基于缺陷补偿理论 激活多感官参与的盲校化学课堂——以“一包干燥剂引发的探究”教学为例

基于特殊教育中的缺陷补偿理论,以《盲校义务教育化学课程标准(2016年版)》的基本理念、课程内容及教学建议为指导,结合盲校九年级化学教学中一节围绕干燥剂的探究课例,介绍教师如何选择和开发合理的实验内容,通过触觉、听觉、嗅觉等感官体验弥补视觉缺陷,激发视障学生的探究热情,使其充分参与化学课堂的具体做法。     

由一"斑"窥全貌--从初中化学教材变化看课程改革

2002年我们宜昌市成为全国课程改革实验区之一，笔者有机会接触到3种版本的初中化学教材：人民教育出版社九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书《化学》(全一册)[下称“人教版教材”]；人民教育出版社义务教育课程标准实验教科书《化学》(上、下册)[下称“人教版实验教材”]；上海教育出版社义务教育课程标准实验教科书《化学》(上、下册)[下称“上教版实验教材”]。在教学教研的工作实践中笔者依据中华人民共和国教育部制订的《全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)》[下称“化学课标”]的精神对这3种版本教材的主要栏目设置及内容作了如下的统计分析：     

化学中考试题与课程标准一致性研究*——以聊城市化学中考试题为例

通过利用SEC“一致性”分析工具对聊城市2016-2018年化学中考试题与《义务教育化学课程标准(2011年版)》的一致性进行分析,得出2016-2018年的聊城市化学中考试题与课程标准不具有统计学意义上的一致性。在内容主题及认知层次分布上,3个年份的试题与课程标准均存在着明显的差异。     

《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》解读——物质的化学变化

简要介绍《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》的“物质的化学变化”学习主题的修订重点,阐述了内容要求、学业要求、教学提示的设计思路,以及教师理解和实施该学习主题课程标准的建议。     

中学化学教科书配套网站的设计与开发──北京科学版和粤教版网络资源"化学网上课堂"介绍

简要介绍了北京科学版和粤教版《义务教育课程标准实验教科书.化学(九年级)》配套网站——"化学网上课堂",重点描述了该网站的结构设计、内容设计和交互设计及对中学教科书配套网站的发展提出展望。     

2014年安徽省宣城市初中毕业学业考试化学学科评价报告

2014年宣城市初中毕业化学学业考试(下称“中考”)为全省统一命题.一方面从化学试题的结构,根据韦伯一致性分析模式,从标准要求、知识广度和知识深度与《义务教育化学课程标准(2011年版)》(下称《课程标准》)的一致性进行了分析;另一方面选取典型试题,分别从化学学科素养能力、信息分析和处理能力、图像辨析和数形结合的能力等层面,分析考生答题情况.最后根据以上分析,对命题者和化学教学各提出了几点建议.     

《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》分析

本文在研究《全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《课程标准》)的基础上,对中学化学国家课程标准研制组编写的《义务教育课程标准实验教科书·化学》(九年级上册、下册)(以下简称《标准组化学》)的体系结构、体例与栏目、特点与启示等进行了分析,并对教科书的编写和修订提出了建议。《标准组化学》从学生的发展需要构建教科书内容体系,体现化学与科技进步和社会发展的关系,贴近学生的生活实际,加强科学探究活动,提倡多样化的学习方式。这些新的尝试体现了化学课程改革的新理念,反映了《课程标准》的精神和要求,有利于培养学生的创新意识和实践能力,全面地提高学生的科学素养。     

实验配置 不可忽视的课改条件——关于初中化学实验教学现状的调查分析

2002年秋期,德阳市部分市、区的初中、小学起始年级开始基础课程改革,并按照义务教育课程标准实施各科教学。到2004年秋期,在初中的这一部分学生,就将按照《全日制义务教育化学课程标准(实验稿)》(以下简称《化学课标》)要求学习化学。为了掌握初中化学实验教学的现状,做好《化学课标》实施前的一切准备工作,笔者对旌阳区参加课改的各中学初中化学实验教学现状进行了调查研究。     

农村中学替代品微型化学实验的研究与探索

在新课程理念下,选择贵州西部一所农村乡镇中学(六枝特区岩脚中学)为试点,以《义务教育课程标准实验教科书:化学》(山东教育出版社,以下简称鲁教版)教材实验为基础,以低成本、省资源、少污染、尽可能小剂量实验为目标,进行替代品微型化学实验的研究,让学生在实验中探     

《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》解读——核心素养、课程目标和学业质量标准的研制

结合化学课程的历史和现实需求,从多角度阐述了化学课程的全面育人价值,分析了《义务教育化学课程标准(2022年版)》中核心素养凝练的思路;提出了核心素养各要素的内涵和外延,梳理了初、高中学段2个核心素养体系之间的关系;探讨了基于核心素养的化学课程目标及化学学业质量标准体系建构的特点及应用。     

Conditions for the Chemical Precipitation of the Starting Substances from Solutions for the Synthesis of Aluminospinels

The precipitation of hydroxides from the Mg^{2 +}-Al^{3 +}-An^--H₂O system (An = NO₃ ^-, Cl^-, SO₄ ^{2 -}) at the initial spinel molar ratio Mg^{2 +} : Al^{3 +} = 1 : 2 was studied. The optimal conditions were found for obtaining the precipitates exhibiting the best properties in the manufacturing sense; their subsequent heat treatment yields a single phase of aluminomagnesium spinel.     

Comparison of two methods for the optimization of the analytical conditions for the determination of total sulfur

Response surface and simplex methods were used for optimizing the determination of total sulfur present in gaseous samples using a quartz crystal microbalance. The optimization methodology increased the analytical signal from three to five times. The simplex method showed the highest efficiency in the search for the maximum sensor response. However, the response surface allows ranking the variables according to their effects and highlights the existence of a plateau in the optimal region.     

A single-laboratory validated method for the generation of DNA barcodes for the identification of fish for regulatory compliance

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that the nation's food supply is safe and accurately labeled. This task is particularly challenging in the case of seafood where a large variety of species are marketed, most of this commodity is imported, and processed product is difficult to identify using traditional morphological methods. Reliable species identification is critical for both foodborne illness investigations and for prevention of deceptive practices, such as those where species are intentionally mislabeled to circumvent import restrictions or for resale as species of higher value. New methods that allow accurate and rapid species identifications are needed, but any new methods to be used for regulatory compliance must be both standardized and adequately validated. "DNA barcoding" is a process by which species discriminations are achieved through the use of short, standardized gene fragments. For animals, a fragment (655 base pairs starting near the 5' end) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene has been shown to provide reliable species level discrimination in most cases. We provide here a protocol with single-laboratory validation for the generation of DNA barcodes suitable for the identification of seafood products, specifically fish, in a manner that is suitable for FDA regulatory use.     

Screening method for the evaluation of asymmetric catalysts for the reduction of aliphatic ketones

ATH reductions of aliphatic ketones in water catalyzed by ruthenium coordinated by prolinamide ligands produce alcohols with moderate enantiomeric excesses in most cases. A set of seven aliphatic ketones is proposed for a rapid evaluation of the enantioselectivity of catalysts by one-pot multi-substrates reduction. The screening of a library of prolinamides shows that according to the structure of the ketones different ligands give the best asymmetric inductions.     

New method for allowance for the activity of the nucleophile in calculations of the reactivities of heteroaromatic compounds

A new method for allowance for the activity of the nucleophile in calculations of the reactivities of heteroaromatic compounds that is based on the special application of the valence molecular orbital (VMO) theory in the form of Dewar reactivity numbers is proposed. It is shown that there is a correspondence between the proposed method and the general VMO theory. The 5-azacinnoline molecule was calculated by both methods. According to the calculations, the 6-C atom should be the most active in reactions with hard bases, whereas the 4-C atom should be the most active in reactions with soft bases. A qualitative correspondence between the proposed method and the DMTS (delocalization model of the transition state) method is also demonstrated in the case of the quinolinium cation.More complex computational methods are presently not applicable to many-atom systems and not found in the literature.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 403–405, March, 1979.     

A Convenient Procedure for the Preparation of Reactive Zinc for the Reformatsky Reaction

A reactive zinc powder is obtained by addition of ZnCl₂ to a lithium dispersion suspended in ether. Reformatsky Reactions with the zinc powder are described.