高效毛细管电泳分离的优化策略

本文提出一种新的优化策略，综合分析表面活性剂浓度、缓冲液ＰＨ值、有机添加剂浓度，缓冲溶液浓度及操作电压等实验因素对高效毛细管电泳分离的影响，用多种优化目标函数考察分离度和峰分布均匀性。     

毛细管区带电泳分离硝基苯胺位置异构体的研究

采用毛细管区带电泳(CZE)技术,在极端pH值条件下分离了邻、间、对硝基苯胺位置异构体;研究了背景缓冲溶液、pH值、分离电压、温度及进样时间等因素对分离的影响,得出了3种样品的标准曲线、线性范围及加样回收率。在选定的实验条件下15min内实现了上述3种苯胺类化合物的分离。该方法快速,准确,重现性好。     

高效毛细管电泳分离手性物质

本文对近年来发展起来的高效毛细管电泳技术（ＨＰＣＥ）在手性分离方面的工作做了评述,讨论了高效毛细管电泳手性对映体的分离方式和定量方面,并对在这一重要领域中可能的发展趋势做了展望。     

用于毛细管电泳分离DNA 的聚合物介质的研究进展

综述了用于毛细管电泳分离DNA 及测序的聚合物介质的研究进展。这类聚合物主要有均聚物、无规共聚物、嵌段共聚物、接枝共聚物、共混聚合物、准互穿聚合物网络和微交联纳米凝胶聚合物,并对各种结构的聚合物的筛分性能进行了比较。     

喜树果中喜树碱含量的高效毛细管电泳安培法测定

建立了喜树果中喜树碱的高效毛细管电泳安培检测方法.着重探讨了缓冲溶液种类、浓度、酸碱度及操作电压、进样时间等对检测的影响.Na2B4O7-NaOH(Na2B4O7浓度为30 mmol/L)为电泳介质,在15 kV高压,pH 9.0的碱性条件下用柱端安培检测喜树碱含量.该法的线性范围为:1～100 mg/L,Y=11 020 1 014.6 ρ,r=0.999 4,检出限为0.5 mg/L.     

毛细管电泳分离检测常见的鸦片毒品

本文叙述了常见鸦片制品中海洛因、吗啡、６－单乙酰吗啡、可待因、乙酰可待因、咖啡因、罂粟碱及可卡因８种组分的毛细管电泳分离与检测方法，讨论了在不同电泳体系中各种组分的电泳行为和分离效率。在最佳条件下，一次进样可以同时获得上述组分的基线分离，检出限可达０．８－１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ水平。     

基于遗传算法的手性毛细管电泳分离中多指标同时优化

将功效函数法结合遗传算法用于碱性药物肾上腺素的手性毛细管电泳的多指标同时优化.以均匀设计安排了4因素(电解质浓度、pH值、手性试剂浓度和分离电压)6水平实验,建立了峰分离度、迁移时间和灵敏度与实验因素间的多元线性回归方程.为获得毛细管电泳评价指标的同时优化,采用Derringer功效函数法,建立了总功效函数与实验因素的定量关系.采用实数编码的遗传算法搜寻总功效函数的最大值,获得了多个优化分离条件,在这些分离条件下得到的总功效函数与均匀试验设计中最佳条件相比,平均提高了10.4%,获得了三指标同时优化的结果.     

盐酸美西律对映体的毛细管电泳分离

以β－环糊精的两种生物做为毛细管电泳手性分离添加剂，对盐酸美西律的对映体进行了拆分研究。其中，２，６－Ｏ－二甲基β－环糊精可将对映体部分拆分，而２，３，６－Ｏ－三甲基β－环糊精时，可基线分离对映体。研究了两种甲基化β－环糊精的浓度及工作电压对分离的影响。     

脉冲毛细管电泳分离蛋白质的研究

蛋白质是机体细胞的重要组成成分,通过分析蛋白质可获得机体的受损或病变情况,因此毛细管电泳（CE）分析蛋白质分子在临床医学中具有重要的应用价值。该文以溶菌酶、生长激素、碳酸酐酶、肌动蛋白、牛血清白蛋白和磷酸化酶B为样本,采用有效长度为6cm和总长度为8cm的毛细管,以羟乙基纤维素（HEC）为分离介质,首次采用脉冲电场毛细管电泳（PFCE）,研究了脉冲频率及调制深度对不同蛋白质（分子量14.4～97.4kDa）分离效率的影响。结果表明,相对于电场强度为100V/cm的直流电场毛细管电泳（DCCE）,在1.4%HEC筛分介质中采用平均电场强度为100V/cm,脉冲频率为10Hz,调制深度为250%的脉冲电场时,相同蛋白质分子的分离时间缩短6.6%～9.6%;脉冲电场与蛋白质分子的共振频率为10Hz,当脉冲频率低于共振频率时,分离时间随脉冲频率的增高而延长,反之则随脉冲频率的增高而减少;当脉冲频率与共振频率相同时,其分离度提高34.1%～88.1%,理论塔板数最高为4.03×10⁴;在相同平均电场下,当调制深度由0提至250%时,筛分介质内的焦耳热比直流电场时提高了2.64倍;焦耳热的提高使得筛分介质的粘度降低,导致蛋白质分子在筛分介质内的迁移时间随电场脉冲调制深度的增加而减少,且蛋白质的分子量越大,其迁移时间越小,其中磷酸化酶B的迁移时间减少约9.6%,但相邻蛋白质分子间的分离度无明显降低。该研究为提高CE对蛋白质分子的分离效率提供了新方法。     

人工神经网络法用于高效毛细管电泳分离条件优化的研究

把人工神经网络（ＡＮＮ）法应用于高效毛细管电泳（ＨＰＣＥ）分离条件的优化，给出了反向传播（ＢＰ）的ＡＮＮ模型的具体算法。用正交试验法同时考察了缓冲溶液组成、浓度、ｐＨ值和有机添加剂浓度等实验因素对ＨＰＣＥ分离合成色素和防腐剂的影响，采用误差反向传播方法建立了有效的ＡＮＮ预测模型，预测最佳分离条件，获得了满意的分离结果。     

Protein separation by capillary gel electrophoresis: A review

Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been used for protein separation for more than two decades. Due to the technology advancement, current CGE methods are becoming more and more robust and reliable for protein analysis, and some of the methods have been routinely used for the analysis of protein-based pharmaceuticals and quality controls. In light of this progress, we survey 147 papers related to CGE separations of proteins and present an overview of this technology. We first introduce briefly the early development of CGE. We then review the methodology, in which we specifically describe the matrices, coatings, and detection strategies used in CGE. CGE using microfabricated channels and incorporation of CGE with two-dimensional protein separations are also discussed in this section. We finally present a few representative applications of CGE for separating proteins in real-world samples.     

Derivatized cyclodextrins for the separation of enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis

The use of cyclodextrin derivatives for the efficient separation of enantiomeric drugs is described. Hydroxypropylation, methylation or carboxymethylation of the cyclodextrin not only result in a better solubility of the cyclodextrin in aqueous solutions, but also favor, via additional hydrogen bonding, the stabilization of one of the cyclodextrin-analyte complexes. The influence of the background electrolyte on peak shape is also described here. Carboxymethylated cyclodextrin can be used in similar manner to uncharged cyclodextrins at low pH values (below 4). At pH values above 5, however, its charge also allows the separation of uncharged enantiomers as in a micellar-like system.     

Adding sodium dodecylsulfate to the running electrolyte enhances the separation of gold nanoparticles by capillary electrophoresis

This paper describes employing capillary electrophoresis (CE) for the separation of gold colloids in nanometer-size regimes. Adding sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) surfactant to the running buffer enhances the capability of CE to separate gold nanoparticles. We found that the optimized separation conditions involved SDS (70 mM), 3-cyclohexylamoniuopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS) buffer (10 mM), pH 10.0, and an applied voltage of 20 kV. We propose that the charged surfactants associate onto the surface of the gold nanoparticles and cause a change in the charge-to-size ratio of gold nanoparticle, which is a function of the surface area of nanoparticle and the surfactant concentration of running electrolyte. At high concentrations of the surfactant in the running electrolyte—i.e., when the surface of the gold nanoparticles is fully occupied with SDS—a linear relationship exists between the electrophoretic mobility and nanoparticles having diameters ranging from 5.3 to 38 nm. Based on the results of separating the 5.3 and 19 nm nanoparticles, we estimate that the size resolution (R_s=1.0) is 5.0 nm. The relative standard deviations of the electrophoretic mobilities of the 5.3 and 19 nm gold nanoparticles are 0.97 and 0.54%, respectively.     

Analysis of doxycycline by capillary electrophoresis

Summary Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic broad spectrum antibiotic with improved serum half-lie. Potential impurities are 4-epidoxycycline, 6-epidoxycycline, 4,6-epidoxycycline, metacycline and 2-acetyl-2-decarboxamidodoxycycline. Method development has been undertaken to investigate the potential of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of doxycycline. The influence of buffer type, buffer pH and concentration was systematically examined, then that of capillary temperature and applied voltage. All the potential impurities could be separated at 15 °C on a 44 cm × 50 μm I.D. fused silica capillary (effective length to detector, 38 cm) with sodium carbonate (70 mM) - EDTA (1 mM), pH 10.50, as background electrolyte and with a voltage of 12 kV. The relative standard deviation was 2.2 % for doxycycline. The limit of detection and quantification for doxycycline were 0.2 and 0.4 %.     

Characterization of single-stranded DNA separation by capillary gel electrophoresis

We have investigated the effect of polymer gel reconditioning, the shape of the capillary, the applied electric field, and the capillary length for single-stranded DNA. The polyethylene oxide gel had deformed under the high electric field causing the degradation of the separation power. By the reintroduction of the fresh polyethylene oxide gel for the next run, one-base resolution was recovered. It turned out that the tip of the capillary at the injection side needed to be clean and symmetric for much improved resolution. Changing DNA motion by the pulsed electric field resulted in the separation of DNA far more than 500 bases.     

Carbon nanotubes as separation carrier in capillary electrophoresis

The utility and versatility of carboxylic single-walled carbon nanotubes (c-SWNT) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) is demonstrated, using as model solutes homologues and structural isomers. In the case of homologues of caffeine and theobromine, distinct changes in the electrophoretic parameters occur at a critical concentration of c-SWNT in the run buffer. It is suggested that the c-SWNT of a definite concentration could form a network in the run buffer as a pseudostationary phase on the basis of the unique tubule structure, providing a different separation from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. In the case of structural isomers of catechol and hydroquinone, differing from the homologues, it is mainly attributable to the functional groups on the c-SWNT that have an effect on the electrophoretic behaviors by forming intermolecular hydrogen bonding with analytes. Furthermore, aggregated c-SWNT serve as anticonvective media and minimize solute diffusion contributing to zone broadening. The presence of charged c-SWNT suppressed the electrodiffusion and decreased the adsorption between capillary wall and solutes, which led to better peak shapes of isomers.     

毛细管区带电泳法拆分手性药物环扁桃酯

近年来,随着不同种类的手性添加剂[1]在毛细管电泳(CZE)中的使用,毛细管电泳越来越显示出其强有力的手性拆分性能。具有特殊笼状结构并含有多个手性中心的环糊精及其衍生物是毛细电泳手性分离研究中最常采用的手性添加添[2-4]。本文合成了环糊精衍生物单3 O 苯基胺甲酰基 β CD[2]并以之作为手性选择剂分离了β CD及手性药物环扁桃酯。1　实验部分932 3 HVPS高压电源(山东省化工研究院),DD 2000型可调波长紫外检测器(中国科学院大连化学物理研究所),XWT型记录仪(上海大华仪表厂),pHS 25型酸度计(上海雷磁仪器厂),石英毛细管45cm…     

Simultaneous separation of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium by capillary electrophoresis

Summary A capillary electrophoretic method for the simultaneous separation of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium has been developed. Direct (NO₃ ⁻, NO₂ ⁻) and indirect (NH₄ ⁺) UV detection at 214 nm in conjunction with electromigration sampling from both ends of the capillary was used. Two electrolyte systems based on imidazole-sulfate (pH 3.8) and copper(II)-ethylenediamine-chloride (pH 8.0) were investigated. Optimisation of the experimental parameters such as electrolyte concentration, pH, nature of the counter-ion, was studied. The method permits excellent separation of three nitrogen species in only 4 min. The analytical performance of both electrolyte systems is compared in terms of migration time and peak area repeatability and detectability. Alkaline electrolyte shows a better overall analytical performance.