液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡组织中沃尼妙林残留

建立了鸡组织中沃尼妙林残留的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS /MS) 检测方法.样品用乙腈提取后,过Strata-X-C固相萃取小柱净化.以乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(35∶ 65,V/V)为流动相,经Luna C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式对沃尼妙林进行定性与定量分析.采用基质匹配法,对鸡皮肤、肌肉、肾脏和肝脏中沃尼妙林的含量进行标准校正,在5(7.5)～500 μg/kg范围内线性良好(r>0 998),在鸡肝脏中的检出限(LOD)及定量限(LOQ)分别为4.0和7.5 μg/kg;其它3种组织中的LOD及LOQ分别为2.5和5.0 μg/kg.在5(7.5), 50及500 μg/kg添加水平下,4中组织中沃尼妙林的平均回收率为78 5%～104.0%.日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～9.8%,日间相对标准偏差为3.7%～13.2%.     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定饲料中10种脂溶性工业染料

建立了以超高效液相色谱串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测鸡和鱼类饲料中10种脂溶性染料的方法。样品经过甲醇振荡提取通过固相萃取小柱去除基质干扰。在waters BEH C_(18)柱子上,乙腈和0.2%(V:V)甲酸,10 mmol/L甲酸铵的水为流动相,利用梯度洗脱将各目标化合物分离,采用质谱多反应监测(MRM)模式进行定量检测。染料在两种饲料中检出限(LOD)为1~5μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为2~10μg/kg,在鱼饲料中,回收率为80.3%~113.2%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~11%,在鸡饲料中回收率为79.6%~115.4%,相对标准偏差为1.6%~15%。     

HPLC－MS/MS法测定婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物

建立了婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的高效液相色谱－串联质谱（HPLC－MS/MS）分析方法。样品经含1%（体积分数）甲酸的乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,氮气吹干后,用含0.1%甲酸的乙腈水溶液（1∶4,体积比）定容。采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm × 100 mm,1.7 μm）分离,0.1%甲酸水溶液和乙腈作为流动相梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱－串联质谱检测。结果表明,17种目标物在对应的质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数（r）均大于0.995 4;方法检出限（LOD）为0.02 ~ 0.15 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.06 ~ 0.50 μg/kg;在LOQ、2.0 μg/kg、10.0 μg/kg 3个加标水平下,17种目标物在水果米粉中的平均回收率为62.5% ~ 103%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.5% ~ 17%;蔬菜米粉中的平均回收率为66.4% ~ 108%,RSD为4.3% ~ 13%。该方法灵敏、准确,简便、可靠,适用于婴幼儿果蔬米粉中17种新烟碱类杀虫剂及代谢物的同时检测。     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定香辛调料中的曲托喹酚

采用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以超高效液相色谱－串联质谱（UPLC－MS/MS）法建立了香辛调料中曲托喹酚的测定方法。样品采用0.2%酸性乙醇提取,经MCX柱净化浓缩后,在ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱上以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,UPLC－MS/MS以MRM方式进行定量分析。结果表明,曲托喹酚在0.1～50 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r）大于0.998,方法的检出限（LOD）为0.2 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）为0.5 μg/kg。化合物在不同基质的4个加标水平（0.5、2、10、100 μg/kg）下的回收率为74.5%～98.8%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为3.1%～9.1%。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可用于香辛调料中曲托喹酚的测定。     

烤鳗中6种农药残留量的液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定

建立了烤鳗中苯胺灵、嘧菌酯、氨苯乙酯、氟酮唑草、丙蝇驱、唑螨酯6种农药残留的同时检测方法.烤鳗样品采用乙腈、中性氧化铝超声基体分散吸附、涡旋混合提取,Florisil固相萃取小柱净化、浓缩,以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液为流动相进行色谱分离,串联质谱检测.结果表明,6种化合物在0.5 ～1 000 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法的检出限为0.03 ～2.3 μg/kg,定量下限为0.09 ～7.7 μg/kg,平均加标回收率为75% ～104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6% ～15%,满足当前进出口残留控制要求.     

超高效液相色谱电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法检测豆制品中12种禁用工业染料

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测豆制品中12种橙黄色工业染料(碱性橙2、碱性橙21、碱性橙22、苏丹黄、苏丹橙G、二乙基黄、碱性嫩黄O、溶剂黄124、酸性橙Ⅱ、酸性间胺黄、酸性黄11和茜素黄R)的分析方法。样品经酸化乙腈提取;提取液于-20℃冷冻2 h后离心,可有效去除豆制品中的脂质类干扰物;梯度洗脱条件下经ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)分离后采用多离子反应监测模式(MRM)检测,4种工业染料(酸性橙Ⅱ、酸性间胺黄、酸性黄11和茜素黄R)使用负离子模式,以乙腈-0.1%氨水为流动相,其余8种采用正离子模式检测,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水。结果表明:豆制品中12种工业染料的定量下限(LOQ)为0.2~10.0μg/kg,3个加标水平的回收率为76.2%~122.0%,相对标准偏差为1.1%~7.4%,各项指标满足食品中痕量污染物检测的需要。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,实现了12种禁用橙黄色染料的同时提取和净化,适合于豆制品中非法添加工业染料的筛查、确证。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定辣椒粉及辣椒油中的7种罗丹明染料

建立了辣椒粉及辣椒油中7种罗丹明染料的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。样品经正己烷或甲醇-水(体积比为1:1)溶液提取后,经固相萃取(SPE)柱净化,采用SB-C18柱分离,以乙腈和水(含体积分数为0.1%的甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用正离子模式质谱检测,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性定量测定。7种罗丹明类染料在0.0005～1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)均大于0.997;方法的检出限分别为0.21～51 μg/kg(辣椒粉)和0.19～25 μg/kg(辣椒油);方法的回收率为85.0%～106.0%,日内及日间相对标准偏差均小于20%。该方法简单、灵敏度高、分析时间短,适用于辣椒粉和辣椒油中7种罗丹明染料的同时测定。     

凝胶净化/超高效液相色谱电喷雾质谱法检测调味油中11种禁用偶氮染料及罗丹明B

建立了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化/超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测调味油中11种脂溶性偶氮类工业染料(苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红7B、苏丹红G、苏丹黄、苏丹橙G、苏丹蓝Ⅱ、甲苯胺红、对位红)和罗丹明B的分析方法。样品经乙酸乙酯-环己烷(1∶1)提取,采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)去除大分子油脂、天然色素等干扰物质;以乙腈-0.1%甲酸为流动相,目标化合物在梯度洗脱条件下经C18柱分离后采用多离子反应监测(MRM)正离子模式进行检测。结果表明:调味油中12种工业染料的线性范围为1～50μg/L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.2～2.5μg/kg,在5、20、40μg/L 3个加标水平下的回收率为54%～125%,相对标准偏差为2.5%～17.2%。随机抽取市售35份样品进行检测,其中两份样品检出罗丹明B。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高,实现了11种禁用偶氮染料和罗丹明B的同时提取和净化,适合于调味油中非法添加脂溶性偶氮工业染料和罗丹明B的筛查与确证。     

高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定水产品中9种禁用染料类药物残留

建立了高效液相色谱－串联质谱（HPLC－MS/MS）测定水产品中亮绿、亚甲基蓝及其3种代谢物、孔雀石绿、隐性孔雀石绿、结晶紫与隐性结晶紫共9种禁用染料类物质的方法。样品搅碎后用乙腈-0.1 mol/L乙酸铵（pH 4.5）提取,提取液经氯化钠盐析萃取,正己烷液液萃取和PRS柱固相萃取净化,氮吹浓缩后进行测定。采用Luna C18（2.1 mm × 50 mm,5 μm）色谱柱进行分离,乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵（含0.1%甲酸）为流动相梯度洗脱,多反应监测（MRM）正离子电离模式下测定,采用外标法定量。9种待测物在0.5 ~ 20.0 μg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数（r2）均大于0.99,检出限（LOD）均为0.5 μg/kg,定量下限（LOQ）均为1.0 μg/kg。以罗非鱼、金鲳鱼、南美白对虾和青蟹为空白基质,在0.5、1.0、5.0 μg/kg加标水平下,平均加标回收率为76.8% ~ 104%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n = 7）为4.3% ~ 10%。采用该方法检测经亚甲基蓝药浴的罗非鱼样品,检出亚甲基蓝与天青B。该方法准确、可靠,重现性好,可用于水产品中9种禁用染料类药物的定量分析。     

快速高分离液相色谱-串联质谱法测定植物组织中雌激素玉米赤霉醇类化合物

应用快速高分离液相色谱-串联质谱仪(RRLC-MS/MS),建立了植物组织中玉米赤霉醇类化合物(α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、玉米赤霉酮、玉米赤霉烯酮)的检测方法.植物组织样品采用乙腈提取,碱性水溶液反萃取,经混合阴离子(MAX)固相萃取柱进行净化和富集后,用RRLC-MS/MS检测,多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定性与定量分析.结果表明:玉米赤霉醇类化合物在0～20 μg/kg的线性范围内均具有良好的线性关系,方法检出限(LOD)为0.5 μg/kg,定量限(LOQ)为1.0 μg/kg,6种玉米赤霉醇类化合物的平均回收率为75.8%～105.4%,相对标准偏差为2.4%～12.1%.本方法可用于植物组织中玉米赤霉醇类化合物含量的测定.     

BODIPY Dyes Bearing Multibranched Fluorinated Chains: Synthesis,Structural, and Spectroscopic Studies

A small series of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, characterized by the presence of multibranched fluorinated residues, were designed and synthesized. The dyes differ in both the position (para-perfluoroalkoxy-substituted phenyl ring or boron functionalization) and number of magnetically equivalent fluorine atoms (27 or 54 fluorine atoms per molecule). Photophysical and crystallographic characterization of the synthesized BODIPYs was carried out to evaluate the effect of the presence of highly fluorinated moieties on the optical and morphological properties of such compounds.     

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of sulphonated dyes and intermediates

This paper reports our results in the analysis of polysulphonated anionic dyes and their intermediates using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Negative-ion electrospray ionization is the most suitable ionization technique for the molecular mass determination of polysulphonated dyes or other dyes carrying a negative charge. From the series of [M-xH]x- ions and their sodiated adducts [M-(x + y)H+yNa]x-, the molecular mass and the number of sulphonic and carboxylic groups can be determined. The mobile phase should be compatible with the mass spectrometric detection, which rules out non-volatile tetraalkylammonium salts usually used as ion-pair mobile phase additives for the HPLC of sulphonated compounds. Some mono- and disulphonated dyes and intermediates can be separated with aqueous-organic mobile phases containing 5 mM ammonium acetate, which is the most suitable additive as far as compatibility with MS detection is concerned. However, the retention of compounds with two or more sulphonic groups is too low for a successful separation both with this mobile phase additive and with ion-pair additives with short alkyl chains. The dihexylammonium acetate ion-pairing reagent offers a reasonable compromise in terms of sufficient volatility and adequate retention and separation selectivity for the HPLC-MS analysis of polysulphonated dyes.     

Comparative study of organic dyes with time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry and related techniques

A series of cationic, zwitterionic and anionic fluorinated carbocyanine dyes, spin-coated on Si substrates, were measured with time-of-flight static secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-S-SIMS) under Ga(+) primary ion bombardment. Detailed fragmentation patterns were developed for all dyes measured. In the positive mode, the resulting spectra showed very intense signals for the precursor ions of the cationic dyes, whereas the protonated signals of the anionic dyes were hardly detected. Differences of three orders of magnitude were repeatedly observed for the secondary ion signal intensities of cationic and anionic dyes, respectively. All measured dyes yielded mass spectra containing several characteristic fragment ions. Although the secondary ion yields were still higher for the cationic than the anionic dye fragments, the difference was reduced to a factor of < or =10. This result and the fact that M(+), [M + H](+) or [M + 2H](+) are even-electron species make it very likely that the recorded fragments were not formed directly out of the (protonated) parent ions M(+), [M + H](+) or [M + 2H](+). In the negative mode, none of the recorded spectra contained molecular information. Only signals originating from some characteristic elements of the molecules (F, Cl), the anionic counter ion signal and some low-mass organic ions were detected. A comparative study was made between TOF-S-SIMS, using Ga(+) primary ions, and other mass spectrometric techniques, namely fast atom bombardment (FAB), electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The measurements showed that MALDI, ESI and FAB all give rise to spectra containing molecular ion signals. ESI and FAB produced M(+) and [M + H](+) signals, originating from the cationic and zwitterionic dyes, in the positive mode and M(-) and [M - H](-) signals of the anionic and zwitterionic dyes in the negative mode. With MALDI, molecular ion signals were measured in both modes for all the dyes. Structural fragment ions were detected for FAB, ESI and MALDI in both the positive and negative modes. Compared with the other techniques, TOF-S-SIMS induced a higher degree of fragmentation.     

Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of donor-acceptor dyes based on triphenylpyrazolines as a donor block and dicyanoisophorone as acceptor

A series of donor-acceptor dyes based on polyfluoro-substituted triarylpyrazolines (as a donor block) and a dicyanoisophorone group (as an acceptor) were synthesized using the Knoevenagel condensation. The dyes have an absorption in the region of 509–514 nm and intense luminescence at 648–663 nm in chloroform with a large Stokes shift (up to 4410 cm^–1). Based on the synthesized dyes, chromophore–polymer (guest–host) films were obtained in a polycarbonate matrix with a chromophore content up to 27 wt.%. Poling of chromophore–polymer films was carried out in an electric field of a corona discharge and the coefficient of nonlinear optical response d₃₃ was measured by the second-harmonic generation method of the fundamental frequency of a Nd-YAG laser (1064 nm). The obtained films have a high initial thermal stability and a nonlinear optical response up to 80 pm V^–1, which persists up to 115 °С.

     

Über primäre Disazofarbstoffe mit Aminonaphtol-sulfonsäuren

Disazo dyes from 6-amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (J acid) were synthesized by coupling ortho-hydroxy monoazo dyes with different diazonium compounds in acid medium (dyes No 3 – 14 . A second coupling to the ortho position of the amino group was also possible with the copper complexes of o,o' -dihydroxy monoazo dyes from 8-amino-1-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid (H acid) dyes No 19 – 22 ). This is a reversal of the well known rule that the formation of disazo dyes with aminonaphthol-sulfonic acids is only practicable when an acid coupling is followed by an alkaline one. 5-Amino-1-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-sulfonic acid (M acid), which is said to form no disazo dyes, could be coupled twice with several diazonium compounds to yield disazo dyes (dyes No 24 , 26 , 27 , 29 ).     

Development and optimization of an analytical method for the determination of Sudan dyes in hot chilli pepper by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line electrogenerated BrO- -luminol chemiluminescence detection

The determination of four Sudan dyes by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was proposed. The method was based on the enhancement effect of Sudan dyes on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and BrO-, which was on-line electrogenerated by constant current electrolysis. The separation was carried out on Nucleosil RP-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 microm, pore size, 100 A) at 35 degrees C. The mobile phase consisted of a V (methanol): V (0.2% aqueous formic acid) = 90:10 solution. At a flow-rate of 1.0 ml min(-1), the total run time was 25 min. The effects of several parameters on the HPLC resolution and CL emission were studied systematically. For the four Sudan dyes, the limits of detection (LOD) at a signal-to-noise of 3 ranged from 4 to 8 microg kg(-1) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) at a signal-to-noise of 10 ranged from 13 to 27 microg kg(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSD) of intra-and inter-day precision were below 4.4%. The average recoveries for all four Sudan dyes (spiked at the levels of 1.0 and 1.5 mg kg(-1)) in chilli tomato sauce and hot chilli pepper ranged from 94% to 105%, and the relative standard deviations of the quantitative results were from 2.5 to 4.2%. The proposed method had been successfully applied to the determination of four Sudan dyes in hot chilli products.     

New metallochromic indicators for compleximetric titration of calcium

Seven o,o'-dihydroxyazo dyes were synthesized and tested as metallochromic indicators for calcium: 1-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-chloro-1-phenylazo)-2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid (I), 1-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-chloro-1-phenylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (II), 1-(2-hydroxy-6-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (III), 2,2'-dihydroxy-1, 1'-azonaphthalene-3,3', 6,6'-tetrasulfonic acid (IV), 1-(2-hydroxy-3-carboxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (V), 1-(2,3-dihydroxy-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3, 6-disulfonic acid (VI), 1-(2,3-dihydroxy-6-sulfo-1-naphthylazo)-2-naphthol-3,6-disulfonic acid (VII). The acid dissociation constants and the formation constants of the calcium and magnesium chelates of these dyes were determined. The rate of the decomposition of these dyes and their calcium chelates in alkaline solutions was also examined. From the results of photometric and visual titrations of calcium in the presence of magnesium, indicators III and IV provide the sharpest end-points and the best stability in alkaline solutions.     

阴离子碳菁染料的合成与聚集动力学研究

自从１９３８年，Ｓｃｈｅｉｂｅ［１］发现了菁染料聚集体中的能量传递现象，人们对菁染料的聚集行为展开了大量的研究［２，３］．由于菁染料聚集体对乳剂具有特殊的增感作用，人们主要研究聚集体在乳剂中的增感机理［４，５］以及菁染料聚集的溶剂效应与浓度效应［６］...     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定可食性包装材料中22种酸性染料

建立了可食性包装材料中酸性黄23、酸性红18、酸性蓝7等22种酸性染料的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品以乙腈-甲醇(5:5, v/v)提取,采用Strata-X-AW固相萃取柱净化。待测物经Zorbax Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm)分离,以乙腈-10 mmol/L乙酸铵为流动相梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾负离子源(ESI^-)、多重反应监测(MRM)模式检测;以保留时间和特征离子对(母离子和两个碎片离子)信息比较进行定性,基质匹配外标法定量。22种酸性染料在各自的线性范围内相关系数(r²)均大于0.991;在3种基质(糯米纸、植物胶囊、明胶胶囊)中方法的定量限(以S/N≥10计)为0.1~2.0 mg/kg, 3个加标水平(1、2、10倍定量限)下,回收率为78.4%~109.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.6%~14.5%。本方法快速简便、准确可靠,适用于可食性包装材料中多种酸性染料的测定。     

Steric and electrostatic effects in dye-cellulose interactions by the MTD and CoMFA approaches

This paper presents the application of the MTD (minimal steric difference) analysis and CoMFA (comparative molecular field analysis) to series of anthraquinone vat, mono and disazo and disperses dyes with known affinities for cellulose fiber. A comparison of the results demonstrates that these methods usually agree with the prediction of structural features favorable for dyeing. A series of n = 49 anthraquinone vat dyes was studied by MTD with r2 between 0.903 and 0.941 and r2CV values in the range of 0.827-0.878. For CoMFA, r2 = 0.992, r2CV = 0.841 were obtained; the CoMFA field is in rather good agreement with vertex attributions, by MTD for attractive and repulsive vertices. Anionic disazo dyes were studied by the CoMFA method (n = 21, r2 = 0.999, r2CV = 0.703). Monoazo dyes (several series) were studied by CoMFA and MTD. The effect of lipophilicity on dye fiber affinity was, also, studied for these dyes. Disperse dye adsorption was analyzed by MTD and CoMFA (n = 27, r2 = 0.925, r2CV = 0.776). Conclusions refer to the effect of structural features of dye molecules upon adsorption on cellulose fibers.