基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS分析附子半夏配伍相反的物质基础

利用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用技术(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)分析附子半夏药对配伍相反的物质基础,从化学成分层次阐释其配伍相反机制.基于UPLC/Q-TOF-MS建立附子半夏药对配伍后生物碱类成分的化学指纹图谱,通过主成分分析法和正交偏最小二乘判别法分析药对配伍在合煎过程中的生物碱类成分的含量变化,找出差异变化显著的化学成分.结果表明正离子模式时附子半夏药对合煎液中次乌头碱,中乌头碱,乌头碱,去氧乌头碱,10-OH-中乌头碱,10-OH-乌头碱等的含量明显增高,而中乌头原碱,去乙酸中乌头原碱,去乙酸次乌头原碱,苯甲酰乌头原碱,苯甲酰次乌头原碱,10-OH-苯甲酰中乌头原碱等含量降低.附子半夏药对配伍应用时双酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显增高,而单酯型二萜生物碱的含量明显降低,这可能是附子半夏药对配伍相反作用的物质基础.     

近红外光谱法快速测定附子中6个生物碱的含量

应用近红外光谱(NIRS)技术结合偏最小二乘(PLS)和最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立了附子中多指标成分的快速无损检测方法。选取38批样品建立了同时测定附子样品中6种成分含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)方法;通过采集附子样品的NIRS图,分别采用PLS和LS-SVM建立了各个成分HPLC测定值与NIRS图的定量校正模型。所建立的苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱、乌头碱、单酯型生物碱总量和双酯型生物碱总量LS-SVM模型的相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为3.3、3.2、4.1、7.7、8.8、7.6、4.0和8.6;验证集相关系数(rpre)分别为0.9486、0.9475、0.9668、0.9909、0.9946、0.9969、0.9669和0.9927,且LS-SVM模型优于PLS模型,说明NIRS模型验证集与HPLC测定值具有良好的非线性关系,模型预测效果良好。采用NIRS技术结合LS-SVM模型可以快速对附子中的上述6个生物碱含量以及单酯型生物碱总量和双酯型生物碱总量进行检测,方法操作简便,对控制附子中的生物碱含量具有一定的指导作用。     

离心超滤质谱筛选川乌中与人血清白蛋白相互作用的乌头类生物碱

采用离心超滤质谱技术从川乌总生物碱提取物中筛选与人血清白蛋白相互作用的乌头类生物碱成分,并用LC-MSn技术对筛选出的活性成分进行了分离鉴定.结果表明,从川乌总生物碱中筛选并鉴定出9种与人血清白蛋白存在相互作用的乌头类生物碱:苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、10-OH-中乌头碱、中乌头碱、10-OH-乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱和3,13-脱氧乌头碱.     

乌头碱的代谢产物去氧乌头碱的生物转化及其电喷雾串联质谱

采用人肠内细菌和乌头碱体外温孵的方法, 探讨去氧乌头碱在人肠内的生物转化. 利用离子阱和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱直接分析去氧乌头碱的转化产物. 乌头类生物碱及其代谢产物在正离子电喷雾质谱条件下形成质子化分子([M+H]+), 通过多级串联质谱进行结构表征. 去氧乌头碱可被人肠内细菌转化, 通过脱酰基、脱甲基脱羟基以及酯化反应产生新型的单酯型、双酯型和脂类生物碱等10余种代谢产物. 双酯型的去氧乌头碱的毒性较高, 当它被肠内细菌转化为单酯型和脂类生物碱时会使其毒性降低.     

柱切换液相色谱法快速定量检测参附注射液中乌头碱类生物碱和人参皂苷

利用柱切换液相色谱,建立了参附注射液中苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱和乌头碱6种乌头碱类生物碱,以及Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Ro、Rb2、Rb3、Rd 9种人参皂苷的分析方法。首先利用强阳离子交换的在线固相小柱选择性富集和净化样品中生物碱类成分,优化了色谱条件;并采用EC－C18柱作为人参皂苷的分析柱,通过优化实验条件,结合柱切换方式,去除了样品中辅料等大极性基质成分对色谱柱的污染,实现了生物碱分析和人参皂苷分析的自动切换。结果显示,样品中的生物碱和人参皂苷分离良好,线性相关系数（r2）均大于0.999,连续进样精密度的相对标准偏差（RSD） < 2.0%,重复性的RSD < 2.0%;其中6种生物碱的平均回收率为95.1%～98.6%,检出限为4.0～8.2 ng/mL;9种人参皂苷的平均回收率为91.7%～104%。所构建的基于柱切换液相色谱技术的在线固相萃取方法能够有效去除样品中的基质干扰,快速完成参附注射液中3种单酯型生物碱和9种人参皂苷的快速定量,同时也可对3种双酯型生物碱进行限量检测,可应用于药物的质量评价。     

乌头碱水解产物的研究

乌头碱为C_(19)二萜类双酯型生物碱,是乌头类中药的主要毒性成分和活性成分,乌头碱具有很强的抗炎和镇痛活性~([1]),在临床上被用于抗肿瘤药物,由于其治疗剂量与中毒剂量接近,必须经炮制后使用.乌头碱水解产物已有报道,但主要集中在苯甲酰乌头原碱和乌头原碱上,焦乌头碱很少提及,本研究利用硅胶柱色谱法对乌头碱的水解产物进行了分离和纯化,利用质谱和核磁共振谱确定了3种主要产物的结构,为研究乌头碱类生物碱的水解产物提供了新的数据.     

16-O-去甲基去氧乌头碱在肠内细菌中的生物转化研究

采用人肠内细菌和乌头碱体外温孵的方法,探讨乌头碱的代谢产物16-O-去甲基去氧乌头碱在人肠内的生物转化。利用离子阱电喷雾串联质谱(ESIMS/MSn)方法直接分析16-O-去甲基去氧乌头碱的代谢产物。乌头类生物碱在ESI正离子模式条件下形成质子化分子[M H] 。16-O-去甲基去氧乌头碱可被人肠内细菌转化,通过脱乙酰基、脱苯甲酰基、脱甲基、脱羟基以及酯化反应产生新型的单酯型、双酯型和脂类生物碱等10余种代谢产物。双酯型生物碱具有较高的毒性,相对应的单酯型和脂类生物碱毒性较低。16-O-去甲基去氧乌头碱被肠内细菌转化为单酯型和脂类生物碱会使其毒性降低。     

展毛大渡乌头全草中的新二萜生物碱

从展毛大渡乌头(Aconitum franchetii var.villosulum)中分离得到11个C_(19)-二萜生物碱,经过HR-ESIMS,1D和2D NMR等波谱技术确定了它们的结构.其中一个为新的乌头碱型二萜生物碱,villosutine(1).其余10个为已知化合物,包含4个乌头碱型二萜生物碱、1个热解型二萜生物碱和5个大渡乌碱型二萜生物碱.     

大孔树脂对麻黄细辛附子汤生物碱成分静态吸附及解吸附性能研究

采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定麻黄细辛附子(MXF)汤复方水提液中盐酸麻黄碱、盐酸伪麻黄碱、苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱含量,考察了4种大孔树脂(HPD–100,HPD–722,HPD–400,HPD–600型)对5种生物碱的静态吸附、解吸附性能,筛选出分离纯化麻黄细辛附子汤中生物碱的最佳树脂。结果显示,HPD–722型树脂对5种生物碱的吸附过程稳定且吸附量大,具有较高的解吸附率(87.26%),优于其它3种树脂。HPD–722型大孔树脂适用于富集麻黄细辛附子汤中的生物碱类化合物。     

乌头类双酯型生物碱组分转化为单酯水解型及脂型生物碱组分的研究

建立了乌头类双酯型生物碱组分专一的转化为单酯水解型生物碱组分和脂型生物碱组分的方法,其转化率在90%以上,应用电喷雾多级串联质谱方法监测反应进程并对反应产物进行鉴定,同时可以考察反应中生成的副产物.     

电喷雾质谱半定量方法研究制川乌配伍后的大鼠肠内菌生物转化

利用电喷雾多级串联质谱法研究了中药药对共煎液中双酯型、单酯型及脂型生物碱的生物转化过程,建立了乌头类生物碱生物转化前后的质谱半定量方法,分析了大鼠肠内菌群作用下制川乌分别与浙贝母、法半夏和白蔹配伍后共煎液的生物转化过程中乌头类生物碱的含量变化.结果表明,在配伍后的共煎液中,浙贝母可增加双酯411生物碱含量,法半夏可降低...     

Screening and analysis of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of aconite roots extract using LC-TOFMS-based metabolomics

Aconite roots are popularly used in herbal medicines in China. Many cases of accidental and intentional intoxication with this plant have been reported; some of these are fatal because the toxicity of aconitum is very high. It is thus important to detect and identify aconitum alkaloids in biofluids. In this work, an improved method employing LC-TOFMS with multivariate data analysis was developed for screening and analysis of major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat urine following oral administration of aconite roots extract. Thirty-four signals highlighted by multivariate statistical analyses including 24 parent components and 10 metabolites were screened out and further identified by adjustment of the fragmentor voltage to produce structure-relevant fragment ions. It is helpful for studying aconite roots in toxicology, pharmacology and forensic medicine. This work also confirmed that the metabolomic approach provides effective tools for screening multiple absorbed and metabolic components of Chinese herbal medicines in vivo.     

Sensitive determination of three aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in human plasma by matrix solid‐phase dispersion with vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and HPLC with diode array detection

A simple and sensitive method for determination of three aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in human plasma was developed using matrix solid‐phase dispersion combined with vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The plasma sample was directly purified by matrix solid‐phase dispersion and the eluate obtained was concentrated and further clarified by vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Some important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as type and amount of dispersing sorbent, type and volume of elution solvent, type and volume of extraction solvent, salt concentration as well as sample solution pH, were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method has good repeatability and reproducibility with intraday and interday relative standard deviations lower than 5.44 and 5.75%, respectively. The recoveries of the aconitum alkaloids ranged from 73.81 to 101.82%, and the detection limits were achieved within the range of 1.6–2.1 ng/mL. The proposed method offered the advantages of good applicability, sensitivity, simplicity, and feasibility, which makes it suitable for the determination of trace amounts of aconitum alkaloids in human plasma samples.     

展毛多根乌头的生物碱化学成分研究

展毛多根乌头(Aconitum karakolicum var. patentipilum W. T. Wang)为毛莨科乌头属植物,是新疆民间常用草药之一,民间称为草乌,主要用于治疗神经痛、牙痛和关节炎等。我们从该植物的根中分离了5个二萜生物碱,用UV、IR、~1H NMR、MS等分析结构并与巳知样品的物理数据对照,鉴定为去氧乌头碱(deoxyaconitine)(Ⅰ)。准     

Chemical UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS profiling of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Root extract

In this paper, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method in positive ion mode was established to systematically identify and to compare the major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Fuzi extract. A total twenty‐nine components including twenty‐five C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids and four C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids were identified in Fuzi extract. Thirteen of the parent components and five metabolites were detected in rat plasma and sixteen parent compounds and six metabolites in urine. These parent components found in rat plasma and urine were mainly C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids. All of the metabolites in vivo were demethylated metabolites (phase I metabolites), which suggested that demethylation was the major metabolic pathway of aconitum alkaloids in vivo. A comparison of the parent components in rat plasma and urine revealed that 3‐deoxyacontine was found in plasma but not in urine, while kalacolidine, senbusine and 16‐β‐hydroxycardiopetaline existed in urine but not in plasma, which indicated that most alkaloids components were disposed and excreted in prototype form. This research provides some important information for further metabolic investigations of Fuzi in vivo.     

Pharmacokinetics of monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids in myocardial infarction and normal rats after oral administration of Sini decoction by microdialysis combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids are the main bioactive components of Sini decoction, which is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine formula for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure in China. In this work, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry combined with microdialysis method was successfully established and applied for investigating for the first time comparative plasma pharmacokinetics of three monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids (benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine) in normal and MI rats after oral administration of Sini decoction. The statistical results of pharmacokinetic parameters demonstrated that benzoylmesaconitine, benzoylaconitine and benzoylhypacoitine showed lower peak concentration, longer half‐life, smaller area under the concentration–time curve, slower clearance, time to peak concentration and mean residence time in MI rats than in normal rats (p < 0.05), which indicated that monoester‐diterpenoid alkaloids exhibited lower systemic exposure and slower elimination in the MI rats. The results provided the experimental basis for understanding the metabolic fate and therapeutic effects of Sini decoction.     

雪上一支蒿中乌头碱类生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱分析

利用电喷雾串联质谱(ESI-MS／MS)对雪上一支篙的乙醇提取液进行了直接分析，方法简便，直观，用样量少。ESL-MS可以给出分子量信息，MS／MS方法则可以从复杂体系中获得结构信息。在雪上一支蒿中发现乌头碱、去氧乌头碱及它们的水解产物和脂类生物碱等共19种二菇生物碱，其中脂类生物碱为首次在该植物中发现。     

Binding of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein with aconitum alkaloids: an investigation using an intensity fading matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry method

Intensity fading matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (IF-MALDI) mass spectrometry has become an alternative screening approach for the affinity-binding analysis of proteins and peptides with ligands. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the interaction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) with aconitum alkaloids by IF-MALDI Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (IF-MALDI-FT-MS). Compared with the nonbinding internal standard, clear reduction in the ion abundances of the target alkaloids was observed with the addition of AGP. Relative binding affinities of different alkaloids towards the protein could also be estimated using IF-MALDI-FT-MS. The binding affinity was also investigated by using ultrafiltration liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ultrafiltration LC-DAD/ESI-MS), and results were consistent with that of IF-MALDI-FT-MS.