与表征

通过胺端基聚乙二醇(CH3O-PEG-NH2)开环聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI), 进一步碱解和胺解制备了聚乙二醇接枝聚天冬氨酸(PEG-g-PAsp)和聚乙二醇接枝聚乙二胺基天冬酰胺(PEG-g-PDEA)两种聚天冬氨酸衍生物. 利用它们之间的静电相互作用, 在磷酸缓冲液中形成了以PEG为壳、聚天冬氨酸复合物为核的聚离子胶束. 研究发现, 该聚离子胶束粒子呈球形, 粒径约为70 nm, 且粒径分布较窄. 然而, 体系的稳定性受溶液的pH和盐离子强度影响较大. 通过戊二醛交联PEG-g-PDEA中的伯胺可以有效提高该聚离子胶束对pH和盐离子强度的稳定性.     

聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物的合成及阻垢性能研究

绿色高效阻垢剂的合成是目前工业循环水领域中的研究热点.以聚琥珀酰亚胺(Polysuccinimide, PSI)、亚氨基二乙酸(Iminodiacetic Acid, IA)为原料,采用接枝共聚法合成了高效水处理剂聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物.利用核磁共振波谱仪和傅立叶变换红外光谱对该聚合物的结构进行表征.通过静态阻垢法测定了聚天冬氨酸-亚氨基二乙酸聚合物在工业循环水中的阻垢性能.结果表明,该聚合物浓度为10 mg/L时,阻CaCO_3垢效率比PASP增加了48%;在15 mg/L时PASP-IA的阻CaSO_4效率已接近100%,显示出了优异的阻垢性能.     

绿色阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸阻垢性能的实验研究

采用静态与动态实验方法,对聚天冬氨酸的阻垢性能进行了实验研究．静态实验研究表明,在溶液低于60℃的情况下,聚天冬氨酸具有优良的阻垢性能,硬度为600mg／L的溶液添加3mg／L聚天冬氨酸,阻垢率即可超过90％．在800mg／L硬度的情况下,在溶液温度30℃时添加6mg／L聚天冬氨酸,在溶液温度60℃时添加12mg／L聚天冬氨酸,阻垢率均可达到90％以上．CaCO3晶体的扫描电子显微镜结果表明,加入阻垢剂使CaCO3由质地坚硬的柱状晶体转变为松软的不定型体,容易被水冲走而不是沉积在换热表面．动态实验研究表明,成垢溶液添加阻垢剂之后,污垢热阻明显减小,换热表面基本不结垢．     

聚天冬氨酸铁(Ⅱ)、聚天冬氨酸锰(Ⅱ)配合物合成与清除O2(·-)作用

以聚天冬氨酸为配体与不同二价金属离子，在水溶液中制备了聚天冬氨酸铁和聚天冬氨酸锰配合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱对配合物的化学组成与结构进行了初步表征，并利用改进的氮蓝四唑(NBT)光照法测定了其催化O2^.-歧化反应的SOD样活性。所合成的物质具有较高的SOD样活性，且分子量适中、水溶性好、无毒，有广阔的应用前景。     

pH电位滴定法测定溶液中钙、镁离子与聚天冬氨酸的生成稳定常数

pH电位滴定法测定溶液中钙、镁离子与聚天冬氨酸的生成稳定常数;pH电位滴定;聚天冬氨酸;配位化学;钙离子;镁离子     

聚(α,β-L-天冬氨酸丁酯)的合成及水解降解行为研究

以L-天冬氨酸为原料,采用热缩聚法合成聚琥珀酰亚胺.选用醇钠作为亲核试剂,开环反应得到聚(α,β-烷氧基-L-天冬氨酸).该聚合物部分水解制备两亲性聚天冬氨酸(PAsp-Na/PAsp-R).以聚(α,β-L-天冬氨酸丁酯)为例,利用UV、<'1>H NMR等方法研究聚合物的水解降解行为.通过<'1>H NMR中侧链酯基信号的消失和主链游离氨基在紫外光谱中吸光度的变化,证明水解降解过程包括侧链酯键的水解和主链酰胺键的适度裂解两部分,水解过程受环境温度和缓冲溶液pH的共同影响.水解速率具有温度响应性,环境温度越高水解速率越快(37℃时的水解速率>25℃时的水解速率).缓冲溶液pH对聚合物降解速率的影响顺序为:pH 12>pH4>pH 7.     

N-氨基甲酰马来酸接枝聚天冬氨酸聚合物的合成及其阻垢性能研究

以聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)和N-氨基甲酰马来酸为原料,合成N-氨基甲酰马来酸接枝聚天冬氨酸聚合物(PASP-NCA)阻垢剂。通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对PASP-NCA结构进行表征。采用静态阻垢法评价该阻垢剂的阻CaCO_3垢性能。通过扫描电子显微镜探讨CaCO_3垢晶体形貌的变化。结果表明,相对于纯聚天冬氨酸(PASP),接枝后的PASP-NCA阻垢剂的阻垢性能得到了明显改善,当该聚合物浓度在5 mg/L时,阻CaCO_3的效率较接枝前提高了42.2%;同时,PASP-NCA与PASP相比,具有优秀的温度适应性。当温度在50℃时,30 mg/L的PASP-NCA阻CaCO_3的效率达到96.0%。PASP-NCA的加入还使CaCO_3晶体的形貌发生畸变。     

改性聚天冬氨酸阻垢剂研究进展

聚天冬氨酸因其具有可生物降解的肽键结构以及优秀的阻垢性能,成为国际公认的环境友好型水处理剂,关于聚天冬氨酸的改性研究也得到了国内外学者的广泛关注.本文综述了近年来聚天冬氨酸改性研究的相关进展,总结了羧基、羟基、磺酸基和酰胺基的引入对聚天冬氨酸性能的影响.     

聚天冬氨酸的合成研究

以L-天冬氨酸为原料,磷酸为催化剂,在不同溶剂中进行缩聚反应,合成中间体聚丁二酰亚胺(PSI),当混合溶剂为m三甲苯／m环丁砜=7／3时,可得到较高分子量的PSI。当催化剂与单体的质量比为0．14时,分子量达到最大值。将PSI碱解得到聚天冬氨酸。     

聚天冬氨酸铁(Ⅱ)、聚天冬氨酸锰(Ⅱ)配合物合成与清除O_2~(·-)作用

以聚天冬氨酸为配体与不同二价金属离子 ,在水溶液中制备了聚天冬氨酸铁和聚天冬氨酸锰配合物。通过元素分析、红外光谱对配合物的化学组成与结构进行了初步表征 ,并利用改进的氮蓝四唑 (NBT)光照法测定了其催化O2 · -歧化反应的SOD样活性。所合成的物质具有较高的SOD样活性 ,且分子量适中、水溶性好、无毒 ,有广阔的应用前景。     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY(ASPARTIC ACID) AND ITS DERIVATIVES AS BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS

ABSTRACT

Three types of modified poly(aspartic acid)s, such as poly(aspartic acid-co-aminocarboxylic acid) (4), alkylamine modified poly(aspartic acid) (5) and crosslinked poly(aspartic acid) (6), were synthesized and calcium-ion chelating ability, hygroscopicity and water absorption were evaluated. The calcium-ion chelating ability of 4 depended on the kind of aminocarboxylic acids and the content of aminocarboxylic acid in the copolymer. The highest value was 3 times higher than that of poly(acrylic acid) with a M_w of 14000. The highly modified PASP, e.g., 50 mol% lauryl amine modified poly(aspartic acid), showed the highest by grogroscopicity among homopoly(aspartic acid)s and modified poly(aspartic acid)s. The maximum swelling of poly(aspartic acid) hydrogel prepared by the γ-irradiation of homopoly(as-partic acid) was 3400 g-deionized water/g-dry hydrogel.     

Synthesis and helical conformation of poly(N‐propargylamides) carrying L‐aspartic acid in the side chain

Aspartic acid‐based novel poly(N‐propargylamides), i.e., poly[N‐(α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐L ‐aspartic acid β‐benzyl ester N′‐propargylamide] [poly( 1 )] and poly[N‐(α‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐L ‐aspartic acid α‐benzyl ester N′‐propargylamide] [poly( 2 )] with moderate molecular weights were synthesized by the polymerization of the corresponding monomers 1 and 2 catalyzed with (nbd)Rh⁺[η⁶‐C₆H₅B^?(C₆H₅)₃] in CHCl₃ at 30 °C for 2 h in high yields. The chiroptical studies revealed that poly( 1 ) took a helical structure in DMF, while poly( 2 ) did not in DMF but did in CH₂Cl₂, CHCl₃, and toluene. The helicity of poly( 1 ) and poly( 2 ) could be tuned by temperature and solvents. Poly( 2 ) underwent solvent‐driven switch of helical sense, accompanying the change of the tightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5168–5176, 2005     

Fabrication of Gene Carrier via Self-assembly of Poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl Methacrylate] and Poly(aspartic acid)-grafted-Poly(ethylene glycol)

A biocompatible complex has been prepared as gene carrier via electrostatic interaction, which is composed of a polycation, that is, poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] end-capped with cholesterol moiety (Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀), along with a polyanion named poly(aspartic acid)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) (PASP-g-PEG). The complexes have less cytotoxicity compared to the case of alone Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀ or branched polyethylenimine (PEI) system.

In the present study, biocompatible complexes have been prepared as gene carrier via electrostatic interaction, which is composed of a polycation, that is, poly[(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] end-capped with cholesterol moiety (Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀), along with a polyanion named poly(aspartic acid)-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) (PASP-g-PEG). We first synthesized polysuccinimide (PSI) via condensation polymerization of aspartic acid, and then used PEG-NH₂ to react with the partial pentacyclic rings of PSI to yield a kind of graft copolymer polysuccinimide-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol) (PSI-g-PEG). After hydrolysis of the residual succinimide units, a new biodegradable and biocompatible graft copolymer PASP-g-PEG was prepared successfully. Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀ was synthesized via oxyanion-initiated polymerization, as reported in our previous literature. We investigated the interactions between every pair among calf thymus DNA, Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀, and PASP-g-PEG by agarose gel retardation assay. The results indicate that the prepared complexes could completely bind DNA and may become more stable during systemic circulation. The complexes have less cytotoxicity compared to the case of alone Chol-PDMAEMA₃₀ or branched polyethylenimine (PEI) system. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the complexes were also investigated by zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. These biodegradable and biocompatible polymeric carriers have potential applications in gene delivery.     

The Formation of Biodegradable Polymeric Micelles from Newly Synthesized Poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐Polylactide AB‐Type Diblock Copolymers

Summary: A poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐polylactide (PAsp‐block‐PLA) diblock copolymer was synthesized through the polymerization of β‐benzyl‐L ‐aspartate‐N‐carboxyanhydride [Asp(OBzl)‐NCA] with amino‐terminating polylactide (NH₂‐PLA) as a macroinitiator. The chain length of the PAsp segment could be easily controlled by changing the monomer/initiator ratio. Dynamic light scattering measurements of PAsp‐block‐PLA aqueous solutions revealed the formation of polymeric micelles. Changes in the micelles as a function of pH were investigated.

The structure and formation of micelles of the poly(aspartic acid)‐block‐polylactide (PAsp‐block‐PLA) diblock copolymers synthesized here.     

Simultaneous Removal of Antibiotics and Heavy Metals with Poly(Aspartic Acid)-Based Fenton Micromotors

The discharge of diverse pollutants has led to a complex water environment and posed a huge health threat to humans and animals. Self-propelled micromotors have recently attracted considerable attention for efficient water remediation due to their strong localized mass transfer effect. However, a single functionalized component is difficult to tackle with multiple contaminants and requires to combine different decontamination effects together. Here, we introduced a multifunctional micromotor to implement the adsorption and degradation roles simultaneously by integrating the poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) adsorbent with a MnO₂-based catalyst. The as-prepared micromotors are well propelled in contaminated waters by MnO₂ catalyzing hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the catalytic ramsdellite MnO₂(R-MnO₂) inner layer is decorated with Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles to improve their catalytic performance, contributing to an excellent degradation ability with 90% tetracycline (TC) removal in 50 minutes by enhanced Fenton-like reactions. Combining the attractive adsorption capability of poly (aspartic acid) (PASP), the composite micromotors offer an efficient removal of heavy metal ions in short time. Moreover, the designed micromotors are able to simultaneously remove antibiotic and heavy metals in mixed contaminants circumstance just in single treatment. This multifunctional micromotor with distinctive decontamination ability exhibits a promising prospective in treating multiple pollutants in the future.     

Microstructural characterization of terpolymers of leucine, β‐benzyl aspartate,and valine

Three different characterization methods—¹³C NMR spectroscopy, a terminal terpolymerization model, and a probability analysis based on the Poisson distribution—were used to determine the microstructure of random terpolymers. The methods were used to determine the amino acid sequence distribution of random terpolymers prepared from the polymerization of N‐carboxyanhydrides that contained L ‐leucine, β‐benzyl‐L ‐aspartate, and L ‐valine. Poly(L ‐leucine‐L ‐aspartic acid‐L ‐valine) [poly(LDV)] was designed as a target specific substrate for the α₄β₁ integrin that recognizes the tripeptide sequence leucine‐aspartic acid‐valine (LDV). The presence of the tripeptide sequence LDV within the polymer was determined to be eight LDV triad sequences on average in terpolymers of approximately 100 kDa. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4328–4337, 2006     

Novel Dendritic Naproxen Prodrugs with Poly(aspartic Acid) Oligopeptide: Synthesis and Hydroxyapatite Binding in Vitro

Abstract

Novel bone-targeting prodrugs containing dendritic naproxen and poly(aspartic acid) oligopeptide were synthesized in a convergent approach and were characterized by NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analysis techniques. The modified naproxen prodrugs showed a high affinity to hydroxyapatite in vitro and provided an effective entry for the synthesis of a dendritic naproxen–poly(aspartic acid) oligopeptide conjugates used for bone targeting.     

Preparation and in vitro cytotoxicity study of poly (aspartic acid) stabilized magnetic nanoparticles

Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method in the presence of poly (aspartic acid) (PAsp) as stabilizer, which was one of the most extensively studied and used poly(amino acids). As a biocompatible dispersant, PAsp was successfully attached to the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which was approved by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). From X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurement results, it was found that PAsp stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles possess excellent Fe₃O₄ crystal structure and superparamagnetic property. Compared with trisodium citrate stabilized magnetic nanoparticles, PAsp stabilized magnetic nanoparticles were biocompatible and with lower cytotoxicity, which makes it more applicable in medicine, biology and biomaterial science.     

Surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature of poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups

 The surfactant effect on the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) with methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) and amino acid esters as side groups was examined in terms of molecular interactions between the polyphosphazenes and surfactants including various anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution. Most of the anionic and cationic surfactants increased the LCST of the polymers: the LCST increased more sharply with increasing length and hydrophobicity of the hydrophobic part of the surfactant molecule. The ΔLCSTs (T _0.03M− T _0M), the change in the LCST by addition of 0 and 0.03 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), were found to be 7.0 and 14.5 °C for the polymers bearing ethyl esters of glycine and aspartic acid, respectively. The LCST increase of poly(organophosphazene) having a more hydrophobic aspartic acid ethyl ester was 2 times larger compared with that of the polymer having glycine ethyl ester as a side group. The binding behavior of SDS to the polymer bearing glycine ethyl ester as a hydrophobic group was explained from the results of titration of the polymer solutions containing SDS with tetrapropylammonium bromide. Graphic models for the molecular interactions of polymer/surfactant and polymer/surfactant/salt in aqueous solutions were proposed. Received: 17 February 2000/Accepted: 25 April 2000     

Molar Mass and Structural Characteristics of Poly[(lactide-co-(aspartic acid)] Block Copolymers

Summary: We report on various synthetic procedures for the preparation of biodegradable and biocompatible poly(lactide-co-aspartic acid) block copolymers based on natural monomeric units – lactic acid and aspartic acid. Multiblock poly(lactide-co-aspartic acid) copolymers of different comonomer composition were synthesized by heating a mixture of L-aspartic acid and L,L-lactide in melt without the addition of any catalyst or solvent and with further alkaline hydrolysis of the cyclic succinimide rings to aspartic acid units. Diblock poly(lactide-co-aspartic acid) copolymers with different block lengths were prepared by copolymerization of amino terminated poly(β-benzyl-L-aspartate) homopolymer and L,L-lactide with subsequent deprotection of the benzyl protected carboxyl group by hydrogenolysis. The differences in the structure, composition, molar mass characteristics, and water-solubility of the synthesized multiblock and diblock poly(lactide-co-aspartic acid) copolymers are discussed.