β-环糊精交联包结吸附树脂富集铜的研究

β 环糊精交联聚合物包结有机显色剂8 羟基喹啉所形成的配合物树脂可与多种金属离子反应生成包结配合物。报道了β 环糊精交联聚合物包结8 羟基喹啉以及形成的配合物树脂吸附铜的实验条件的研究。结果表明:在pH7、200mL L乙醇的溶液条件下,可制备β 环糊精交联聚合物包结8 羟基喹啉的包结吸附树脂;该包结树脂可从稀溶液中吸附铜,富集倍数达到100。     

水溶液中环糊精包结物的包结常数的测定方法

环糊精（CD）是由6，7，8个葡萄糖基构成的环状化合物，分别叫做α、β、γ-CD，它们具有“外亲水，内疏水”的独特性质，可以与多种物质形成包结物，而改变物质的特性，因而被广泛应用于各行各业中，在以往研究的基础上，总结了多种测定环糊精包结常数的方法，以便能更好地研究并开发利用具有极大潜力的环糊精。     

β—环糊精及其包结物作为气相色谱固定相分离混合物研究

β-环糊精由于其特殊的分子结构,对某些物质具有包结作用,并形成较稳定的复合物,极化能力大大增强,在色谱中具有更大的保留值,气相色谱固定相分离混合物过程中,β-环糊精包结物较β-环糊精具有更强的分离能力。分别对β-环糊精及其包结了某些物质后的β-环糊精作气相色谱固定相,对一系列低佛点有机化合物的分离和保留行为进行研究,比较了β-环糊精包结前后的不同的分离效果,并初步探讨了有关的形成机理和分离机制。     

环糊精与乙烯和三十烷醇包结物的研究

本文报道在常压下制备了α-环糊精-乙烯包结物的微细晶体,和环糊精与三十烷醇的溶胶与粉末包结物,以增加长链烷基醇的溶解度。其溶胶在室温下放置半年不凝聚。还用X-射线粉未衍射法、1~H核磁共振及差热-热重分析等方法研究了包结物的形成。     

环糊精包结物包结比的测定

由于环糊精具有“外亲水,内疏水”的独特性质,它可以包结许多物质而形成主客体配合物,从而改变物质的特性,所以被广泛应用于各行各业中,包结物的包结比是决定包络物性质的一个重要参数,在查阅大量文献的基础上,总结出环糊精包结反应过程中测定主客体间的包结比的方法,并对其进行了较详细的介绍。     

荧光光度法测定肠虫清片剂中的阿苯达唑

利用β－环糊精－１,２－二溴乙烷乙醇混合体系作增敏剂首次提出了用荧光光度法测量阿苯达唑含量的方法。详细讨论了协人同剂对β－环精增敏作用的影响,根据不同酸度条件下协同剂的用量推断出阿苯达唑、β－环糊精及１,２－二上互存在多种包结形式。当协同剂用量不同时包结程度不同,分别形成１：１：１或１：１：２的多各包结物。利用本法测定了肠虫清片剂中的有产成分阿苯达唑的含量,结果满意。     

用电化学分析法研究碱性染料与β-环糊精的包结作用

采用单扫描极谱法考察了β-环糊精对15种不同结构类型的碱性染料在不同支持电解质中电化学性质的影响;用“电流法”测定了包结常数;比较了不同主客体分子之间的包结作用,探讨了包结物在形成过程中的多种影响因素。结果表明,碱性染料环糊精包结物的形成受支持电解质,染料分子的结构类型及亲水性等多种因素的制约,而体积相适为包结作用的决定性因素。     

γ-环糊精诱导的2-萘甲酸酯光二聚反应

本文研究了水溶液中γ-环糊精诱导2-萘甲酸酯的光二聚反应.γ-环糊精的限制性疏水空腔能够容纳两个2-萘甲酸甲酯(或乙酯)分子形成稳定的2:1包结复合物NA@γ-CD,光照NA@γ-CD包结物水溶液能高效、快速、高选择地生成2-萘甲酸酯的类立方烷光二聚体,并且该反应有一定程度的对映体选择性.     

β-环糊精和α-氨基吡啶包结配合物及其自组装行为

制备了β-环糊精和α-氨基吡啶的包合物(1), 使用X射线衍射方法测定了其晶体结构. 研究结果表明, 包结在环糊精空腔中的α-氨基吡啶分子存在着两种不同的取向: 一种是α-氨基吡啶的氨基朝向β-环糊精的主面(1a, 占有率为41. 2%), 另一种则是氨基朝向β-环糊精的次面(1b, 占有率为58. 8%), 从而导致了两种不同鳞状超分子聚集体的形成. 进而, 二维核磁和圆二色光谱研究显示, 在溶液中α-氨基吡啶分子能够深包结进入β-环糊精空腔形成主客体包结配合物, 并且在β-环糊精的手性空腔中产生诱导的圆二色光谱信号. 这些研究结果对于理解主客体间分子识别与组装机理具有一定的意义.     

β-/γ-环糊精与Gemini草酸酯季铵盐的相互作用

本文对新合成的双子草酸酯季铵盐表面活性剂以表面张力法测定了25～45℃范围内的临界胶束浓度(0.6698～0.6099mmol·L-1),并计算了胶束形成的相关热力学参数ΔGm0、ΔHm0、ΔSm0.对其与β-,γ-环糊精(β-,γ-CD)的包结作用进行了研究.β-环糊精与双子草酸酯季铵盐表面活性剂的主客体包结物包结比主要为2:1.实验结果表明,环糊精对双子草酸酯季铵盐的胶束化有显著影响.由于双子草酸酯季铵盐的水链被环糊精的空腔包裹,削弱了其胶束生成的能力,使溶液的表面张力随环糊精浓度的增加而大大增加.     

Modern encroachment in synthetic approaches to access nifty quinoline heterocycles

Quinoline and its derivatives have become significant compounds because of their variety of applications in medicine, synthetic chemistry, coordination chemistry, as well as in the field of industrial chemistry. This review will summarize the different conventional methods of synthesis of quinolines and also entrenching special technique approaches such as microwave-assisted synthesis, multicomponent reactions, solvent-free reaction conditions, ionic liquids, ultrasound promoted synthesis, phase-transfer catalyst, photocatalyst, heterogeneous, homogeneous, biocatalysis, etc.     

Amplification reactions in microanalysis. A survey

Amplification reactions have been known for a long time, even if not always under this name. They are an alternative to analyze very small amounts of substance. Definitions and basic terms are given and the various possibilities for such reactions so far known are discussed, not all of the methods described here are of practical use.     

Use of metal nanoparticles for preconcentration and analysis of biological thiols

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit several unique physicochemical properties, including redox activity, surface plasmon resonance, ability to quench fluorescence, biocompatibility, or a high surface-to-volume ratio. They are being increasingly used in analysis and preconcentration of thiol containing compounds, because they are able to spontaneously form a stable Au/Ag/Cu–S dative bond. They thus find wide application in environmental and particularly in medical science, especially in the analysis of biological thiols, the endogenous compounds that play a significant role in many biological systems. In this review article, we provide an overview of various types of NPs that have been applied in analysis and preconcentration of biological thiols, mainly in human biological fluids. We first discuss shortly the types of NPs and their synthesis, properties, and their ability to interact with thiol compounds. Then we outline the sample preconcentration and analysis methods that were used for this purpose with special emphasis on optical, electrochemical, and separation techniques.     

Progress in the analytical research methods of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one species of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with strong carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. They can be widely found in the environment, which cause great harm to the ecological environment. In addition, they endanger human health by polluting food from the natural environment and food processing. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately detect PAHs in various sample matrices, which requires the accurate, practical and rapid detection methods. This review aims to investigate the progress of research methods for PAHs, including pretreatment methods and detection methods. A summary analysis of different methods is performed by searching the literature on numerous methods for detecting PAHs published in various journals. There are many pretreatment methods for PAHs, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), cloud point extraction (CPE) and so on. The most commonly used methods for detecting PAHs are high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Spectrophotometry, chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry have been used more frequently owing to their accuracy and convenience. At the same time, some immunological methods, such as immunosensormethods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunofluorescence, etc. are also widely used.     

木质素结构及分析方法的研究进展

木质素广泛存在于高等植物中,是仅次于纤维素的地球上第二丰富的生物聚合体,有效地利用自然界中含量丰富的木质素具有重大的意义。然而,由于木质素结构的复杂性,对其具体结构的认识和寻找合适的木质素结构分析方法成为人们长期探索的课题。本文主要阐述了目前对木质素单体的生物合成途径和木质素的化学组成、官能团、单体间的连接方式、木质素模型化合物等木质素结构方面的研究进展,并从降解法和非降解法两个角度介绍了常用的木质素结构分析方法。     

Exponentially - Fitted Multiderivative Methods for the Numerical Solution of the Schrödinger Equation

In this paper exponentially fitted multiderivative methods are developed for the numerical solution of the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The methods are called multiderivative since uses derivatives of order two and four. An application to the the resonance problem of the radial Schrödinger equation indicates that the new method is more efficient than other similar well known methods of the literature.     

On a general theorem concerning some absolute summability methods

In this note a general theorem covering several absolute summability methods e.g, |N,p_n|_k|R,p_n|_k, is proved.     

Self-similar power transforms in extrapolation problems

A method is suggested allowing for the improvement of accuracy of self-similar factor and root approximants, constructed from asymptotic series. The method is based on performing a power transforms of the given asymptotic series, with the power of this transformation being a control function. The latter is defined by a fixed-point condition, which improves the convergence of the sequence of the resulting approximants. The method makes it possible to extrapolate the behaviour of a function, given as an expansion over a small variable, to the region of the large values of this variable. Several examples illustrate the effectiveness of the method     

A new scaling procedure to correct semiempirical MEP and MEP-derived properties

Summary The MNDO, AM1, PM3, and ab initio 6–31G^* and 6–31+G^* MEPs for 21 neutral and 12 charged molecules were computed in layers ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 times the van der Waals radii of atoms. Semiempirical and ab initio MEPs for each layer and two groups of layers were compared to gain insight into the relationships between semiempirical and ab initio MEPs. A detailed statistical study allowed us to obtain a new set of scaling coefficients able to correct the semiempirical MEPs to provide better representations of the ab initio values. The corrected semiempirical MEPs were used to obtain electrostatic charges, whose quality was tested by the comparison between semiempirical Coulombic MEPs and ab initio quantum mechanical MEPs.