用于CO2加氢合成甲醇超细CuO-ZnO/SiO2-ZrO2催化剂

用溶胶－凝胶法制备了ＣｕＯ－ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ２－ＺｒＯ２复合氧化物催化剂，使用ＩＲ，ＸＲＤ，ＴＥＭ和ＢＥＴ等手段对催化剂的结构及表面性能进行了表征，考察了ＺｒＯ对该体系的表面性质，结构，ＣｕＯ分散状态以及二氧化碳加氢合成甲醇的催化性能的影响。结果表明，该体系催化剂的比表面积大，活性组分分散均匀。     

固体超强酸催化剂ZrO2-Dy2O3/SO42--HZSM-5的制备及结构性能关系的研究

合成了分子筛复合超强酸催化剂ＺｒＯ２－Ｄｙ２Ｏ３／ＳＯ＾２－４－ＨＺＳＭ－５;以柠檬酸和正丁醇的酯化反应为探针,运用Ｈａｍｍｅｔｔ指示剂法、ＢＥＴ、ＸＲＤ和ＡＥＳ等方法,考察了催化剂的制备条件与结构性能的关系。结果表明,Ｄｙ２Ｏ３与ＺｒＯ２的质量比为０．０３：１时,催化剂性能较好;最适宜焙烧温度为５５０℃,在此温度下制得的催化剂具有较大的比表面积和较强的酸性,催化剂中的ＺｒＯ２以四方晶形存在,该催     

甲苯气相选择性氧化制苯甲醛：Ⅰ.V2O5／TiO2—Al2O3催化剂研究

制备了一系列负载型Ｖ－Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｏ催化剂并用于甲苯的气相选择性氧化制苯甲醛，考察了接触时间、氧浓度、Ｖ２Ｏ５负载量以及催化剂焙烧温度对反应性能的影响。用ＴＲＰ、ＤＲＤ和ＢＥＴ等手段，对催化剂进行了表征。研究发现，催化剂在７７３Ｋ时活化，接触时间１．５秒，氧浓度２１％时，可获得较好的反应结果。     

二氧化碳加氢合成二甲醚的研究——ZrO2含量对Cu—ZnO—SiO2—ZrO2催 …

考察了ＣＯ２加氢合成ＣＨ３ＯＣＨ３反应中ＺｒＯ２含量对Ｃｕ－ＺｎＯ－ＳｉＯ２－ＺｒＯ２催化剂的影响,采用ＴＰＲ,ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ和ＴＥＭ等技术对催化剂的结构形态、表面性质和ＺｒＯ２的作用进行了研究,结果表明,催化剂中加入ＺｒＯ２能提高催化剂的比表面积及ＣＯ２转化率和ＣＨ３ＯＣＨ３产率,降低最佳反应温度;ＺｒＯ２含量以２％～３％为佳,催化剂中的ＣｕＯ以种形式存在：小晶粒ＣｕＯ,聚集的无定形ＣｕＯ及均匀     

溶胶-凝胶法对NiO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂在甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中催化性能的影响(英文)

利用浸渍法和溶胶－凝胶法制备ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。通过８０小时寿命实验的比较,研究了制备方法对甲烷部分氧化制合成气催化性能的影响。利用ＴＧ、ＸＰＳ、ＡＡＳ、ＴＰＲ、ＢＥＴ和ＸＲＤ等一系列表征方法考察了催化剂积碳、表面组成、Ｎｉ含量、表面积、孔体积和晶相的变化情况。结果表明,在高温氧化还原反应中,虽然利用溶胶－凝胶法制备的催化剂不能提高催化剂担体的热稳定性,但是能够提高Ｎｉ基催化剂的抗积碳和抗Ｎｉ的流失与烧结的能力。     

NiO－La2O3-Al2O3气凝胶催化剂的制备

采用改进的溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术制备出超细三元ＮｉＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３气凝胶催化剂。通过ＢＥＴ、ＴＥＭ、ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ等物性表征,考察了煅烧温度和组成等对气凝胶催化剂制备的影响。结果表明,此种方法制备的多元所凝胶催化剂不仅保留了氧化铝和ＮｉＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３气凝胶的主要特征,而且,氧化镧的加入使气凝胶理易晶化,热稳定性更好和吸附能力更强。这种改进的溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术操作简单有效,适     

高性能质子交换膜燃料电池

用全氟碘酸质子交换膜作为质子交换膜燃料电池（ＰＥＭＦＣ）电解质,简化了水和电解质的管理。本文研究了该燃料电池质子交换膜厚度对电池性能影响;性能最佳的Ｎａｆｉｏｎ１１２膜和低铂载量Ｅ－ＴＥＫ电极组装的ＰＥＭＦＣ,在输出功率高达０．９５Ｗ／ｃｍ＾２;同时考察了电池的能量转换效率、Ｅ－ＴＥＫ电极中铂电催化剂利用率和电池的稳定性。     

以ZrO2-Al2O3为载体的Co-Mo-K耐硫水煤气变换催化剂

采用沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合载体和Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂。研究了ＺｒＯ２对Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ面硫变换催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响。利用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＧ、ＸＰＳ等手段对催化剂及其载体的结构、吸硫吸水性能和氧化还原性能进行了表征。结果表明以ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３代替传统的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３作为Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂的载体,可提高催化剂的活性,尤其是低温活性,并可改善催化剂的     

Fe2O2/SiO2对异辛醇氧化生成异辛酸反应的催化性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了系列的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２催化剂,并用ＸＲＤ,ＢＥＴ,ＴＧＤＴＧ和ＳＥＭ等手段对催化剂进行了表征;考察了不同Ｆｅ负载量和焙烧温度的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＳｉＯ２催化剂对异辛醇氧化生成异辛酸反应的催化活性的影响,确定了最佳催化剂制备条件．结果表明,Ｆｅ负载量为４％,焙烧温度为５００℃时,催化剂活性组分Ｆｅ２Ｏ３的在载体上分散均匀,晶粒大小基本一致,催化剂比表面积较大,催化剂活性达到最佳,异辛酸选择性最高可达５５．１４％,收率可达２２．４１％．     

不同制法镁铝尖晶石在环己酮双聚中的应用

用共沉淀法，溶胶－凝胶法，超临界干燥技术和脲燃烧法制备了一系列镁铝尖晶石，并将其用于环己酮双聚合成环己烯环己酮（ＣＨＣＨ）的反应中。借助于ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ和ＣＯ＿２－ＴＰＤ等手段考察了不同制备方法对催化剂性质及性能的影响。     

Fluorine sites in glasses and transparent glass-ceramics of the system Na2O/K2O/Al2O3/SiO2/BaF2

The transparent glass-ceramics obtained in the silicate system Na₂O/K₂O/SiO₂/BaF₂ show homogeneously dispersed BaF₂ nano crystals with a narrow size distribution. The X-ray diffraction and the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were applied to glasses and the respective glass-ceramics in order to clarify the crystallization mechanism and the role of fluorine during crystallization. With an increasing annealing time, the concentration and also the number of crystals remain approximately constant. With an increasing annealing temperature, the crystalline fraction increases until a saturation limit is reached, while the number of crystals decreases and the size of the crystals increases. Fluoride in the glassy network occurs as Al-F-Ba, Al-F-Na and also as Ba-F structures. The latter are transformed into crystalline BaF₂ and fluoride is removed from the Al-F-Ba/Na bonds. However, some fluorine is still present in the glassy phase after the crystallization.     

Phase equilibria and glass formation in the As2S3-TlAs2S2Se2 section of the As2S3-As2Se3-TlS system

Alloys in the As₂S₃-TlAs₂S₂Se₂ section of the As₂S₃-As₂Se₃-TlS ternary system were studied and a phase diagram was constructed using physicochemical methods (differential thermal analysis, microstructural analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, also microhardness and density measurements). The diagram in the As₂S₃-TlAs₂S₂Se₂ section is a non-quasi-binary diagonal section of the As₂S₃-As₂Se₃-TlSe quasi-ternary system. It was found that all the alloys in the section under ordinary conditions are obtained in the vitreous state. At low As₂S₃ concentrations in the section, solid solutions form up to 2.5 mol %, and at low TlAs₂S₂Se₂ concentrations, their extent is 3 mol %.     

乙烷/H2O/O2/N2体系中光致过氧化物的产生

采用长光路Fourier红外光谱(LP-FTIR)和高压液相色谱(HPLC)技术研究了乙烷/H2O/O2/N2光化学体系中过氧化物的产生，证实乙烷降解产物中有过氧化氢、乙基过氧化氢(CH3CH2OOH,EHP)和过氧乙酸[CH3C(O)OOH,PAA]，并首次发现了甲基过氧化氢(CH3OOH,MHP)、羟甲基过氧化氢(HOCH2OOH,HMHP)和过氧甲醚(CH3OOCH3,DMP).H2O2,MHP和EHP的最大计算产率分别为6.8%，6.4%和6.7%，是乙烷降解生成的主要过氧化产物。MHP主要来自乙烷降解过程中的中间物乙醛的光解。HMHP的检出表明乙烷降解过程中可能有Criegee中间体.CH2OO.产生。OH自由基引发的乙烷降解反应可能是对流层大气H2O2，MHP及EHP的重要来源之一。     

Natural radiative lifetimes in the2 S 1/2 and2 D 3/2, 5/2 sequences of neutral copper

Natural radiative lifetimes have been measured of the 3d ¹⁰ ns ² S _1/2 (n=6?10) and of the 3d ¹⁰ nd ² D _{3/2, 5/2} (n=5?9) sequences by using two step excitation of copper atoms in an atomic beam. The states investigated were populated by the light from two pulsed dye lasers pumped by the same Nd:YAG laser. The lifetimes of the² D sequence increase regularly with increasing principal quantum number. This is not the case for the² S series, because of configuration interaction in the² P series. In addition the lifetime of the 3d ¹⁰5p ² P _3/2 state has been measured together with its branching ratio.     

A theoretical study of the reaction of SiH2 with C2H2 and C2D2

Potential energy surfaces of the reaction of SiH₂ and C₂H₂ (and C₂D₂) have been calculated by means of ab initio molecular orbital theory at the QCISD/6-311G++(2df, 2p)//MP2/6-31G(d, p) level with corrections for the triple excitations to the QCISD energies. The barrier heights for the two reaction channels of the adduct, thus calculated, were further utilized for the dynamical calculation of the rate constants in the framework of quantum statistical Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel theory. Contributions of the rate constants of the various pathways to the total rate constant (K_T) for the disappearance of the reactants are critically examined and compared with experiment. The pressure dependence of K_T(C₂H₂) is primarily due to the formation of silirene. K_T(C₂D₂) is consistently higher than K_T(C₂H₂). The standard heat of formation of silirene is predicted to be 72.1 ± 3 kcal/mol. Rearrangement of silirene to vinylsilylene requires an activation energy smaller than that to silylacetylene.     

New Compounds of the ThCr2Si2-Type and the Electronic Structure of CaM2Ge2 (M: Mn-Zn)

Two new compounds were synthesized by heating mixtures of the elements at 975-1025 K and characterized by single-crystal X-ray methods. CaZn₂Si₂ (a=4.173(2) Å, c=10.576(5) Å) and EuZn₂Ge₂ (a=4.348(2) Å, c=10.589(9) Å) crystallize in the ThCr₂Si₂-type structure (space group I4/mmm; Z=2). Magnetic susceptibility measurements of EuZn₂Ge₂ show Curie-Weiss behavior with a magnetic moment of 7.85(5)μ_B/Eu and a paramagnetic Curie temperature of 10(1) K. EuZn₂Ge₂ orders antiferromagnetically at T_N=10.0(5) K and undergoes a metamagnetic transition at a low critical field of about 0.3(2) T. The saturation magnetization at 2 K and 5.5 T is 6.60(5) μ_B/Eu. ¹⁵¹Eu Mössbauer spectroscopic experiments show one signal at 78 K at an isomer shift of −11.4(1) mm/s and a line width of 2.7(1) mm/s compatible with divalent europium. At 4.2 K full magnetic hyperfine field splitting with a field of 26.4(4) T is detected. The already known compounds CaM₂Ge₂ (M: Mn-Zn) also crystallize in the ThCr₂Si₂-type structure. Their MGe₄ tetrahedra are strongly distorted with M=Ni and nearly undistorted with M=Mn or Zn. According to LMTO electronic band structure calculations, the distortion is driven by a charge transfer from M-Ge antibonding to bonding levels.     

Approaches to the synthesis of CF2-analogues of 2-deoxy-2-aminoglycosides

The preparation of a fluorinated C-glycosidic analogue of a 2-deoxy-2-acetamido-d-altrose is described. The synthetic sequence involves the addition of a difluoroenoxysilane to a d-glucal, an epoxidation of the resulting unsaturated CF₂-glycoside and a ring-opening reaction with TMSN₃. An Overman rearrangement of the unsaturated intermediate is also described.     

Solubility in the NaClO3 · 2CO(NH2)2-NH2CH2CH2OH-H2O system

The solubility in the NaClO₃ · 2CO(NH₂)₂-NH₂CH₂CH₂OH-H₂O system was studied over the range from the complete solidification temperature (−54.8°C) to 60°C. A polythermal solubility diagram was constructed where the regions of crystallization of ice, carbamide, sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolamine dihydrate, monoethanolamine monohydrate, and anhydrous monoethanolamine were demarcated. The system is a simple eutonic.     

P2O5对Li2O-SiO2-Al2O3-K2O-ZnO体系微晶玻璃析晶性能的影响

采用差热分析、X射线衍射及扫描电镜分析手段研究了P₂O₅对Li₂O-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-K₂O-ZnO体系牙科微晶玻璃析晶性能的影响, 并确定了P₂O₅的最适含量. 结果发现P₂O₅是该玻璃体系的有效成核剂, 未添加P₂O₅的玻璃体系成核密度低, 热处理后不能形成微晶体, 且主晶相为硅酸锂; 添加P₂O₅使玻璃在热处理后形成以二硅酸锂为主晶相的微晶玻璃. 该玻璃体系中添加4.5 wt%的P₂O₅可以得到较高体积含量和理想显微结构的牙科二硅酸锂微晶玻璃. P₂O₅含量为6 wt%的基质玻璃发生乳浊, 呈不透明的乳白色.     

Polymorphism in the Sc2Si2O7-Y2Si2O7 system

This paper examines the structural changes with temperature and composition in the Sc₂Si₂O₇-Y₂Si₂O₇ system; members of this system are expected to form in the intergranular region of Si₃N₄ and SiC structural ceramics when sintered with the aid of Y₂O₃ and Sc₂O₃ mixtures. A set of different compositions have been synthesized using the sol-gel method to obtain a xerogel, which has been calcined at temperatures between 1300 and 1750 °C during different times. The temperature-composition diagram of the system, obtained from powder XRD data, is dominated by the β-RE₂Si₂O₇ polymorph, with γ-RE₂Si₂O₇ and δ-RE₂Si₂O₇ showing very reduced stability fields. Isotherms at 1300 and 1600 °C have been analysed in detail to evaluate the solid solubility of the components. Although, the XRD data show a complete solid solubility of β-Sc₂Si₂O₇ in β-Y₂Si₂O₇ at 1300 °C, the ²⁹Si MAS-NMR spectra indicate a local structural change at x ca. 1.15 (Sc_2−xY_xSi₂O₇) related to the configuration of the Si tetrahedron, which does not affect the long-range order of the β-RE₂Si₂O₇ structure. Finally, it is interesting to note that, although Sc₂Si₂O₇ shows a unique stable polymorph (β), Sc³⁺ is able to replace Y³⁺ in γ-Y₂Si₂O₇ in the compositional range 1.86?x?2 (where x is Sc_2−xY_xSi₂O₇) as well as in δ-Y₂Si₂O₇ for compositions much closer to the pure Y₂Si₂O₇.